International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Balance regulation of heat transfer and flow performances of convective heat exchange of microchannel array structures","authors":"Chaomeng Chen,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Liyang Wang,&nbsp;Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As chip integration density increases, the demand for efficient thermal management becomes critical. Traditional microchannel structures often face a trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and increased flow resistance. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel reverse optimization strategy for microchannel array structures, inspired by the natural configurations of leaf veins and spider webs. The optimization process involves two key stages: first, minimizing the maximum thermal resistance of individual microchannel units; second, reducing overall flow resistance through an inverse design approach. The optimized structure is experimentally validated against randomly designed comparative structures. The results demonstrate that the optimized structure achieves a comprehensive performance improvement ranging from 1.54 to 4.47 times over comparative structures. Furthermore, within the scope of this study, the optimized configuration reduces the pressure drop by 23 %–81 % while maintaining high heat transfer efficiency. This research contributes to the development of optimized microchannel array designs for active thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on thermal insulation effect by coolant layer in performance of transpiration cooling","authors":"Yuyang Bian ,&nbsp;Xue Liu ,&nbsp;Jiayue Zheng ,&nbsp;Yanqi Diao ,&nbsp;Weixing Zhou ,&nbsp;Leonid Yanovskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The principle of transpiration cooling involves the internal convective heat transfer within the porous medium and the external thermal insulation by the coolant layer. This work quantitatively analyzed the insulation effect to deeply understand the mechanism of transpiration cooling. The average heat absorption power ratio is 1.12 under the 0.8 % injection ratio, indicating a greater contribution of thermal insulation to the performance of transpiration cooling. An increase in the injection ratio enhances the thermal insulation effect at the end of the porous medium, and the maximum heat absorption power ratio reaches 3.65 at the injection ratio of 0.9 %. Although a change in the mainstream Mach number leads to an overall alteration in the heat absorption power of both aspects, the average heat absorption power ratio of thermal insulation to convective heat transfer improves as the Mach number rises. The thermal insulation effect weakens with an increase in shock wave intensity. An exponential functional relationship exists between the average thermal insulation effect and the wedge angle. Under a wedge angle of 12°, the contribution of thermal insulation is less than that of the convective heat transfer in the porous medium, and the heat absorption power ratio drops to 0.52.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study of wall smoke pattern characteristics adjacent to fire source","authors":"Yu Han ,&nbsp;Xiepeng Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiang Lv ,&nbsp;Xuehui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Zhang ,&nbsp;Longhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confined fires within buildings pose significant risks to urban safety and the environment. Based on the interpretation and analysis of fire pattern, fire investigation is an important aspect for preventing fires and protecting lives and properties. Wall fire plume smoke pattern, as one of the fire patterns caused by fire thermal effect, plays a big role in the fire investigation of building fire, so the study is of great significance to fire investigation and safety development. This paper presents an experimental investigation focusing on the effects of various burner dimensions and heat release rates on the wall fire plume smoke pattern characteristics, as well as the relationship between it and wall fire plume characteristic parameters. Major findings are: (1) The symmetrical smoke pattern from fuel burning first incurves, then spreads outward, finally decreases to the centreline gradually. (2) The smoke pattern region increases as heat release rate increasing and burner dimension decreasing. (3) A dimensionless model of wall fire plume smoke pattern is proposed, associated with burner dimension, heat release rate, flame height and temperature, by which, the parameters in the history of fire can be learned to help fire scene reconstruction. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the evolution of smoke patterns produced by gaseous fuels and support advancements in experimental fire research and accident investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of double-layer microchannel heat sink with trapezoidal cross-sections based on computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Rafat Mohammadi,&nbsp;Vahid Dadras","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multi-objective optimization of a trapezoidal double-layer microchannel heat sink (TDL-MCHS) to minimize both thermal resistance and pumping power. A three-dimensional fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer model, coupled with a multi-objective genetic algorithm, was employed. The optimization considered five design variables, including the flow rate ratio between the upper and lower channels and four geometric parameters related to the channel cross-sections. A parametric study explored the design space, and response surface approximation was applied to improve computational efficiency. The results showed that the optimized TDL-MCHS achieved up to a 42 % reduction in thermal resistance, though at the cost of a significant increase in pumping power. Conversely, minimizing pumping power by 42 % led to a 4 % reduction in thermal resistance. The Pareto-optimal front highlights the trade-offs between thermal performance and energy consumption, providing valuable insights for the efficient design of TDL-MCHSs in electronic cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on solar radiation transfer model of double skin façade with spray aerosol","authors":"Yanjin Wang,&nbsp;Fangfang Wang,&nbsp;Jintao Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spraying droplets into the cavity of the double skin façade can improve its thermal performance. However, the spray system is opened, the mist droplets (aerosols) dispersed in the cavity alter the transmission mechanism of solar radiation through the double skin façade. This study develops a solar radiation transfer model for double skin facade with spray aerosol based on the Mie scattering theory and the net radiation method. The model calculates the transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance of the double skin façade with spray aerosol. Experimental validation shows good agreement with the model, with a maximum error of approximately 11.2 % for solar heat gain. Additionally, this study examines key factors that influence the optical properties of the double skin facade with spray aerosol, including aerosol particle number concentration, average radius, cavity distance, and incidence angle. The results indicate that total transmittance decreases as aerosol concentration and average radius increase. However, when the concentration exceeds 600 particles/cm³ and the average radius exceeds 15 μm, the reduction in transmittance becomes less pronounced. Changes in cavity distance and incidence angle have a minimal effect on transmittance at high aerosol concentrations. By controlling aerosol concentration and average radius, solar heat gain can be effectively reduced. The model accurately describes solar radiation transmission in real conditions, helping assess the optical and thermal properties of double skin façades with spray aerosol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of the novel small-channel thermal protection component","authors":"Wanxiang Yao ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Shao ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Puyan Xu ,&nbsp;Yifan Li ,&nbsp;Man Fan ,&nbsp;Feng Shi ,&nbsp;Weixue Cao ,&nbsp;Bin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal protection of high temperature as well as large heat flux surface was a key technological challenge in the development of thermal protection science. In this paper, a novel small-channel thermal protection component for curved surface cooling was proposed with reference to tree branching laws. The internal flow and heat transfer characteristics were investigated using numerical simulation techniques. Firstly, a variety of operating conditions were designed to explore the correlation between different material properties and thermal protection effect. Secondly, the heat flow state inside the thermal protection component was analyzed to obtain the optimal operating conditions. Finally, the results showed that the critical Reynolds number for flow within the thermal protection component was 4k and the coefficient of local resistance was 1.67. The thermal insulation coefficient and thermal resistance of the component were 81.12 % and 2.76E-4 at different operating conditions, respectively. The pressure difference between the different stages of flow channels were kept at a steady value during the boiling phase transition heat, respectively. This research was important for the development of electronic communication microelectronics, aerospace and solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modeling method for the radiative characteristic parameters of a composite medium containing base fluid and randomly dispersed nanoparticles","authors":"Li Jiayu,&nbsp;Rong Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative heat transfer in a composite medium containing randomly dispersed nanoparticles exists widely in nature and industrial applications. The prediction of radiative characteristic parameters is a crucial issue for the simulation of radiative heat transfer in particulate composite media. The morphology and distribution of nanoparticles can affect the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the nanoparticles, thereby influencing the radiative characteristic parameters of the composite medium. To solve this problem, an electromagnetic model is constructed for a composite medium containing base fluid and randomly distributed nanoparticles. The computational domain is divided into several nanoscale cubic grid cells. Then, the effective radiative characteristic parameters of a grid cell are simulated using finite-element method (FEM), incorporating the dependent scattering effects from nanoparticles in adjacent grid cells. FEM scattering models are established based on varying degrees of interparticle interaction, and the influence of these interaction degrees on the effective radiative characteristic parameters is analyzed. The multigrid Monte Carlo (MC) program is used to simulate the radiative transfer with the inputs of effective radiative characteristic parameters. Finally, the absorptivity of the composite medium containing base fluid and randomly dispersed nanoparticles is obtained. The simulation results presented in this study indicate that the influence of dependent scattering on the radiative characteristic parameters of a particulate composite medium increases with an increasing nanoparticle volume fraction (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). The absorptivity of the composite medium does not definitely increase with increasing <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>. The established method can be used to analyze the influences of morphology and the distribution of the nanoparticles in a particulate composite medium. Both the dependent scattering of nanoparticles and the interactions between nanoparticles and the base fluid are taken into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate estimation of interfacial thermal conductance between silicon and diamond enabled by a machine learning interatomic potential","authors":"Ali Rajabpour ,&nbsp;Bohayra Mortazavi ,&nbsp;Pedram Mirchi ,&nbsp;Julien El Hajj ,&nbsp;Yangyu Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhuang ,&nbsp;Samy Merabia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal management at silicon-diamond interface is critical for advancing high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, we calculate the interfacial thermal conductance between silicon and diamond using a computationally efficient machine learning (ML) interatomic potential trained on density functional theory (DFT) data. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we compute the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) for various system sizes. Our results reveal an extremely close agreement with experimental data than those obtained using traditional semi-empirical potentials such as Tersoff and Brenner which overestimate ITC. In addition, we analyze the frequency-dependent heat transfer spectrum, providing insights into the contributions of different phonon modes to the interfacial thermal conductance. The ML potential accurately captures the phonon dispersion relations and lifetimes, in good agreement with DFT calculations and experimental observations. It is shown that the Tersoff potential predicts higher phonon group velocities and phonon lifetimes compared to the DFT results. Furthermore, it predicts higher interfacial bonding strength, which is consistent with higher interfacial thermal conductance as compared to the ML potential. This study highlights the use of ML interatomic potentials to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of thermal transport simulations of complex material interface systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the liquid phase structural evolution of high-temperature metal-oxide mixture in the magnetic field","authors":"Kerong Guo ,&nbsp;Houjun Gong ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Zan ,&nbsp;Zumao Yang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In reactor safety analysis, the stratification phenomenon of the molten pool is crucial for the design of in-vessel retention techniques. During the course of the experimental study on the stratification of the molten pool using an electromagnetic cold crucible, the electromagnetic field affects the evolution of the structural morphology of the molten pool. This study constructs a multi-physics field model coupling electromagnetic field, flow field, temperature field, and two-phase flow to investigate the morphological structure, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics of immiscible two-phase liquids in the electromagnetic field. The model focuses on the effects of Lorentz force, buoyancy, surface tension, temperature gradients, and solidification on the two-phase liquid structure. The simulated result of the liquid-phases’ structure aligns well with experimental results. The computational results show that when subjected to an electromagnetic field, the metal surface undergoes a significant Lorentz force owing to the skin effect. Therefore, the metal was pushed towards the center of the molten pool. The buoyancy force causes the metal to reside above the molten pool. And under the combined effects of the Lorentz force and surface tension, the metal adopts a semi-spherical shape. In the absence of the Lorentz force, the buoyancy force predominates over the interaction forces between the two liquid phases, causing the metal to spread over the molten pool. In addition, natural convection due to temperature gradients affects the molten pool flow. During the solidification of the molten pool, the solidification of the oxide on the sidewalls restricts the flow and morphology of the metal. The study finds that the molten pool is primarily influenced by Lorentz force, followed by buoyancy force and natural convection, while surface tension has the least impact on the molten pool's morphology. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex morphological evolution process of immiscible liquid phases with different conductivities in an electromagnetic field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icing characteristics of supercooled sessile water droplets on the top of cold micro-pillars","authors":"Ruoxiao Huang,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Zhao,&nbsp;Yubo Gao,&nbsp;Long Zhang,&nbsp;Mengjie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Icing and frosting problems on cold surfaces affect the normal operation of equipment and optimizing the anti-icing and ice-phobic properties of structured surfaces needs exploration of the droplet icing process on typical micro-pillars. Based on the apparent heat capacity method, the icing characteristics of sessile water droplets on the top of cold micro-pillars are numerically studied with the supercooling degree considered. The effects of the micro-pillar diameter and height as well as the droplet volume and surface temperature are obtained. As the micro-pillar diameter becomes smaller, the icing rate of the droplet decreases and the freezing time increases. A higher micro-pillar enlarges the thermal resistance, slows down the movement of the freezing front, and results in an increase in the freezing time. The freezing time goes up as the droplet volume and the surface temperature increase. This changing trend becomes more conspicuous for a smaller micro-pillar diameter. Furthermore, the relationship between the freezing time and the micro-pillar diameter and height is derived from heat transfer analysis. The freezing time is negatively related to the square of the micro-pillar diameter. When the micro-pillar height increases one time, the droplet freezing time will increase by 3.42 %. The findings in this work give insights into the icing mechanism of supercooled sessile water droplets on the top of cold micro-pillars and provide references for the design and optimization of anti-icing and anti-frosting surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}