A. Andreozzi , L. Brunese , A. Cafarchio , P. Netti , G.P. Vanoli
{"title":"Effects of magnetic nanoparticle distribution in cancer therapy through hyperthermia","authors":"A. Andreozzi , L. Brunese , A. Cafarchio , P. Netti , G.P. Vanoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is a promising cancer treatment that exploits the heating capabilities of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) when exposed to alternating magnetic fields. The primary challenge in optimizing MHT lies in understanding the influence of MNP distribution within the tumor microenvironment. This study presents realistic simulations of MNP distribution within a tumor, accounting for diffusion, convection, and internalization dynamics, alongside the presence of a necrotic core. Additionally, a vascular network was modeled based on diagnostic images to assess its impact on nanoparticle behavior and heat generation within the tumor. Our results show that uneven MNP distribution, particularly in areas influenced by the tumor's vasculature and necrotic regions, results in highly variable temperature profiles and irregular thermal damage. By contrast, a more uniform distribution of MNPs leads to a consistent rise in temperature and a broader region of thermal damage, with maximum temperatures reaching 47 °C and 99 % tumor cell death after 60 min of treatment. Key quantitative findings indicate that the tumor's vascular architecture plays a crucial role in determining the heat distribution and treatment efficacy. This study highlights the importance of fine-tuning MNP delivery and distribution to maximize therapeutic outcomes in MHT. The approach offers significant potential for applications in treating deep-seated or inoperable tumors, where precise and localized therapy is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and experimental analysis of a novel thermal diode with asymmetric heat transfer inspired by feather","authors":"Jianhua Xiang, Yingwen Li, Zhipeng Chen, Ping Li, Yongfeng Zheng, Jiale Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the limitation of isotropic heat transfer of traditional heat pipes, a novel thermal diode with asymmetric flow resistance vapor channel inspired by the goose feather fibers is proposed in this study. The thermal performance of novel thermal diode is experimentally investigated. Results show that under the wide range of operating conditions, the thermal resistance of one end surpasses the thermal resistance of the other end, indicating its excellent thermal rectification capability. Under the filling ratio of 10 % and heating power of 7.5 W, the maximum thermal resistance of the thermal diode is 5.23 times the minimum thermal resistance, demonstrating excellent asymmetric heat transfer performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel thermal diode proposed in this study can easily change its unidirectional heat transfer direction by simply adjusting the internal filling ratio, showing significant application potential in the fields of thermal control system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shizhen Qi , Shaohua Han , Zhen Xiang , Yibin Jia , Tairan Guo , Na An , Qilong Liu , Tianyi Huo , Jiangjiang Xing , Runsheng Zhang , Leping Zhou , Li Li , Hui Zhang , Xiaoze Du
{"title":"Optimization and mechanistic analysis of the configurational parameters of a serrated trench for improving film cooling performance","authors":"Shizhen Qi , Shaohua Han , Zhen Xiang , Yibin Jia , Tairan Guo , Na An , Qilong Liu , Tianyi Huo , Jiangjiang Xing , Runsheng Zhang , Leping Zhou , Li Li , Hui Zhang , Xiaoze Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combinations of trench and holes in film cooling design for turbine blades have been suggested recently. In this work, structural optimization is performed for one of our previously proposed serrated trenches. Geometric parameters including serrated angle, width, and height of the trench, which are the key factors affecting the flow and cooling characteristics, are optimized. The relative area-averaged cooling effectiveness, the relative pressure drop coefficient, and the performance evaluation criterion (<em>PEC</em>) are the optimizing objectives. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed as the search strategy to achieve <em>PEC</em> maximization at blowing ratios in the range of 0.5–2.0. The individual variations of each parameter are studied by controlling the variables using the response surface method. It shows that the trench height is the most influential factor on flow and heat transfer; while the trench serrated angle mainly affects the heat transfer; and the trench width has a weak effect on both, depending on the blowing ratio. To achieve maximum <em>PEC</em>, the trench height needs to enlarge with the increase in blowing ratio, while contrary to this, the trench width needs to increase under low blowing ratios and decrease under high blowing ratios, and the optimum trench serrated angle is within the range of 80°–85° at all blowing ratios. The optimum geometry reduces the pressure loss while improves the cooling effectiveness by 8.43 %–17.97 % compared to the baseline trench. This work is instructive for the design and application of practical structures for blade cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal calculation and experimental study of a double-disk magnetic coupler","authors":"Xin Ma , Shuang Wang , Yongcun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming to tackle the difficulties and inaccuracies in calculating the temperature field of double-disk magnetic coupler, a novel thermal calculation method is proposed, integrating the equivalent thermal network method and CFD method. This approach deviates from traditional methods that substitute empirical formulas with rotational speed. An equivalent thermal network model is established to ascertain the temperature rise at each network node. Additionally, a fluid-solid coupling model is constructed, and the impact of uneven air temperature distribution on air density, specific heat capacity, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity is analyzed using the least squares method. The results reveal that after incorporating variable temperature air physical properties, the high-temperature area of the copper conductor decreases, the calculated temperature rise aligns closer to actual values, and air friction loss on the copper surface is reduced by 6.5 %. Experimental verification, conducted on a 55 kW double-disk magnetic coupler, demonstrates maximum errors of 8.86 % and 6.53 % when comparing experimental values to those calculated by the equivalent thermal network method and CFD method, respectively, thereby validating the proposed method. This research provides a theoretical reference for thermal calculations in double-disk magnetic coupler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiheng Xu , Jiyu Wang , Yuqiao Wang , Shifan Zhu , Hongyu Wang , Dandan Yang , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaobin Tang
{"title":"Thermal characterisation of isotopic heat sources for enhanced thermophotovoltaic systems","authors":"Zhiheng Xu , Jiyu Wang , Yuqiao Wang , Shifan Zhu , Hongyu Wang , Dandan Yang , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaobin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radioisotope thermophotovoltaics (RTPVs) are playing an increasingly important role in the energy supply for deep space exploration. The output performance of RTPVs can be significantly improved by increasing the surface temperature of isotopic heat sources and reducing the high-temperature degradation effect of the thermophotovoltaic cells. This work proposes methods such as selective emission coating and adjusting heat source structure to improve heat source temperature and optimize heat distribution. Results showed that the surface temperature of the heat source could generally reach more than 1000 K by using the selective coating when the thermal power of the isotopic heat source was 500 W. The use of selective coatings can also make the thermophotovoltaic cells closer to the heat source, and the volume of RTPVs could be reduced from 1.23 × 10<sup>−3</sup> m<sup>3</sup> to 0.49 × 10<sup>−3</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, with a reduction of ∼60 %. Under the condition of W@SiO<sub>2</sub> selective coating and 500 W heat source, RTPVs could produce the maximum output power of 22 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> when the distance between the InGaAs cell and the heat source is 2 cm. The results provided effective guidance for the design of the heat source and miniaturization of RTPVs in space applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative-serpentine cooling method of batteries: Both thermal and statistical method approach","authors":"Ozge Yetik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy, in particular, is critical for a sustainable world. Effective storage of energy is at the heart of all systems. While energy storage allows us to preserve the beauties offered by nature, it also requires innovative solutions that push the limits of technology. The most important factor affecting the performance of batteries is their temperature. For this reason, the serpentine cooling model, which is an innovative battery cooling method, was evaluated in this study. Generally, in the literature, batteries are considered as heat masses and given a certain heat flux and their temperature distributions are examined. In this study, batteries were connected to each other with busbars as in reality and thermal analyses were performed. In addition, a serpentine cooling method, which has never been used before, was tried as a cooling method in batteries. While all these evaluations were made, statistical analyses were performed for the priority order of the parameters used. All of these situations show how innovative the study is. The NTGK model was used in CFD analyses. 5 different parameters were considered. These are the discharge rate (0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C and 2.5C), the type of refrigerant (air and water), the speed at which the refrigerant enters the model (0.01 m/s, 0.03 m/s and 0.05 m/s), the ambient temperature (293K, 298K and 300K), and the SOH value (50 %, 65 %, 75 %).Water has been shown to be a better refrigerant than air. As the inlet speed of the refrigerant was increased, the discharge rate was reduced, and the SOH value decreased, the temperature values obtained by the model were lower. The temperature values of the batteries according to their location in the model were also examined. 5-factor, 2-level experiments were conducted to examine statistically. It was checked whether the created values fit the distributions and it was seen that the most effective parameter used in the model was the type of refrigerant. In addition, the most statistically effective working conditions were also determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haimeng Zhou , Lei Luo , Quanzhong Wang , Wei Du , Yan Han , Songtao Wang
{"title":"Effects of transverse divider wall within the squealer cavity on the performance of a novel squealer tip with rail crown holes for the gas turbine blade","authors":"Haimeng Zhou , Lei Luo , Quanzhong Wang , Wei Du , Yan Han , Songtao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The squealer tip with rail crown holes is a novel design that offers superior overall performance, effectively enhancing tip cooling and controlling leakage flow in turbine blades. In this study, the transverse divider wall is added to the squealer cavity further to explore the potential advantages of this novel blade tip structure. This study aims to investigate the influence of the position and number of the divider walls on the blade tip performance. Numerical results show that the hindrance effect of the divider wall significantly enlarges the range of the cavity coolant, which enhances the coolant reattachment on the cavity floor and reduces the leading-edge high heat transfer coefficient (<em>h</em>). After cavity flow strides over the divider wall, it inclinedly impacts the rear cavity floor, forming a reattachment line (RL), which increases both the film cooling efficiency (<em>η</em>) and <em>h</em> behind the divider wall. As the divider wall shifts backward, the <em>h</em> near the leading-edge RL gradually increases, and the low-<em>η</em> region of the suction-side corner is expanded. As the divider wall number increases, the second utilization of the coolant within the cavity is improved, compared with Baseline, the <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>η</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> in case with three divider walls is improved by about 59.13 %. The flow structure near each divider wall is similar, simultaneously, the downstream divider wall can promote coolant attachment near the adjacent upstream divider wall. In aerodynamic aspect, the position and number of the divider walls minimally influence the total leakage flow rate (<em>LFR</em>), but they exert a notable effect on the <em>LFR</em> distribution along streamwise. In general, upstream of the divider wall, the <em>LFR</em> is significantly diminished, but the reduced leakage is compensated downstream of the divider wall, resulting in an overall constant total leakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiacheng Yu, Kai Liu, Hanrui Qiu, Mingjun Wang, Wenxi Tian, G.H. Su
{"title":"Numerical analysis of thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the whole LFR core under blockage conditions","authors":"Jiacheng Yu, Kai Liu, Hanrui Qiu, Mingjun Wang, Wenxi Tian, G.H. Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blockage accidents are critical scenarios in the design and safety analysis of lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor (LFR) core. Traditional analysis of blockage accidents in LFR focuses on localized, fine-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of single or three assemblies, but the analysis of the whole core scale impact caused by blockage accidents is insufficient. Therefore, this paper uses CorTAF-LBE, a three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis code developed by XJTU-NuTHeL, to analyze the impact of blockage accidents on the whole core of the LFR. The reliability of the code in calculating thermal-hydraulic parameters under blockage accidents was validated based on the KALLA-THEADES and KALLA-IWF experiments. Taking the MYRRHA-FASTEF core as the object, simulations and analyses are conducted for various blockage scenarios with different lengths and positions. The results indicate that blockage accidents lead to an enlarged coolant temperature gradient at the core outlet. Lengthening the blockage results in an elevation of the peak temperature in the cladding. Under 2.06 % blockage at the center of the assembly, blockage in the middle of the heating segment poses the greatest threat to cladding integrity, with the maximum temperature reaching 1336.9K, an increase of 635.4K compared to normal operating conditions. Under 4.59 % blockage at the edge of the assembly, the maximum cladding temperature reaches 1381.8K, and the heat transfer rate of the inter-wrapper flow (IWF) adjacent to the blockage area is 24.2 % higher than under normal operation. Additionally, severe degradation in heat transfer downstream was not observed in several simulated blockage scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear static behaviors of nonlocal nanobeams incorporating longitudinal linear temperature gradient","authors":"Jiye Wu , Linhui Song , Kun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The elastic parameters and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of nanomaterials change with temperature. If the elastic modulus, the CTE, and the longitudinal linear temperature gradient are coupled, the longitudinal symmetry of the mechanical properties of nanobeams is broken. However, researchers have not yet to examine how this symmetry breaking affects the mechanical properties of nanobeams. This paper provides a new analysis of the modified thermoelastic beam model established by the nonlocal stress gradient theory. The present analysis incorporates the coupling of the longitudinal linear temperature gradient, elastic modulus, thermal expansion, and scale effect. Afterward, we apply the Galerkin method to explore the buckling, post-buckling, and transverse bending of a <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The results show that the linear temperature gradient induces the breaking of the nanobeam's longitudinal symmetry and then results in the coupling of the symmetrical and antisymmetrical weight functions of the deformations. While the linear temperature gradient marginally affects the symmetry of nanobeams, it significantly raises the buckling temperature and introduces the complexity of the post-buckling and transverse force bending. In addition, the integration of the linear longitudinal temperature gradient, elastic modulus, and nonlocal effect more significantly affects nanobeams' mechanical properties than individual factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal modeling and analysis of multi-mover motors considering mover quantity and dynamic states","authors":"Yani Zhang, Xuzhen Huang, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>—Multi-mover motors are widely used in logistics transportation systems. However, the unique number of movers and variations in motion states complicate the distribution of loss and thermal characteristics, thereby increasing the difficulty of calculating temperature rise. In this paper, a winding loss calculation method that considers the multi-condition and dynamic characteristics of multi-mover motors is proposed. The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) is calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM), with a detailed analysis of velocity distribution characteristics. The interactive effects of mover speed, acceleration, mover quantity, and the distance between adjacent movers on the CHTC are investigated. A simplified yet accurate thermal modeling is developed, reducing the required time for a single operating condition from 4 h to 0.5 h, with an error of only 4 %. Through both single variable and multivariable analyses, the thermal characteristics of multi-mover motors under different conditions are revealed. Finally, a prototype is created and tested under various operating conditions. The discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values are within 5 %, validating the accuracy of the proposed model and analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}