International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical analysis of heat and flow transfer in permeable textile ensemble in windy conditions","authors":"Lexi Tu ,&nbsp;Xuanlin Qu ,&nbsp;Chong Heng ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Jilong Wang ,&nbsp;Fumei Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A three-dimensional geometric model of cold protective clothing was proposed, which consisted of a thin windproof layer and a thick insulation layer. The heat transfer and airflow movement within textile ensembles under different various conditions were simulated using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The simulation process considered natural convection occurring within the environment and the textile, as well as forced convection induced by the infiltration of ambient air into the textile. The effects of wind velocity, outer-layer permeability and inner-layer penetrability on thermal insulation properties of the textile ensembles were investigated. In addition, temperature distribution and airflow streamlines were utilized to examine the internal heat transfer and airflow movement mechanisms in windy conditions, with a particular focus on the interaction between multi-layer permeability and airflow. The finding indicated that reducing the permeability of the outer layer was found to advantageously minimize internal air movement and forced convection heat loss. In addition, in windy conditions, the thermal insulation of textiles with higher outer-layer permeability was dependent on the penetrability of the inner layer. Notably, combination textiles with a lower inner-layer permeability exhibited better thermal insulation performance compared to combination textiles with higher permeability. The obtained research findings offer a fresh perspective on cold protective clothing design, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing clothing thermal performance by considering the interaction between different layers' permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and experimental validation of a two-dimensional CFD model for narrow rectangular channel simulations","authors":"Hongquan Liu ,&nbsp;Yingwei Wu ,&nbsp;Chuan Lu ,&nbsp;Zhendong He ,&nbsp;Yanan He ,&nbsp;Wenxi Tian ,&nbsp;Suizheng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coolant flowing through the narrow rectangular channel delivers efficient cooling for the plate-type nuclear fuel assembly. These narrow rectangular channels are typically closed and differ significantly from the coolant channel geometry in conventional fuel rod assemblies. To accurately model the coolant behavior within these channels, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated in this paper. A two-dimensional (2D) mesh was employed to approximate the three-dimensional (3D) coolant flow, thereby reducing computational complexity. Conservation equations were formulated, and a void fraction model was incorporated as an auxiliary component. The model was validated by comparing calculation results with experimental data from the literature. In addition, to further investigate the coolant flow distribution, a multi-channel experiment was conducted to obtain additional validation data in this study. The verification results for the heat transfer, coolant flow, and void fraction models demonstrated satisfactory accuracy. The maximum absolute error of the coolant temperature was 3.1 K, and the pressure drop had a maximum relative error of 1.81 %. Under conditions of supercooled boiling at atmospheric pressure, the average relative error in void fraction was 18.24 %. Based on the multi-channel experimental data, the maximum relative error in flow distribution was 14.03 %. In multi-channel simulations, neglecting the heat conduction of steel partitions was identified as a significant source of error. Therefore, accurately modeling the coupled heat transfer between the steel partitions and the coolant is essential for improving simulation accuracy in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid non-invasive measurement of the time-dependent heat flux and temperature distribution in participating medium under non-Gaussian noise","authors":"Yang Hong,&nbsp;Yicheng Ma,&nbsp;Yifeng Wu,&nbsp;Shuangcheng Sun,&nbsp;Shuang Wen,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The particle filter (PF) and extended particle filter (EPF) techniques are proposed to resolve the real-time estimated of the aerothermal heat flux and temperature fields of the thermal protection system (TPS) for the hypersonic vehicle. The TPS is regarded as a typical participating medium. The radiation heat transfer in the participating medium is computed by the Rosseland diffusion model. The finite volume method is utilized to solve the energy equation to obtain measurement temperature. Based on the measurement temperature signal, the Particle filtering technique is applied to reconstruct the surface heat flux and inner temperature field of the TPS. Four typical non-Gaussian noises are added to the simulated temperature signal to investigate the tracking ability and stability of the proposed algorithms. The influence of the measured noise, measured noised covariance, process noise covariance, time step, and number of the particle on the estimated results are discussed in detail. The calculated results indicate that even though the actual time-dependent heat flux measured by NASA is considered, an acceptable estimated result can still be obtained based on the EPF and PF techniques. The normalized root mean square errors of the actual heat flux reconstructed by PF and EPF are 5.45 % and 2.55 %, and the average relative errors of the reconstructed temperature field are 0.1 % and 0.043 %, respectively. All the estimation results illustrate that EPF technique has better tracking ability and robustness compare with the PF method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective design optimization and fluid-thermal coupling analysis on the active flow control induced by a novel aerospike-channel injection concept","authors":"Yu-shan Meng,&nbsp;Zhong-wei Wang,&nbsp;Yang Shen,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yao-bin Niu,&nbsp;Zan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive aeroheating and high wave drag problems have always been the utmost important work related to vehicles in supersonic/hypersonic flight. Mounting a spike is a potential candidate to modify the flowfield in front of the fore-bodies for drag reduction and thermal protection. In this paper, a novel aerospike-channel injection device without additional working fluid is implemented. Based on this concept, investigations on the proposed configuration are carried out by using numerical simulation combined with multi-objective design optimization methods. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II multi-objective algorithm coupled with the Kriging surrogates is utilized for the multi-objective design optimization, and the fluid-thermal interaction simulations are constructed based on loosely coupled analysis. The flow structure and fluid-thermal coupling characteristics depending on the freestream conditions (Mach number: 5 to 7 at 27 km, altitude: 20–27 km at <em>q</em>_<em>∞</em> = 47 kPa) are examined and discussed in detail. Compared with the distinguished configuration obtained from numerical simulation, the optimized designs provide further reductions of 6.73 % and 6.51 % in drag and aeroheating, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the drag response of the spiked model mainly depends on the spike length <em>L</em>/<em>D</em>, whereas the aeroheating is mainly controlled by the injection location. In addition, this paper emphasizes that it is necessary to conduct a coupled fluid-thermal analysis to accurately capture the dynamic thermal response of the vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of multi-hole film interactions on thermal protection and drag reduction performances under supersonic condition","authors":"Dingyuan Wei,&nbsp;Jingying Zuo,&nbsp;Jianfei Wei,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Silong Zhang,&nbsp;Wen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet engines face significant challenges related to aerodynamic frictional drag and thermal protection due to high-speed incoming flow and high-intensity combustion heat release. Multi-hole discrete film injection using gaseous hydrocarbon fuel can effectively reduce frictional drag while enhancing film cooling performance. Numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes method have been conducted to investigate the effect of multi-hole film interactions on thermal protection and drag reduction performances under supersonic condition in a supersonic combustor. The results indicate that multi-hole discrete film jets achieve better cooling efficiency and broader cooling coverage under supersonic incoming flow conditions compared with subsonic incoming flow at the same blowing ratio. Under subsonic condition, the small velocity difference between the multi-hole discrete film jets and the main flow exacerbates the penetration of the transverse jet into the main flow, leading to a decrease in cooling efficiency. Smaller lateral hole spacing (<em>P/D</em>) is better for combustion drag reduction and thermal protection performances under supersonic conditions, as it enables neighboring jets to form anti-kidney-type vortex pair structures and creates a cracking heat absorption region. Furthermore, the axial hole spacing (<em>S/D</em>) in aligned multi-hole discrete film jets significantly enhances thermal protection performance by regulating the chemical reaction of hydrocarbon fuel and extending the cracking reaction region. Secondary hydrocarbon-fueled film injection extends the cracking reaction region and delays the onset of the combustion heat release zone, thereby expanding the effective cooling region. Moreover, an optimization analysis of the cross multi-hole discrete film jet structure shows that cooling coverage increases to 73.5 % at <em>S/D</em> = 10 and <em>P/D</em> = 2, while the hydrocarbon fuel combustion resistance is reduced by 33.2 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of LNG in flexible corrugated pipes","authors":"Haoping Peng,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Ruichao Tian,&nbsp;Xiaofei Lv,&nbsp;Jiabin Yuan,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Li,&nbsp;Shouwu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible corrugated pipes, known for their lightweight and flexibility, play a crucial role in sea transport. This study develops a three-dimensional physical model of flexible corrugated pipes to examine the flow and heat transfer characteristics of LNG across different Reynolds numbers and pipe bending angles using Workbench software. Considering the influence of the local flow resistance coefficient <em>f</em>_<em>j</em> in the bending pipe, the equivalent resistance coefficient <em>fe</em> is proposed to comprehensively study the flow characteristics of LNG in the pipe, and the parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out according to the comprehensive thermal performance index <em>C</em>_<em>PE</em> of the flexible corrugated pipes. Based on the flow field distribution characteristics of corrugated pipes and smooth pipes, the changes of pressure, eddy viscosity, flow resistance coefficient, Nusselt number and comprehensive thermal performance index <em>C</em>_<em>PE</em> under four Reynolds numbers and five bending angles are studied respectively, and the correlation between <em>fe</em>, <em>Nu</em> and <em>C</em>_<em>PE</em> is analyzed. It is observed that the secondary flow and swirl flow will be caused by the fluid entering the corrugated pipes for a certain distance, and the bending wall is beneficial to enhance the degree of fluid disturbance in the corrugated pipes; when the Reynolds number increases, the pressure and eddy viscosity in the corrugated pipes increase linearly, and the convective heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number exhibit a linear increase. At the same time, the resistance coefficient <em>fe</em> tends to be stable, the comprehensive thermal performance index <em>C</em>_<em>PE</em> of corrugated pipes decreases gradually. When the bending angle increases from 40° to 120°, the pressure, <em>Nu</em>, <em>f</em>_<em>j</em> and <em>fe</em> in the corrugated pipes increase significantly, and <em>C</em>_<em>PE</em> also increases gradually. Considering the cold preservation requirements for LNG during transportation, bending angles exceeding 80° should be avoided to minimize fluid flow resistance, pipe stress and deformation, while ensuring the safety and economic efficiency of pipeline transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of magnetic changes induced by temperature disturbances in the goaf","authors":"Chunhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyu Ma ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Ziyue Chen ,&nbsp;Jinquan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of the influence of temperature field changes in the goaf on the performance of magnetic materials, this paper combines experiment and numerical simulation to explore and analyze the law of temperature propagation in the goaf and the mechanism of abnormal magnetic induction intensity in NdFeB rubber magnetic lines under the influence of a coupled temperature field. The results indicate that the measuring point temperature follows a quadratic function variation with the temperature measurement distance, and when the measurement distance exceeds 0.75m, the measuring point temperature reaches equilibrium with the ambient temperature. The temperature variation obtained from numerical simulations aligns with the experimental measurements, revealing three distinct temperature variation zones: a rapid temperature drop zone, a slow transition zone, and a stable approaching zone. As the temperature measurement distance increases, the curvature of the isothermal lines on the measuring plane gradually decreases and tends to become parallel, while the spatial isothermal surfaces transition from curved to flattened. With increasing temperature, the antagonistic effect between thermal excitation and magnetic exchange interaction strengthens, gradually becoming dominant, leading to disorderly arrangement of magnetic moments and a reduction in magnetic induction intensity. Additionally, as the temperature rises, the thermal expansion effect of the rubber matrix enhances the encapsulation of magnetic powder particles, suppressing the magnetic dipole interaction, resulting in a “two-point, three-zone” variation pattern of magnetic induction intensity, characterized by low-temperature, medium-temperature, and high-temperature zones. Among them, the magnetic induction intensity decreases most rapidly in the medium-temperature zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-guided filtering slow feature thermography for subsurface defect detection in composite materials","authors":"Kaixin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Yao ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared thermography (IRT) is widely used for non-destructive measurement and testing of composite materials and heritage conservation. Thermal data post-processing techniques playing a crucial role in improving accuracy and efficiency. In this work, a self-guided filtering-based slow feature thermography (GF-SFT) method is proposed for subsurface defect assessment of composites. It processes and analyzes time-series thermal imaging data of inspection targets from both temporal and spatial dimensions. First, a self-guided filtering method enhances the thermal image sequence in the spatial domain, preserving critical image features (e.g., edges) while reducing noise and suppressing irrelevant details, thereby improving the data quality. Subsequently, the slow feature analysis technique isolates stable background components in the thermal signal over time while distinguishing rapidly changing features associated with subsurface defects. The proposed framework is validated through an evaluation of filtering performance and a Fourier-based interpretation of fast- and slow-varying thermal features. A test case on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer demonstrates the effectiveness of the GF-SFT method in detecting subsurface defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying particle and wave effects in phonon transport of pillared graphene nanoribbons","authors":"Shixian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zong ,&nbsp;Fei Yin ,&nbsp;V.I. Khvesyuk ,&nbsp;Nuo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dual nature of phonons — encompassing both particle-like and wave-like behaviors — and their roles in thermal transport within pillared graphene nanoribbons (PGNRs). Monte Carlo simulations are employed to evaluate how the presence of pillars affects the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), revealing that pillars significantly reduce thermal conductivity by enhancing phonon-boundary scattering, thereby emphasizing particle effects. A comparison with molecular dynamics simulations enables quantitative assessment of the respective contributions of particle and wave phenomena to the observed reduction in thermal conductivity. Notably, as the width of PGNRs decreases, the influence of wave effects initially increases and then diminishes, suggesting a saturation behavior. Furthermore, this study introduces and evaluates the concept of phonon resonance hybridization depth in PGNRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning regression modeling of liquid jet impingement cooling: Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD)","authors":"Amirhossein Kholghi ,&nbsp;Farzad Azizi Zade ,&nbsp;Hamid Niazmand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sardarabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive CFD and Machine Learning Regression Models (MLRM) investigation optimized circular Jet Impingement cooling. Jet impingement, influenced by several parameters, is widely studied in industry. This study used a design of experiments based on the Taguchi Method (TM) to determine the efficient number of CFD simulations. Numerical simulations generated a dataset to analyze nozzle diameter, nozzle height, flow rate, and different fluids (water, nanofluids, and Microencapsulated PCM), validated with experimental data. Data is cleaned and split into training, validation, and test sets. Validation and training data are augmented, while test data remained unchanged. After feature selection, 6 singular and 6 ensemble RMs are trained to identify the best models, followed by developing a novel hybrid model. The hybrid model achieved a total R² = 0.90 and test R² = 0.84. Applicability and sensitivity analysis validated the hybrid model, followed by a TM-based analysis of variance. Results revealed that flow rate is the most crucial factor (51.5%) followed by the fluid type (45.8%). Finally, several optimization methods are applied, with the Nelder-Mead method predicting the optimum case (with total error = 10%): Re = 5961.6 to result in an h_average = 4.6 (W/cm² °C) given a heat flux of 64 W/cm².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}