International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical modeling of natural convection heat transfer from a horizontally positioned tube layer immersed in a tank","authors":"Koray Sahin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the problem of heating heavy fuel oil (HFO) in ship storage tanks. The 3D natural convection heat transfer from a horizontally positioned tube layer immersed in a tank for heating the HFO was investigated in the Rayleigh (Ra) number ranges of 10⁵≤Ra_H≤10⁷, 170≤ Ra_D≤16990. The effect of the ratio of computational domain height (H) to width (W), (A = H/W), on heat transfer by natural convection was also examined. Analyses were performed for 3 different H/W (1.66, 2.5 and 3.33). The governing equations of heat transfer by natural convection in the tank were solved using the finite volume method. The function related to the variation in the HFO viscosity with temperature was compiled into a finite volume solver. The flow and thermal fields inside the tank were obtained by the isosurface technique. The average Nusselt numbers (<span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>) on the tube and horizontal walls were calculated. The findings of the study are that the Ra number increased, the <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> in the tube and the top horizontal walls increased, but there was no significant change in the <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> numbers for the bottom wall. Additionally, the <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> values for the tube increased in the 10⁵≤Ra_H≤10⁶ range as the H/W ratio increased. At Ra_H = 10⁷, the increase in the H/W ratio from 2.5 to 3.33 had no effect on the heat transfer rate in the tube. As a result, the effect of the H/W ratio on the heat transfer rate in the tube gradually decreased with the increase of Ra number. Correlations between Ra number, aspect ratio and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> were developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency of latent heat thermal energy storage units with twisted fin induced natural convection","authors":"Peng Ding,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Ji,&nbsp;Yuxiang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design of a novel twisted fin structure aimed at enhancing natural convection to examine its effects on phase change material (PCM) melting in a shell-and-tube thermal storage system. Numerical simulations are employed to assess the performance of the latent thermal energy storage system with twisted fins, utilizing the enthalpy-porosity method. Two key factors are analyzed: the twist angle of the fins and the orientation of the thermal storage unit (vertical and horizontal). Thermal performance is evaluated by comparing the liquid fraction, average temperature, and velocity distribution. This paper attempts to demonstrate the advantages of the novel structure through a more visual representation of spatial streamlines. The results indicate that in the vertical orientation, twisted fins significantly improve the melting rate of the PCM compared to annular fins by alleviating the suppression of natural convection. In the horizontal orientation, twisted fins generate strong upward convection and weaker lateral convection. A fin twist angle of 35°is found to yield the highest melting enhancement, with average heat storage rates increasing by 10.7 % in the vertical and 14.8 % in the horizontal configurations, compared to annular fins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teardrop-like micro pin fin coated nanotube arrays chip for enhancement of flow boiling electronics cooling","authors":"Hongqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Quan Gao ,&nbsp;Xiang Ma ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Wangfang Du ,&nbsp;Caifeng Li ,&nbsp;Yonghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change flow boiling heat transfer in microchannel is a very efficient thermal management mode for high-power electronics/devices cooling. However, achieving comprehensive enhancement of flow boiling heat transfer performance at low power consumption is still challenging. Herein, we devised and manufactured a teardrop-like micro-pin-fin coated stable copper hydroxide nanotubes array chip surfaces (S-Nanotube), demonstrating their exceptional enhancement in flow boiling heat transfer efficiency. A series of experiments were conducted using HFE-7100 as a working fluid within a semi-open microchannel. Compared to the smooth surface, the critical heat flux (CHF) and the maximum boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the S-Nanotube is increased by 82.1 % (from 45.1 to 72.9 and then to 82.1 W/cm²) and 140.5 % (from 5955 to 11,325 and then to 14,316 W/m²·K) at extremely low-pressure drop (≤4 kPa), showing a high coefficient of performance (COP). The temperature of the onset of nucleate boiling on the S-Nanotube surface is reduced by 26.4 %, and the heat flux is greatly increased in a small wall temperature variations (Δ<em>T</em> ≤ 10 °C). In situ observation and analysis of the surface properties and the bubble dynamics, the S-Nanotube chip promotes the phase change heat transfer process by providing massive nucleation sites, reducing bubbles size and residence time, and enhancing the wicking wetting capacity. These findings provide guidance for the rational design of boiling heat transfer-enhanced surfaces and heat sinks and point the way to achieving efficient thermal management of power devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of thermal management system combining bionic fern-vein liquid channel with phase change materials for prismatic Lithium-ion battery","authors":"Lingyue Kong ,&nbsp;Jinquan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Yunhao Li ,&nbsp;Guiyue Kou ,&nbsp;Xiang Wen ,&nbsp;Jiang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingfei Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal management is crucial for prolonging the life and ensuring the safety of Lithium-ion battery. Two hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) are proposed, that paraffin-based phase change materials containing alkanes (PCM) are wrapped around bionic fern leaf vein channels or bionic fern leaf vein fins in cold plate. Then the thermal characteristic of cold plate, like non-bionic (NON-B), bionic fern-vein channel (BFC), and bionic fern-vein fin (BFF) were numerically investigated to evaluate the thermal performance of three distinct cold plates at different mass flow rates, fluid inlet temperatures, and ambient temperatures. The results indicated that the BFC (40.71 °C) cold plate reduced the maximum temperature more effectively than the BFF (41.26 °C) and NON-B (44.12 °C) plates, with maximum reductions of 7.7 % and 21.3 %, respectively. Additionally, compared to the BFF (21.6 Pa) and NON-B (33.1 Pa) plates, the BFC (14.2 Pa) cold plate achieved maximum reductions in pressure drop and pumping power by 57.1 % and 20.8 %, respectively. The heat transfer and flow resistance performance of the cold plates were evaluated using a dimensionless comprehensive thermal performance evaluation factor <em>j/f</em>. The <em>j/f</em> of BFC (5.82) increased by 390 % and 396 % compared to BFF (1.19) and NON-B (1.17), indicating that the BFC cold plate has the best comprehensive performance. The proposed BTMS can increase the contact area between PCM and cold plate through the integration of bionic fins, which improves the thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing electrospray cooling via electrode ring: An experimental and numerical study","authors":"H. Wan ,&nbsp;P.J. Liu ,&nbsp;F. Qin ,&nbsp;X.G. Wei ,&nbsp;G.Q. He ,&nbsp;W.Q. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospray cooling is a promising technique for its high heat transfer efficiency and extreme low coolant and energy consumption. However, few articles focused on the enhancement of electrospray cooling using auxiliary electrodes. Moreover, there is no article referring to the numerical model for electrospray cooling with auxiliary electrode. Herein, we develop a numerical model and set up an experimental system to explore the influence of electrode ring on electrospray cooling. Results demonstrate that the potential difference between the electrode ring voltage and the capillary voltage determines the electrospray mode, and the electrode ring can enlarge the atomization angle and increase the velocity of the atomized droplets, thereby intensifying electrospray heat transfer coefficient. When the electrode ring is grounded, the capillary-ring electric potential rises, causing both increases in charge density and average velocity of cone jet. When the total voltage is the same in the cone-jet mode, the grounding electrode ring can reduce the wall temperature by 7.5 %. In the cone-jet and multi-jet modes, the larger the total voltage of capillary tube and electrode ring, the better the cooling effect. Increasing the inner diameter of the electrode ring from 2 mm to 4 mm and 6 mm can respectively improve heat transfer coefficient by 49.3 % and 116.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic analysis of the influence of nanoparticle shape and solid-liquid interfacial layer density on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A molecular dynamics study on Cu-H2O nanofluids","authors":"Chenghang Li,&nbsp;Zhumei Luo,&nbsp;Shan Qing,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jielin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids are known for their excellent heat transfer properties, making the investigation of mechanisms to enhance thermal conductivity highly significant. Although previous studies have examined how thermal conductivity varies with temperature, nanoparticle shape, and volume fraction, detailed microscopic analyses of how nanoparticle shape and the interfacial layer between nanoparticles and the base fluid influence thermal conductivity remain limited. In this study, we focus on Cu-H₂O nanofluids, employing molecular dynamics combined with the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method to simulate the thermal conductivity under various conditions, including temperature, nanoparticle shape (with different surface area-to-volume ratios, S/V), and volume fraction. We observed that nanoparticles with higher surface area-to-volume (S/V) ratios significantly enhanced the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. For instance, as the S/V ratio increased from 0.31746 to 0.805, the thermal conductivity enhancement rate rose from 11 % to 30 %. Visualization and number density analyses revealed that the aggregation of water molecules around nanoparticles decreased with lower S/V ratios, as indicated by the reduction in peak number density from 0.0749333 to 0.0745075. This indicates that nanoparticle shape influences nanofluid thermal conductivity by altering the density of the solid-liquid interfacial layer. RDF analysis showed that in water-based nanofluids, the Cu-O peak position shifted closer to the nanoparticle surface as the volume fraction increased (e.g., for spherical nanoparticles, the peak shifted from 3.125 Å at 0.5 % to 2.925 Å at 2.5 %), revealing the microscopic mechanism by which increased volume fractions enhance thermal conductivity. Further analysis demonstrated that the S/V ratio of nanoparticles significantly affects the interfacial layer density, as reflected in the Cu-O g(r) peak height, which followed the order: sheet-like (1.21293) &gt; cubic (0.8675) &gt; spherical (0.83449) &gt; cylindrical (0.67553). This sequence corresponds to the S/V ratio and aligns with the observed trend in thermal conductivity. Finally, MSD analysis of dispersion performance indicated that the diffusion coefficients of nanoparticles were ordered as cylindrical (3.833), spherical (4.000), cubic (4.167), and sheet-like (4.525), consistent with their respective S/V ratios. These findings confirm that nanoparticle motion intensity, reflected by diffusion coefficients, is closely related to S/V ratios, further supporting the microscopic mechanism by which S/V ratios influence nanofluid thermal conductivity.This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between nanoparticle shape, interfacial density, and thermal conductivity, offering insights into the microscopic mechanisms and guiding future molecular dynamics studies of nanofluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid treated graphene-epoxy coating for spray cooling enhancement of light-emitting diode","authors":"Chieh C. Woo,&nbsp;Yew M. Hung,&nbsp;Ming K. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally-treated graphene-epoxy coatings not only allow rapid water permeation but also increase the durability of the coating. Therefore, these coatings have been extensively used in phase-change heat-transfer applications. In this study, we reported a further improvement in water permeation rate of graphene-epoxy coating by using a hybrid-treatment, which involves a sequential treatment consisting of plasma-treatment and thermal-treatment. With the hybrid-treatment, we observe up to 99% and 87% decrease in water permeation time, when compare to untreated and thermally-treated graphene-epoxy coatings, respectively. This decrease in water permeation time can be primarily attributed to a dramatic increase in surface roughness (125% and 90% for the untreated and thermally-treated coatings) as well as the increase in silver concentration on the coating surface, leading to rapid spreading of the droplet. By depositing a single droplet on the untreated and hybrid-treated graphene-epoxy coatings, it can be seen that by increasing the temperature of the graphene-epoxy coatings to that near the boiling point of water can lead to higher increase in heat removal rates. Using a simple spray system for the cooling of a light-emitting diode that operates at the boiling point of water, we observe 38% and 25% increase of heat transfer coefficients when the deionized aerosols deposited on the hybrid-treated coatings compared to the uncoated surface and thermal-treated coating, respectively. Since the atmospheric pressure plasma can be generated easily, the cost to conduct plasma-treatment is relatively low compared to thermal-treatment, particularly that via corona discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of film hole layout on turbine endwall along conjugate temperature gradient","authors":"Xing He,&nbsp;Yuhao Jia,&nbsp;Yongbao Liu,&nbsp;Ge Xia,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Hang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A layout of film holes on the endwall, based on conjugate temperature gradient lines, is proposed. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to measure the overall cooling effectiveness of the endwall surface with different film hole layouts. The effects of mass flow ratio, temperature ratio, and turbine expansion ratio were analyzed. And the dynamic cooling performance of film holes arranged along the temperature gradient was obtained. The layout of film holes along the temperature gradient removes obstructions to the cooling airflow. Case3 demonstrated superior cooling ability than other layouts, attributed to both a tighter connection of cooling jets and a more uniform distribution of overall cooling effectiveness across the affected area. An increase in mass flow rate enhances the local blowing ratio, improving cooling capability within a certain range. However, when the blowing ratio exceeds a specific threshold, it leads to flow separation between the film holes, which adversely affects cooling performance. As the temperature ratio increases, the overall cooling effectiveness decreases in regions both far from and affected by the influence of film cooling, but the latter experiences a smaller relative reduction. Additionally, an increase in the expansion ratio reduces the area of high cooling effectiveness near the hole outlets and diminishes overall cooling effectiveness downstream of these outlets. Furthermore, a greater expansion ratio correlates with a more pronounced decline in overall cooling effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow characteristic and solidification behavior in laser wire deposition with assistance of ultra-high frequency induction (UHF)","authors":"Qin Wang,&nbsp;Yongjun Shi,&nbsp;Kaijun Fan,&nbsp;Shuyao Wang,&nbsp;Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UHF induction-assisted laser (UHFIAL) deposition is extensively regarded as an effective method in suppressing defects which causes by concentrated thermal input. The introduced induction heat not only can alleviate the temperature gradient of the molten pool but also refine the grain size of microstructure. To further understand the complicated influence mechanism of contactless induction heat on the hybrid deposition, a 3D numerical model coupled with multi-physical fields such as heat transfer, fluid flow, composition transport is developed. The results show that the induction heat slightly increases the maximum temperature of the molten pool and plays a role in slow-cooling effect for the deposited track. The electromagnetic stirring effect derived from electromagnetic force alters the flow pattern of the liquid metal, accelerating the flow velocity of the molten metal in the molten pool. Research on the inductive heating parameters indicates that increasing the current intensity/frequency can improve the maxim temperature of the molten pool and accelerate the flow velocity of the molten metal. The grain morphology and trends in the microstructure evolution can be effectively predicted by combining of cooling rate G∗R and shape control factor K, which is experimentally and numerically validated. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, increasing the current frequency/intensity can both effectively refine the grain size of microstructure. The samples exhibit better wear performance due to fine grain strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on mini-channel heat exchangers with honeycomb modular structure: Design principles and convective heat transfer","authors":"Zhao-Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Si-Cong Tan,&nbsp;Jia-Min Zhu,&nbsp;Cong Guo,&nbsp;Yu-Yan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of micro/mini channels in heat exchangers can significantly enhance the heat transfer coefficient, reduce equipment size, and lower manufacturing costs. However, challenges such as manufacturing difficulties and scalability limitations remain. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel assembly structure based on a honeycomb configuration, using modular cores, each containing a bundle of stainless steel tubes with an outer diameter of 3 mm and an inner diameter of 2 mm. A water-to-water heat transfer experiment system was established to investigate the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of the heat exchanger within the shell-side Reynolds number range of 200–1400. The results indicate that the prototype exhibits a shell-side heat transfer coefficient five times higher than that of conventional shell and tube heat exchangers, although the shell-side friction factor is correspondingly increased. The tube bundle structure was simplified using a porous media and dual-cell model, and CFD analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism through which the presence of blocking tubes enhances heat transfer performance. Furthermore, the causes of excessive shell-side resistance were analyzed, and an improved structure was designed to effectively reduce shell-side flow resistance. The design principles for this type of heat exchanger were proposed, providing a foundation for the further development of large-scale power heat exchangers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}