International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal performance of fin-enhanced PCM-based temperature regulation system for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Suraj Rana,&nbsp;Rajan Kumar,&nbsp;Rabinder Singh Bharj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) are an attractive choice; however, an effective cooling system is necessary to prevent these batteries from overheating during charging or discharging in hot temperature regions. Maintaining the optimum temperature limit is essential for their better performance and extended cycle life. Phase change material (PCM) is a material capable of being used for passive battery thermal management systems (BTMS), but its low thermal conductivity (<em>k</em>) is the main drawback. The present study proposes a novel fins-enhanced PCM-based system as a potential BTMS. The proposed BTMS maintains the maximum temperature (<em>T</em>_max) within optimum limits. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the novel passive fins-enhanced PCM cooling provides superior cooling performance compared to pure PCM and only fins cooling. The novel BTMS decreases the maximum average temperature (<em>T</em>_{avg, max}) by 6 % compared to PCM cooling and by 20.53 % compared to fins cooling at a 3C discharge rate. The developed simulation model is further used to analyze the effects of PCM melting temperature, discharge rates, cell spacing, and ambient temperatures (<em>T</em>_a) on proposed BTMS performance. The results show that the present novel BTMS maintains the battery temperature within optimum limits even at a high 5C discharge rate. Increasing cell spacing lowers the <em>T</em>_{avg, max}, but enhances the BTMS weight and cost. The study indicates that the melting temperature of the PCM significantly influences its thermal performance, with optimal cooling achieved when the melting point is approximately 3 °C higher than the <em>T</em>_a. The study concludes that PCM-35 is suitable for optimum thermal management when <em>T</em>_a is below 35 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the group method of data handling neural network, and the MOGWO meta-heuristic algorithm to predict the thermophysical properties, heat transfer, and friction factor of magnetic nanofluids in a heat sink under a magnetic field","authors":"Yaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Jia ,&nbsp;M. Piromradian ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;Ameni Brahmia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to use the group method of data handling (GMDH) neural network and the MOGWO meta-heuristic algorithm to predict the thermophysical properties, heat transfer, and friction factor of magnetic nanofluids in a heat sink under a magnetic field. The GMDH neural network and the MOGWO meta-heuristic algorithm are combined in this study. The ANN is first fed the experimental data. To better match the expected results with the experimental data and decrease the error, the meta-heuristic method tweaks the ANN's hyperparameters. By adjusting the number of iterations and associated aspects, which greatly affect the effectiveness of meta-heuristic algorithms, this situation was optimized. To find the best mode, we compare them using two metrics: R and RMSE. It was found that, as the Reynolds number increases, the fluid flow changes from a laminar state to a mixed or mixed-solid state. These changes lead to an increase in convection heat transfer, which increases the Nusselt number. Also, in laminar flows, due to the parallel and regular movement of the layers, there is less resistance to the flow, and as a result, the friction factor decreases. As the volume fraction increases, more collisions occur between solid particles and the pipe walls, which leads to an increase in the friction factor. The optimal prediction for <em>Nu</em> is achieved with 80 wolves and 300 iterations. Additionally, the most accurate FF prediction is attained with 50 wolves and 200 iterations. Finally, this situation may cause the flow pattern to change from a calm state to a turbulent state, which will result in a higher friction factor. On the other hand, by reducing the volume fraction, the amount of collision of solid particles with the walls will be reduced and the flow will be calmer and more stable. This suggests that the algorithms were successful in predicting the behavior of the experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110318"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal diffusivity measurements using dual probe Scanning Thermal Microscopy","authors":"Jan Martinek ,&nbsp;Václav Hortvík ,&nbsp;Miroslav Valtr ,&nbsp;Petr Klapetek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel dual probe Scanning Thermal Microscopy setup and methodology for addressing measurements of thermal diffusivity using two microscale thermal probes placed at mutual distance between 1 to <span><math><mrow><mn>60</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, monitoring propagation of heat pulses from one probe to another one through the studied sample. It is shown that even if the measured heat pulses are very weak in this configuration, they can be measured if the heat transfer via air is reduced by measuring in vacuum, radiative heat transfer is reduced by suitable measurement protocol and many pulses are averaged. Resulting signals show the expected dependencies and thermal diffusivity can be evaluated from them with a help of a numerical modeling. Diffusivity measurements are demonstrated on glasses and polymer samples and potential uncertainty sources are identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of size-dependent thermal conductivity on heat transfer and fluid flow in TiC-reinforced nanocomposites during moving annular laser melting","authors":"Chenhan Lu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser surface processing of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) has attracted extensive attention due to its potential for high-precision fabrication and microstructural tailoring. However, the thermal transport mechanisms influenced by the size-dependent thermal conductivity of nanoparticles remain insufficiently understood, especially in molten pools where strong thermal gradients and fluid flow coexist. To address this challenge, this study investigates the heat transfer and melt pool dynamics of TiC-reinforced Ti6Al4V MMNCs using the double distribution lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), supported by theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and experimental validation. A size-dependent thermal conductivity model for TiC nanoparticles is established, incorporating both phonon and electron contributions as well as interfacial scattering effects. Comparative simulations at a particle diameter of 50 nm reveal notable differences in thermal and flow fields between the size-dependent and conventional models. Additionally, varying the nanoparticle diameter (30 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm) demonstrates that reduced particle size significantly lowers thermal conductivity, intensifies thermal accumulation, and elevates the melt pool temperature. Increased viscosity further suppresses Marangoni convection and reduces convective heat loss. These effects ultimately lead to an enlarged molten pool area with smaller particles. The results highlight the critical influence of nanoparticle-scale thermal conductivity on heat-fluid coupling and melt morphology, offering theoretical insight for tailoring nanoparticle properties and enhancing process control in nanocomposite laser processing. This study provides practical guidance for selecting appropriate particle sizes to improve melt pool stability, thermal efficiency, and geometric accuracy in laser surface processing of MMNCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic optimization of fish-shaped pin fins and non-uniform aspect ratios for enhanced hotspot thermal management","authors":"Ci Ao ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hotspot thermal management in high power density electronic devices presents a critical scientific challenge, as efficient heat dissipation is essential for ensuring reliable performance and longevity of such systems. This study innovatively proposes three novel microchannel cooling architectures: bio-inspired fish-shaped pin fins channels, non-uniform aspect ratio channels, and their hybrid configuration. The influence of structural parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics was quantitatively analyzed, with comparative evaluations against conventional rectangular microchannels. Results demonstrate that the fish-shaped pin fins configuration significantly enhances average heat transfer coefficient (32.4 % enhancement) through fluid acceleration and vortex shedding effects.This configuration also achieves superior temperature uniformity (52.2 % enhancement) and hotspot temperature reduction (17.5 % decrease). Furthermore, the non-uniform aspect ratio design optimizes shear layer separation and reattachment, reducing hotspot temperatures by 16.9 % without additional flow resistance. The hybrid architecture combines the advantages of both designs, showing exceptional thermal-hydraulic performance under ultra-high heat flux (1200 W/cm²). Hotspot temperatures remain below 360 K, with a 31 % reduction in total thermal resistance (0.21 cm² K/W), a 69.1 % improvement in temperature uniformity, and a 44.6 % increase in the heat transfer coefficient. Although the pressure drop increases by 96.9 % (33.6 kPa), the overall performance surpasses conventional designs. Finally, Transformer-MLP model attains R² ≥ 0.993 across four thermal performance metrics, enabling rapid, accurate prediction and parameter optimization. This integrated numerical and machine learning approach delivers a compact, high-efficiency cooling solution with strong potential for 5G base stations and high-power lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of innovative mini-channel heat sinks, influence of flow path geometry and inlet-outlet distribution on hydrothermal performance","authors":"Noor Ahmed Ammar,&nbsp;Basim Freegah,&nbsp;Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern electrical systems confront rising thermal challenges due to the large increase in heat density, which calls for the development of more effective and efficient cooling technologies; therefore, the current study aims to investigate six new mini-channel heat sink models, concentrating on the influence of flow path design and inlet and outlet distribution on thermal and hydraulic performance. The first track of the study covers three channel path designs: a multi-channel heat sink (Traditional Model), a serpentine mini-channel heat sink (Model A), and a semi-multi-serpentine channel heat sink (Model B). The second track displays three different inlet and outlet distributions based on Model B: one central inlet with two side exits (Model C), two side inlets with two center exits (Model D), and two center inlets with two side exits (Model E). The geometric models were built using SolidWorks 2021, while numerical analysis and simulation were conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2024 R1, according to the finite volume approach. The study comprised the evaluation of Nusselt number, thermal resistance, pressure loss, and overall performance factor throughout a range of Reynolds numbers (935–1683) and under a constant temperature (298 K) water flow and a heat intensity up to 20,000 W/m². The results showed that Model B achieved the highest average Nusselt number values (26.55) and lowest thermal resistance (0.05 k/w), outperforming the Traditional Model in average overall performance factor by 1.49 at moderate pressure drops (1029.68 Pa), making it the best in terms of balance between thermal and hydraulic performance. The multi-inlet and multi-outlet models (C, D, and E) displayed enhanced hydraulic performance, Model D having the greatest average overall performance factor by 1.27 compared to Model B, thanks to its bidirectional symmetrical flow, which helped reduce heat difference and maintain low-pressure loss. This study underlines the crucial role of flow path design and inlet and outlet layout in increasing the performance of mini-channel heat sinks and provides a scientific basis for creating more efficient cooling solutions for current electronic devices. These results will contribute to the development of integrated heat management systems for the next generation of high-performance electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance study of a hydrophilic surface-treated jet microchannel liquid cooling system for chip heat dissipation","authors":"Qinglin Xie,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Minqiang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet cooling is one of the most promising solutions for high-performance chip thermal management. However, traditional jet cooling primarily focuses on the influence of macrostructures on its performance, with an emphasis on flow characteristics or heat transfer coefficients, while studies on the effects of microstructures remain relatively limited. This paper proposes a hydrophilic surface-treated jet microchannel liquid cooling system for chip heat dissipation, which introduces hydrophilic surface to enhance the jet microchannel cooling for heat transfer under single-phase flow. The microstructure of the hydrophilic surface is studied using microscopic surface characterization techniques (SEM, EDS, and contact angle measurements) to analyze the influence of the hydrophilic surface on heat transfer behavior. Additionally, experimental investigations are conducted to examine the effect of different jet parameters on the system's performance. The results show that the hydrophilic copper surface forms the micro-/nano-structures dominated by copper oxide (CuO), significantly improving surface roughness and wettability. The heat transfer performance of hydrophilic surface-treated jet microchannel liquid cooling system is enhanced, particularly under lower flow rate. At a heat source power of 1000W and a flow rate of 1.0 L/min, the average temperature of the heat source decreases by 11.23 °C, resulting in a 14.09 % improvement in heat transfer performance. The pump power consumption increases by 4.89 %, while the comprehensive performance is enhanced by 28.44 %. As the flow rate increases from 1.0L/min to 3.0L/min, the heat source temperature reduction decreases from 23.36 % to 4.09 %, and the increase in Nusselt number (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) decreases from 25.57 % to 3.16 %. Additionally, the heat source temperature initially decreases and then increases with the increase in orifice spacing, while it decreases as the jet height decreases. At a flow rate of 1.5 L/min and a heat source power of 1000W, the hydrophilic surface-treated jet microchannel liquid cooling system achieves optimal comprehensive performance when orifice spacing is 6 mm and jet height is 1 mm, with a comprehensive performance evaluation criteria of 1.96.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Al2O3-TiN stacked microstructures for broadband solar absorbers","authors":"Mengjiao Cui ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Qu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengfa Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the urgent demand for efficient solar energy harvesting, we propose a broadband absorber based on a simple stacked microstructure composed of Ti, Al₂O₃, and TiN. The designed structure features concentric Al₂O₃-TiN annular disks layered on a titanium substrate and demonstrates ultra-wideband absorption from 200 to 3201 nm, with an average absorptivity of 97.2 %. Finite-difference time-domain method reveals that the absorber maintains high efficiency across various incident and polarization angles, thanks to its symmetric geometry. Field distribution analyses confirm that the superior absorption performance arises from the synergistic effects of localized surface plasmon resonance and dielectric cavity resonance. Furthermore, the absorber exhibits excellent thermal radiation performance at 1000 K. These results indicate that it is well suited for use in solar thermal photovoltaic systems and has significant application potential in areas such as solar cells, solar collectors, thermal radiators, and photothermal conversion technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric characteristics and radiative heat flux at the downstream centerline and lateral ground for propane and methane diffusion flames under strong wind environments","authors":"Kun Zhao,&nbsp;Situo Li,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Tong Cui,&nbsp;Zhirong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geometric characteristics and radiative heat flux delivered to the downstream centerline and lateral ground for diffusion flames under wind environments were investigated in the present study. A series of combustion experiments were conducted with a 0.1m square gas burner, using propane and methane as fuel. Under the coupling effect of wind momentum and buoyancy, flame base drag length (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and inclination angle (<span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow></math></span>) show an opposite trend with increasing wind velocity. In addition, a considerable difference exists between the geometric characteristics of propane and methane flames. Using the specific upward acceleration derived from the centerline trajectories of propane and methane flames, unified correlations to predict the geometric parameters of propane and methane flames were proposed. The radiative heat flux at the downstream centerline and lateral ground peaks at a downstream location (<span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span>) close to the trailing edge of the flame base drag. The effect of wind velocity and fuel flow rate on the flame radiation at the downstream centerline stems from changes in local flame emissivity. Flame radiation delivered to the lateral ground at <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> increases with wind velocity due to the increased view factor. At <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, the effect of wind velocity on the flame radiation depends on the fuel flow rate. Based on a simplified flame model, the radiative heat flux at different positions was reasonably predicted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning driven ultra-broadband solar absorber based on Ti–Si3N4 composite multilayer structure","authors":"Yihao Zhao ,&nbsp;Rundong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangfu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient harvesting and utilization of solar energy is a key strategy for addressing the global energy crisis. However, current solar absorbers still require improvements in both broadband spectral response and absorption efficiency. In this work, we propose a novel composite stacked structure and optimize its structural parameters using deep learning to achieve a near-ideal absorption spectrum. The absorber unit cell utilizes titanium (Ti) substrate and integrates Ti-Si₃N₄ stacked four-lobed structure, Ti arc-faced cubic pillars structure and Ti cylindrical structure. To facilitate device design and achieve near-perfect absorption spectra, we construct a deep learning-based design methodology and establish an inverse mapping between the ideal absorption spectra and structural parameters. The mean squared error (MSE) between the designed and target spectra based on the optimized structural parameters is on the order of 10⁻⁴. Simulation results show the design achieves an average absorption of 99.06 % in the 310–3010 nm, with absorption consistently above 95 % across a 2700 nm bandwidth. The solar absorption efficiency reaches 98.75 % under the AM1.5 conditions. In terms of thermal radiation performance, it achieves a thermal emission efficiency of 99.44 % at 1300 K operating temperature, demonstrating excellent photothermal conversion capabilities. Moreover, the proposed solar absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity and wide-angle tolerance, and maintains high absorption across a wide range of structural parameter variations, indicating good fault tolerance. Thus, our design holds significant potential for applications in efficient solar energy collection, photothermal conversion, and thermal radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}