Experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal performance of fin-enhanced PCM-based temperature regulation system for lithium-ion batteries

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110311

Suraj Rana, Rajan Kumar, Rabinder Singh Bharj

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal performance of fin-enhanced PCM-based temperature regulation system for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Suraj Rana, Rajan Kumar, Rabinder Singh Bharj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110311","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) are an attractive choice; however, an effective cooling system is necessary to prevent these batteries from overheating during charging or discharging in hot temperature regions. Maintaining the optimum temperature limit is essential for their better performance and extended cycle life. Phase change material (PCM) is a material capable of being used for passive battery thermal management systems (BTMS), but its low thermal conductivity (k) is the main drawback. The present study proposes a novel fins-enhanced PCM-based system as a potential BTMS. The proposed BTMS maintains the maximum temperature (Tmax) within optimum limits. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the novel passive fins-enhanced PCM cooling provides superior cooling performance compared to pure PCM and only fins cooling. The novel BTMS decreases the maximum average temperature (Tavg, max) by 6 % compared to PCM cooling and by 20.53 % compared to fins cooling at a 3C discharge rate. The developed simulation model is further used to analyze the effects of PCM melting temperature, discharge rates, cell spacing, and ambient temperatures (Ta) on proposed BTMS performance. The results show that the present novel BTMS maintains the battery temperature within optimum limits even at a high 5C discharge rate. Increasing cell spacing lowers the Tavg, max, but enhances the BTMS weight and cost. The study indicates that the melting temperature of the PCM significantly influences its thermal performance, with optimal cooling achieved when the melting point is approximately 3 °C higher than the Ta. The study concludes that PCM-35 is suitable for optimum thermal management when Ta is below 35 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072925006349","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) are an attractive choice; however, an effective cooling system is necessary to prevent these batteries from overheating during charging or discharging in hot temperature regions. Maintaining the optimum temperature limit is essential for their better performance and extended cycle life. Phase change material (PCM) is a material capable of being used for passive battery thermal management systems (BTMS), but its low thermal conductivity (k) is the main drawback. The present study proposes a novel fins-enhanced PCM-based system as a potential BTMS. The proposed BTMS maintains the maximum temperature (T_max) within optimum limits. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the novel passive fins-enhanced PCM cooling provides superior cooling performance compared to pure PCM and only fins cooling. The novel BTMS decreases the maximum average temperature (T_{avg, max}) by 6 % compared to PCM cooling and by 20.53 % compared to fins cooling at a 3C discharge rate. The developed simulation model is further used to analyze the effects of PCM melting temperature, discharge rates, cell spacing, and ambient temperatures (T_a) on proposed BTMS performance. The results show that the present novel BTMS maintains the battery temperature within optimum limits even at a high 5C discharge rate. Increasing cell spacing lowers the T_{avg, max}, but enhances the BTMS weight and cost. The study indicates that the melting temperature of the PCM significantly influences its thermal performance, with optimal cooling achieved when the melting point is approximately 3 °C higher than the T_a. The study concludes that PCM-35 is suitable for optimum thermal management when T_a is below 35 °C.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

锂离子电池翅片增强型pcm温度调节系统热性能的实验与数值研究

电动汽车中的可充电锂离子电池（LiBs）是一个有吸引力的选择；然而，一个有效的冷却系统是必要的，以防止这些电池在高温地区充电或放电时过热。保持最佳的温度限制是必不可少的，他们更好的性能和延长循环寿命。相变材料（PCM）是一种能够用于无源电池热管理系统（BTMS）的材料，但其热导率(k)低是其主要缺点。本研究提出了一种新型的鳍增强pcm系统作为潜在的BTMS。所提出的BTMS将最高温度（Tmax）保持在最佳范围内。实验和仿真结果表明，与纯PCM和仅鳍片冷却相比，新型被动翅片增强PCM冷却具有更好的冷却性能。与PCM冷却相比，新型BTMS在3C放电速率下将最高平均温度（Tavg, max）降低了6%，与翅片冷却相比降低了20.53%。利用所建立的仿真模型进一步分析了PCM熔化温度、放电速率、电池间距和环境温度（Ta）对BTMS性能的影响。结果表明，即使在高5C放电速率下，新型BTMS也能将电池温度保持在最佳范围内。增加单元间距降低了Tavg， max，但增加了BTMS的重量和成本。研究表明，PCM的熔化温度对其热性能有显著影响，当熔点比Ta高约3℃时冷却效果最佳。研究得出结论，当Ta低于35℃时，PCM-35适用于最佳热管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.