International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Ray tracing core accelerated high performance implementation for infrared radiation signature simulation using reverse Monte Carlo method","authors":"Jiaan Liu ,&nbsp;Qitai Eri ,&nbsp;Bo Kong ,&nbsp;Jifeng Huang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared radiation signature is a key characteristic of target and useful for many inverse analyses. Specially, infrared radiation signature simulation plays an increasingly important role in the field of stealth design of air-vehicle and target identification. To improve the simulation efficiency while ensure accuracy, this study presents two novel implementations based on reverse Monte Carlo method. For the first time, hardware ray tracing cores (RT cores) are leveraged to accelerate infrared calculation considering heterogeneous participating media and walls, which is the key innovation compared to the conventional method that only using CUDA cores for acceleration. The first novel method, termed RT method, determines the intersections using bounding volume hierarchy tree (BVH) that implemented on RT cores throughout computational process. Whereas the other, termed CUDA-RT method, determines the intersections between rays and boundaries based on BVH tree that implemented on RT cores, other intersection calculations are done with the help of the adjacency relationships between the grids and are implemented on CUDA cores. Additionally, an improved ray-intersection method is proposed to address complex meshes. A comparison between the numerical and experimental infrared radiation signatures of a rocket-plume case showed the high accuracy of the novel methods. Moreover, a series of numerical examples indicate that both novel methods significantly improved the computational efficiency. Specifically, the CUDA-RT method has the minimum calculation time, approximately 10 % of the reference method with a small additional GPU memory overhead, facilitating improved stealth design and target identification capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic wind induced by elementary needle-ring structure under varying temperature-humidity conditions","authors":"J.G. Qu ,&nbsp;Y.S. Chen ,&nbsp;J.F. Zhang ,&nbsp;X. Zhao ,&nbsp;L.M. Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic wind is an emerging technique for air supply and heat-transfer enhancement, but it is affected by the ambient temperature and humidity significantly. Current studies mainly focus on the discharge characteristics, whereas research on the coupling mechanism of discharge and ionic-wind output under varying temperature-humidity conditions is quite scarce. In this study, a needle-ring ionic wind generator is used to clarify the variations and their internal correlation mechanisms of the transient, volt-ampere, and wind-velocity output characteristics of discharging in varying temperature-humidity environments. The results indicate humidity reduces the Trichel-pulse frequency, contracts the frequency-fluctuation range, and increases the pulse amplitudes and the transition voltage of Trichel pulse to pulse-free glow. The vapor condensation on the emitter produces the opposite effect. The above two factors are in constant competition with each other, affecting the discharging, but both cause the pulse amplitude non-uniformity to increase. Temperature plays a role in regulating the relative strength of effects of humidity and vapor condensation. As humidity increases, the ionic wind velocity remains relatively stable when the relative humidity is below 40 %. However, it gradually rises once the relative humidity exceeds 40 %. The maximum increase in wind velocity reaches 0.34 m⋅s⁻¹ as the relative humidity rises from 60 % to 95 %. Notably, higher temperatures reduce the rate of increase in wind velocity with rising humidity. This study can be a guide for designing ionic wind devices operating under varying ambient conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and thermal performance analysis of direct cooling plates with multi-splitting-merging channels for electric-vehicle battery thermal management","authors":"Yubo Lian ,&nbsp;Heping Ling ,&nbsp;Gan Song ,&nbsp;Keyu Gong ,&nbsp;Chao Fan ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Bin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-channel battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on refrigerant direct cooling has the characteristics of high cooling efficiency and excellent temperature uniformity. It is expected to alleviate the problems of a large amount of heat generation and excessively high local temperature of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles during the rapid charge and discharge process. In practical applications, the cooling effect of the direct cooling method is closely related to the dimension and distribution of the mini-channels on the direct cooling plate (DCP). However, the large number of mini-channels and their intricate dimension and distribution pose challenges to both experimental research and numerical modeling. Therefore, in order to analyze the heat transfer performance of the large-format and multi-splitting-merging DCP, this study firstly integrated the correlation algorithm and the tensor operator to establish a novel model of two-phase refrigerant heat transfer. After comparison with the experimental results, this study analyzed the causes of local overheating of a mass-produced DCP. To eliminate the overheated zone, this study proposed an optimization criteria on the dimension and distribution of the mini-channels of DCP. After optimization, the maximum temperature of the DCP is reduced from 42 °C to 31 °C, the maximum temperature difference is less than 5 °C, and the pressure drop of the DCP is reduced from 95 kPa to 72 kPa. The optimized DCP could increase the charge/discharge cycle life of lithium-ion batteries by 30.7 %, and reduce the energy consumption of the compressor by 6.4 % in comparison with the mass-produced DCP. These results can potentially provide a promising thermal management solution for lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared camouflage based on In3SbTe2 for dynamic thermal management","authors":"Zhiying Chen ,&nbsp;Kaihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Yu ,&nbsp;Junbo Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving low emissivity in infrared detection bands is an effective means of infrared camouflage. However, in complex environments, the modulation of surface temperature is also crucial to improve the effectiveness of IR camouflage. In this study, a tunable multilayer thermal emitter (TMTE) is proposed to maintain the low emissivity in the infrared (IR) detection band while realizing the dynamic regulation of the radiative heat dissipation in the non-atmospheric window (NAW, 5–8 μm) by modulating the crystalline and amorphous phase transitions of the phase change material In₃SbTe₂ (IST). The TMTE consists of Ge/Al₂O₃/Ge/IST/Ag layer, which utilizes the phase transition property of IST to regulate the emissivity in the mid-wave (MWIR, 3–5 μm), long-wave (LWIR, 8–14 μm) and NAW bands. In its crystalline state the TMTE achieves high emissivity in the NAW, aiding heat dissipation when the target temperature is above the background. When the background temperature is higher than that of the target, it can be switched to the amorphous state. The TMTE at this point achieves a low average emissivity in the NAW band, in order to minimizes heat loss. Simulated thermal images of these two modes demonstrate effective IR stealth in different temperature ranges, demonstrating the potential of this TMTE for adaptable, multi-band infrared camouflage. This adjustable emissivity provides robust multi-band IR camouflage adapted to environmental conditions, offering new insights into IR stealth technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-resistance modeling of free convection in metal foam for electronics cooling","authors":"N. Dukhan ,&nbsp;H. Klatzke ,&nbsp;M. Liang ,&nbsp;M. Ghannam ,&nbsp;D. Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal foams have been investigated for both forced and free convection heat transfer applications. However, there appear to be no engineering models for determining the thermal resistance of metal foams when used in free convection. In this paper, a new engineering model is presented to fill this gap. The model is developed from first principles of heat transfer and the concept of thermal resistance network. It identifies the various resistances present inside the foam, and the associated temperature difference for each resistance. A few coefficients were needed to calibrate the model, and they were determined from experimental data on an actual aluminum foam sample having 20 pores per inch (ppi) and a porosity of 76.4 %. The dimensions of the foam sample were 109 mm by 110 mm by 20 mm. The sample was subjected to three heat fluxes: 884.1 W/m², 1217.7 W/m² and 1884.9 W/m², and was cooled by room air. Subsequently, the model of the thermal resistance of the foam was validated by further experiments on three foam samples having different materials and morphological properties. These samples included aluminum and copper foam, and had porosities in the range 74.5 %–78.0 %. There was very good agreement between the thermal resistances of the foam as predicted by the model and their experimental counterparts. The heated wall temperature was predicted by the model within reasonable error. The model allows optimization of metal foam in terms of pore density and porosity for free convection. The model also shows that no advantage is gained by using copper foam as opposed to aluminum foam for passive cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon tunneling mechanism and performance analysis of near-field thermophotovoltaic system with plasmonic emitter","authors":"Song Li ,&nbsp;Guoyun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiduo Dong ,&nbsp;Junming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Performance of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system can be significantly improved by incorporating photon tunneling. In the near-field thermophotovoltaic system (NF-TPV) containing plasmonic emitter, where surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited at the vacuum-plasmonic emitter interface may couple with total internal reflection (TR) mode to result in the TR-SPPs mode, or other electromagnetic modes. In this work, we investigate the photon tunneling mechanism and its impact on the performance of NF-TPV system with plasmonic emitter. Analytical formula of the dispersion relation of the TR-SPPs mode is derived. The mechanism of self-coupled SPPs mode is clarified. These mechanisms undergo transitions at different separation distances. As the distance decreases, TR-SPPs mode is suppressed, while the self-coupled SPPs mode progressively assumes a dominant role, which significantly enhances the spectral radiative heat flux surpassing the bandgap. The spectral changes increase the power density as the distance decreases. Especially, the efficiency can be significantly improved when NFRHT is primarily mediated by the self-coupled SPPs mode. These findings enhance the comprehension of photon tunneling mechanism and provide guidance for NF-TPV system design and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT investigation of urea crystal structures for frost analysis","authors":"A. Labuschagne,&nbsp;T. Zhu,&nbsp;W. Rohlfs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost formation poses a significant challenge to the design and efficiency of air-source evaporator units. To model frost formation, a detailed understanding of the evolving three-dimensional microstructures that influence thermal and mass transport properties is essential. However, direct measurement of frost microstructures remains challenging. This study demonstrates that Micro-CT, combined with finite-element modelling, is a viable method for evaluating transport properties in complex microstructures. Using urea mushy layers as a stable, non-melting analogue, we successfully validated the methodology by resolving microstructural influences on thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity.</div><div>Our results highlight the significant role of structural complexity in transport behaviour, with ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ formations influencing heat and mass transfer differently. Deviations of at least 26.6 % between measured properties and predictions from empirical bulk-property models confirm that conventional approaches fail to capture the effects of structural heterogeneity. While these findings do not directly translate to frost formation, the validated methodology offers a foundation for improving frost prediction models by incorporating high-resolution structural data, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of thermal system designs in frost-prone environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the coupled thermo-electro-osmotic transport in asymmetrically charged nanochannels","authors":"Muhammad Farhan ,&nbsp;Wenyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuwang Wang ,&nbsp;Cunlu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluidic thermo-diffusion, encompassing both thermo-electric and thermo-osmotic effects, is gaining increasing attention for applications in low-grade thermal energy conversion, bio-molecular sensing, charge separation, and desalination. However, the influence of asymmetric surface charge density in thermally-driven nanochannel configurations has remained largely unexplored. This study presents a computational investigation using the extended Nernst–Planck–Poisson–Navier–Stokes and energy equations to examine the effects of Debye length and surface charge configurations (unipolar vs. bipolar) on thermo-electro-osmotic characteristics in nanochannels. Two electrolyte solutions, NaCl and NaI, were assessed, with a focus on ion-specific thermophobic and thermophilic behaviors. The results reveal that unipolar channels show a strong dependence on the Debye length, with significant effects on short-circuit current and Seebeck coefficient, while bipolar configurations exhibit rectified and monotonic behavior that is largely independent of surface charge density. Thermo-osmotic coefficients, evaluated under both short- and open-circuit conditions, demonstrate that bipolar channels accumulate responses with decreasing Debye length, contrasting with the discrete shifts observed in unipolar channels. The superior thermophoretic properties of <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>I</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> in NaI solutions consistently lead to higher performance compared to NaCl, particularly in specific bipolar configurations. These findings underscore the critical role of surface charge polarity and ionic mobility in influencing the magnitude and direction of thermo-electro-osmotic responses, highlighting the potential of asymmetric nanochannels to achieve controlled ionic transport and rectification. This work provides essential insights for the design of next-generation nanofluidic devices and advances our understanding of thermally-driven transport phenomena in nanofluidic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forced convection in laminar flow with nonlinear viscoelastic fluids in non-circular ducts including viscous dissipation: Giesekus fluids","authors":"Gonzalo D. Álvarez,&nbsp;Mario F. Letelier,&nbsp;Dennis A. Siginer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat transfer enhancement for a steady, laminar, incompressible and axially fully developed flow of nonlinear viscoelastic shear-thinning fluids abiding by the Giesekus constitutive structure in straight microtubes of arbitrary non-circular contour under constant heat flux at the walls is investigated. The governing equations are solved based on an embedded double asymptotic series expansion pivoted around the elasticity measure Weissenberg number <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span> and a mapping parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi><mtext>.</mtext></mrow></math></span> The effects of the constitutive parameters of the Giesekus model as well as the dimensionless flow parameters on the flow and heat transfer in microtubes of a wide-ranging spectrum of non-circular cross-sectional contours are investigated. The flow and thermal fields of representative tubes with equilateral triangular, square, rectangular, and pentagonal cross-sections are investigated in detail. The analysis reveals that the constitutive mobility parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span>, viscosity ratio <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span> and the Weissenberg number <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span> significantly influence the Nusselt number <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> together with the flow characteristics, the Péclet <em>Pe</em>, Brinkman <em>Br</em> and Reynolds <em>Re</em> numbers. Effects of the viscous dissipation in wall cooling and wall heating is studied. At a given value of <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span> heat transfer is enhanced regardless the process considered at the boundary. In all cases, heat transfer is improved compared to Newtonian fluids, with the strongest enhancement observed in rectangular microtubes for low-inertia flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of wall materials on flow and thermal performance of S-CO2 at high pressure and heat flux","authors":"Yuan Ma ,&nbsp;Gongnan Xie ,&nbsp;Wujun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) systems usually have to work at both high temperature, high pressure and high heat flux, selecting appropriate solid materials is of great important to their system safety. In this study, the thermofluidic characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) in a horizontal rectangular channel have been investigated under high pressure and one-side-wall heated with high heat flux. Four different solid wall materials (253 MA, Inconel 617, Haynes 230 and Haynes 233) and three different heat flux values (1.5 MW/m², 2.0 MW/m² and 2.5 MW/m²) are selected for analyzing the impacts of wall material and heat flux boundary conditions. The results showed that the maximum wall temperature difference of all four wall materials can generally exceed 100 K under the minimum heat flux, and can reach 500 K for Haynes 233 at the heat flux of 2.5 MW/m². Considering the maximum allowable stress and creep characteristics, Inconel 617 has more obvious advantages as a solid material at the heat flux below 2 MW/m², while Haynes 230 is a better choice at the heat flux beyond 2 MW/m² because of the stronger mechanical properties. By exploring the effect of inlet temperature, it is found that the inlet temperature close to the pseudo-critical temperature is conducive to flow and heat transfer. Taking the effect of buoyancy into account, it is shown that the temperature of the heating surface is decreased, the deterioration of heat transfer is weakened and occurs early, and the difference on the cross sections of the wall temperature decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}