International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of film cooling hole configuration on leading edge plate of jet impingement/effusion cooling system","authors":"Sungji Youn ,&nbsp;Suhwan Lee ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazemi Babadi ,&nbsp;Mirae Kim ,&nbsp;Eunseop Yeom","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an approach to enhance film cooling efficiency by optimizing the arrangement of film cooling holes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. Both adiabatic and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) numerical simulations were performed on the curved surface of the leading edge of a turbine blade vane. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) was employed to evaluate and improve the cooling performance using a performance index that assigned equal weights to the area-averaged cooling effectiveness and its standard deviation. Experimental validation using non-contact phosphor thermometry was performed to assess heat transfer performance and to select an appropriate turbulence model by comparing temperature fields and Nusselt number distributions. The optimization process treated the hole positions as design variables and identified configurations that outperformed the original layout. The optimized adiabatic geometry demonstrated a 4.8 % improvement in performance, while an elliptical-hole configuration derived from the CHT-optimized design achieved a 6.9 % performance gain. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining CFD, AI, and experimental methods to improve film cooling designs in turbine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of porous lattice structures on jet impingement heat dissipation performance","authors":"Miao Qian ,&nbsp;Shaoyu Huang ,&nbsp;Zhong Xiang ,&nbsp;Le Liu ,&nbsp;Yatong Yu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous lattice structures can enhance heat transfer performance due to their large specific surface area. In this study we investigate the thermal characteristics of four lattice porous structures under jet impingement conditions: Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), Diamond, Face-Centered Cubic (FCC), and Three-Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS). Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental validations, we analyze the effects of structural parameters, including unit cell size and porosity, on the heat transfer performance and pressure drop. The results demonstrate that the Diamond lattice structure exhibits superior heat dissipation performance, with an optimal porosity of 0.83 and unit cell size of 2 mm. The Diamond structure not only exhibits the highest Nusselt number (up to 1626) but also the lowest pressure drop (12 Pa) among the four configurations. The comprehensive evaluation factor also confirms that the Diamond structure is the optimal choice for heat transfer applications. Additionally, we validate the numerical simulation results with an experimental platform, demonstrating the accuracy of the computational model. The findings of this study may aid design and optimization of lattice porous structures for enhancing heat transfer in high-power electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary design and assessment of the residual heat removal system in a nuclear silent heat pipe-cooled reactor","authors":"Zeqin Zhang,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang,&nbsp;Jinlu Huang,&nbsp;Kailun Guo,&nbsp;Wenxi Tian,&nbsp;Guanghui Su,&nbsp;Suizheng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat pipe-cooled reactors (HPRs) have gained significant attention due to their compact design, passive heat transfer capability, and enhanced inherent safety features. Although numerous HPR designs have demonstrated passive operational characteristics, the design of the residual heat removal system (RHRS) remains a key technical challenge, as it serves as the ultimate heat sink for the entire system, ensuring core safety. This study presents the preliminary design and assessment of the RHRS in NUSTER, a 100 kWe-level HPR optimized for underwater deployment. First, the NUSTER-RHRS is designed as two independent heat removal systems to enhance system safety and redundancy. Then, a comprehensive HPR simulation framework is developed, validated, and utilized to analyze the complete heat transfer pathway from the core to the final heat sink. Steady-state and transient simulations demonstrate that natural circulation alone can sustain core cooling following a single-sided RHRS failure while preserving over 60 % of nominal electrical power output. Additionally, the results reveal that core-matrix temperature feedback mitigates the negative reactivity introduced by fuel temperature reduction, further enhancing the self-regulating safety of HPRs. These findings provide valuable insights for refining RHRS designs in future next-generation HPR applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on turbulent drag-reducing performance of a long-term stable, high-temperature-resistant surfactant additive","authors":"Kai-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Zeng-Kun Zhan ,&nbsp;Hong-Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Bin Li ,&nbsp;Kai-Yang Qu ,&nbsp;Feng-Chen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adding drag reduction additives (DRAs) to district heating systems can effectively reduce pressure losses during the heat and fluid transport. However, there are remarkably limited choices on DRAs that can be stably applied under high-temperature conditions (≥100 °C) over extended periods. To achieve effective drag reduction (DR) at high temperature, this paper reports a long-term stable, high-temperature-resistant surfactant additive (Erucamide Propyl Trimethylammonium Chloride/Sodium Salicylate, EPTAC/NaSal), which shows efficient drag-reducing performance in a wide range of temperature. The detailed characteristics of EPTAC/NaSal solutions including their rheological properties, DR performance, efficiency in reducing pump power requirements and lifetime were experimentally evaluated under varying concentrations, temperatures, and counterion ratios. The effective DR temperature of EPTAC/NaSal and the starting drag-reducing Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>₁) both increase with the concentration. More counterions can increase the solution viscosity, extend its relaxation time, promote the formation of drag-reducing microstructures, and significantly raise the upper temperature limit for DR. EPTAC/NaSal solution exhibits excellent DR effects within the temperature range of 20∼110 °C, achieving DR rate of approximately 78 % at Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) around 280,000, and reducing pump power consumption by 28 %. After continuous operation more than 3 months, the solution retains good DR efficiency with a decline of no more than 16 % compared to the initial value. In sum, the detailed experimental results imply the significant potential of EPTAC/NaSal in the long-distance transportation system under high-temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal runaway avoidance via liquid-immersion for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries: Experimental characterizations","authors":"Zhendong Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Sheng,&nbsp;Houji Zhang,&nbsp;Linxiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective control of the thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries is of paramount importance for enhancing the safety of electric vehicles. This study examines the thermal runaway behavior of cylindrical 21700 batteries through experimental tests and puts forward a regulation method for thermal runaway behavior as per liquid-immersion. Influence of state of charge and immersion ratio on the battery's thermal runaway behavior is investigated. It is shown that when the state of charge in the battery is lower than 50 % and high-temperature thermal runaway is initiated at the upper part of the battery, the initiation speed is relatively fast. With the increase of battery power, the triggering time of thermal runaway is significantly shortened. The minimum thermal safety distance of the battery pack in the non-immersion state is 5.0 mm, and the immersion temperature control system can reduce the safety distance to 3.0 mm and lower the peak temperature of adjacent batteries by nearly 60 %. This study would provide a reference for the characterization of thermal runaway behavior and thermal safety management of cylindrical batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of internally finned tubes with interruption-and-rotation strategy based on RSM and NSGA-II","authors":"Zijian Fang,&nbsp;Shifeng Deng ,&nbsp;Yifan Du,&nbsp;Yitao Fang,&nbsp;Zongyi Wang,&nbsp;Huaishuang Shao,&nbsp;Qinxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of compact and high-efficiency heat exchanger designs aligned with carbon reduction goals, this study introduces a novel interruption-and-rotation strategy of internally finned tubes. The design disrupts thermal boundary layer formation through positioned fin discontinuities combined with rotation, thereby augmenting convective heat transfer via intensified fluid mixing. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis framework was established to evaluate the effects of the interruption start position, interruption length, and rotation angle on flow and heat transfer characteristics. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the response surface method (RSM) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), targeting the minimization of average fluid temperature and pressure drop. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was employed to identify the optimal trade-off solution. The results indicate that the optimized structural parameters enhance the comprehensive heat transfer performance by 9.32 %, reduce the average fluid temperature by 3.6 % and decrease the pressure drop by 69.2 %, with subsequent numerical verification confirming prediction accuracy within 8.56 % error margin. The design and approach systematically offer new insights into practical enhancement strategies for energy-efficient heat exchange systems in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of 3D multi-layer flat-plate oscillating heat pipe under hypergravity conditions with artificially gravity-assisted and anti-gravity operation","authors":"Ziang Li ,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Chengbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Cheng ,&nbsp;Jian Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management in complicated or extreme environments becomes a severe challenge for safety and reliable applications of electronic devices. In this paper, the thermal performance of a novel three-dimensional (3D) multi-layer flat-plate oscillating heat pipe (FPOHP) under rotation-induced hypergravity conditions was experimentally investigated. The nominal gravity level (<em>g</em>_nom) changed in the range of 1.0 (Earth's gravity) to 10.0, and R134a was used as the working fluid at a volumetric filling ratio of 40 %. The 3D FPOHP could startup and operate smoothly at the anti-gravity condition (against gravity) under <em>g</em>_nom = 10.0, even though better thermal performance was obtained at the gravity-assisted condition. For the gravity-assisted rotation configuration, the increase of <em>g</em>_nom can reduce average evaporator temperatures and enhance heat transfer performance, and the FPOHP obtained an effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of 2034.9 W/(m·K) at the power input of 300 W under <em>g</em>_nom = 10.0, increased by 49.8 % than that of <em>g</em>_nom = 1.0. For the anti-gravity rotational configuration, however, the average evaporator temperature almost remained unchanged with the increase of <em>g</em>_nom at medium and high power inputs, and the ETC is about 5.6 times higher than the pure aluminum at the power input of 300 W under <em>g</em>_nom = 10.0. Additionally, the average evaporator temperatures were about 65.0 °C and 51.6 °C for anti-gravity and gravity-assisted situations, respectively. The Coriolis-effect induced lateral displacement of bubbles/plugs acts a positive role to enhance the FPOHP performance. Even though the channel diameter of the FPOHP is much greater than the predicted maximum allowable value at a large <em>g</em>_nom, it can still work well, indicating the limitation of the critical diameter criterion. This study deepens the understanding of OHP operation in hypergravity environments and provides insights for their applications in aerospace and high-speed rotating systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of two-layer filters for innovative respiratory protective devices containing granular phase change materials","authors":"Nickolay A. Lutsenko ,&nbsp;Alina S. Kim ,&nbsp;Sergey S. Fetsov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose to combine a gas-and-smoke protection element, which consists of granular adsorbing materials, with a thermal protection element consisting of a granular phase change material (PCM) to create multipurpose respiratory protective systems. Such devices can protect the human respiratory system not only from dangerous toxic gaseous substances that cause poisoning, but also from thermal injuries at indoor fires, reducing the temperature of the inhaled air to a safe value for a specified time. Using an original numerical model, we have investigated the effect of various parameters on the efficiency of both two-layer combined filters consisting of a layer of granular PCM and a layer of adsorbing material, and two-layer thermal protection filters consisting of layers of granular PCMs with different properties. It has been shown that commercially available granular PCMs make it possible to create two-layer combined filters with acceptable mass. In particular, a two-layer filter, which is half-filled with PCM and half-filled with activated carbon, should have a mass of only about 190 g in order to cool the inhaled air from 177 °C to less than 50 °C within 10 min. It has been shown that the optimal arrangement of the PCM layer and the gas-and-smoke protection element in the filter, which leads to the longest operating time of the respirator, depends on both the value of the maximum allowable temperature of the inhaled gas and the required operating time of the respiratory protective device, which is determined by the mass of the granular materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser ablation for prostate tumors: analysis of different bioheat transfer models","authors":"Assunta Andreozzi ,&nbsp;Marcello Iasiello ,&nbsp;Giovanni Napoli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Peter Vanoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal therapies, such as laser ablation, are garnering interest for treating several diseases, in a non-invasive way, preventing surgical treatments and, for example, allowing the preservation of prostate functions in the case of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, approved therapies for cancer treatments are still missing, limiting the reliability of such methodologies, since an insufficient exposure time and thermal power settings could lead to incomplete tumor ablation, its redevelopment and metastasis occurrence. Consequently, it is fundamental to develop accurate bioheat transfer models providing guidelines to surgeons, helping to improve treatment effectiveness. However, as several models have been developed, the study aims to compare four bioheat transfer models, namely the simplified Pennes' approach, two porous media-based methods, i.e. the Local Thermal Equilibrium and the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium equations, and the non-Fourier approach, namely Dual Phase Lag equation. The effects of laser power, tissue porosity and blood vessels diameter are investigated. The finite elements (FEM) commercial software Comsol Multiphysics is employed to investigate a 2D axisymmetric domain, consisting of two concentric spheres (the tumor and the healthy tissue). The laser source is modeled with the Beer-Lambert's law, assuming a laser source with a gaussian distribution. Results in terms of temperature field and necrotic region are presented, developing linear correlations by fitting FEM results. Finally, the difference among the necrotic areas predicted with the different approaches is reported, providing high discrepancies especially for highly vascularized tissue, with a lower damaged surface predicted in case of porous media approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-monotonic phase change front propagation during one-dimensional melting/solidification in the conduction-dominated regime","authors":"Emad Hasrati,&nbsp;Ankur Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of theoretical techniques to model melting/solidification is important for a number of engineering problems. Using an approximate analytical technique, this work considers melting/solidification of a one-dimensional phase change material (PCM) with convective heat transfer boundary conditions at the two ends. Good agreement with past work under special conditions is shown. Assuming negligible buoyancy-driven convective heat transfer, it is shown that, under certain conditions, the phase change front may grow non-monotonically, i.e., beyond a peak value of the phase change front, there may be a reversal in the direction of the front propagation, before steady state is reached. It is shown that this retraction phenomenon is governed by the Stefan number, ratio of applied temperature differences, ratios of thermophysical properties, and Biot numbers associated with boundary conditions. The retraction phenomenon is explained on the basis of the competition between phase change front propagation and solid phase thermal diffusion. Retraction is shown to occur when the rate of propagation is much greater than the rate of diffusion. The retraction phenomenon investigated here is novel because most one-dimensional phase change problems proceed monotonically, and a reversal in the phase change direction does not commonly occur. In addition to the theoretical interest in non-monotonic phase change propagation, results from this work may also be helpful in improving the thermal performance of PCMs in practical engineering devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}