Numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow behavior of molten pool under figure-8 oscillating laser cladding

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110279

Xinshun Wang , Yinghua Lin , Jinhai Lin , Longsheng Peng , Xinlin Wang

{"title":"Numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow behavior of molten pool under figure-8 oscillating laser cladding","authors":"Xinshun Wang , Yinghua Lin , Jinhai Lin , Longsheng Peng , Xinlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110279","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The figure-8 oscillating laser can improve the quality of cladding and has great value for industrial applications, but its molten pool heat transfer and flow behavior are poorly known and seldom reported. For this reason, an in-depth understanding of the heat flow characteristics of the molten pool in this special laser mode is of great significance to the molding law of microstructure as well as the regulation work. In this work, a finite element model of laser cladding with multi-physical fields is established to investigate the effects and laws of different oscillation frequencies and amplitudes on the size of the cladding layer, heat transfer, and the fluid flow. The reliability of the numerical model is verified through experiments. The results show that the introduction of the figure-8 oscillation mode expands the range of the effective heat source, and the depth-to-width ratio of the molten pool is decreased. The temperature distribution is more uniform, and the nodal temperature values show periodic fluctuations consistent with the frequency. The complex laser overlap path periodically generates vortices that interfere with the Marangoni effect, and the flow of the molten pool becomes more complex. The microstructure of the cladding layer is refined due to sufficient mixing of the molten material, and the hardness is more uniform along the depth direction. This work provides insights and guidance for understanding the characteristics of the figure-8 oscillating laser cladding process and controlling metallurgical defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110279"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072925006027","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The figure-8 oscillating laser can improve the quality of cladding and has great value for industrial applications, but its molten pool heat transfer and flow behavior are poorly known and seldom reported. For this reason, an in-depth understanding of the heat flow characteristics of the molten pool in this special laser mode is of great significance to the molding law of microstructure as well as the regulation work. In this work, a finite element model of laser cladding with multi-physical fields is established to investigate the effects and laws of different oscillation frequencies and amplitudes on the size of the cladding layer, heat transfer, and the fluid flow. The reliability of the numerical model is verified through experiments. The results show that the introduction of the figure-8 oscillation mode expands the range of the effective heat source, and the depth-to-width ratio of the molten pool is decreased. The temperature distribution is more uniform, and the nodal temperature values show periodic fluctuations consistent with the frequency. The complex laser overlap path periodically generates vortices that interfere with the Marangoni effect, and the flow of the molten pool becomes more complex. The microstructure of the cladding layer is refined due to sufficient mixing of the molten material, and the hardness is more uniform along the depth direction. This work provides insights and guidance for understanding the characteristics of the figure-8 oscillating laser cladding process and controlling metallurgical defects.

查看原文本刊更多论文

图8振荡激光熔覆熔池传热与流动特性数值模拟

数字8型振荡激光器可以提高熔覆质量，具有重要的工业应用价值，但其熔池传热和流动特性目前尚不清楚，报道较少。因此，深入了解这种特殊激光模式下熔池的热流特性，对微结构的成型规律及调控工作具有重要意义。本文建立了多物理场激光熔覆的有限元模型，研究了不同振荡频率和振幅对熔覆层尺寸、传热和流体流动的影响及规律。通过实验验证了数值模型的可靠性。结果表明：8型振荡模态的引入扩大了有效热源的范围，减小了熔池的深宽比；温度分布更加均匀，节点温度值呈现与频率一致的周期性波动。复杂的激光重叠路径周期性地产生涡流，干扰马兰戈尼效应，熔池的流动变得更加复杂。熔敷层的微观组织因熔融材料的充分混合而得到细化，硬度沿深度方向更加均匀。本文的工作对了解8字振荡激光熔覆工艺的特点和控制冶金缺陷具有重要的指导意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.