International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigations of the convective and radiative synergistic heat transfer enhancement in turbine blade internal cooling channel","authors":"Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Jiabing Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although plenty of techniques are employed to improve cooling performance of turbine blades, the improvement was mainly achieved by enhancing convective heat transfer, while radiative heat transfer was not utilized. Besides, most of the existing investigations on the cooling channel were conducted under low thermal load conditions. To bridge these research gaps, this study presents a novel experimental investigation of the convective-radiative synergistic heat transfer enhancement in cooling channels with radiation enhancement plate. The experiments under high thermal load conditions up to 25,000 W m⁻² are carried out. Two kinds of novel channel configurations are developed with smooth or ribbed radiation enhancement plate, which can expand cold surfaces to strengthen radiation. The research indicates that, comparing with the traditional channel configuration, growths of total Nusselt number ratio as well as comprehensive thermal performance are 69.70 % and 24.62 %, respectively, by employing the smooth radiation enhancement plate. When inclined ribs are arranged on the radiation enhancement plate, growths of total Nusselt number ratio as well as comprehensive thermal performance are 82.58 % and 9.23 %, respectively, because airflow disturbance in the core region is intensified. The total Nusselt number ratio drops as Reynolds number grows, while it increases as wall heat flux rises. Besides, the approximate analysis method and the fitting method are developed to predict the channel wall temperature and the cooling performance, which is beneficial to overcome the limitation of equipment and experimental conditions for high thermal loads. In addition, the decoupling of convective and radiative heat transfer is achieved. Influences of radiative heat transfer on the overall thermal performance are also quantitatively explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fouling deposition on CAP1400 steam generator thermal-hydraulic performance via a coupled fouling–thermal-hydraulic model","authors":"Lanqing Qiao ,&nbsp;Jianyu Tan ,&nbsp;Qingzhi Lai ,&nbsp;Wei Zeng ,&nbsp;Junming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During long-term service, the thermal–hydraulic performance of steam generators gradually deteriorates as unavoidable fouling builds up on the secondary side. However, systematic studies of fouling-driven thermal–hydraulic behavior in the CAP1400 steam generator (SG) are still lacking, partly because the unit is in its early stage of commercial operation. Moreover, because fouling deposition and thermal–hydraulic behavior are intrinsically coupled, the problem becomes even more challenging to study. Therefore, a fully three-dimensional coupled fouling–thermal-hydraulic model was developed for the CAP1400 SG on the primary side and the secondary side. A quasi-steady multi-time-step coupling framework is developed to balance computational efficiency and coupling fidelity. The model was used to assess secondary-side fouling patterns and their impacts on flow and heat transfer after 360 days of deposition. The results show that deposits preferentially accumulate in the hot-side boiling region, particularly the U-bend. These locations should be prioritized for water-chemistry optimization and outage cleaning to mitigate thermal degradation and reduce the risk of under-deposit corrosion. Although the non-uniform fouling distribution strengthens cold-side heat transfer, the overall heat duty decreases. At 360 days, the cumulative fouling mass reaches 2082.28 kg and the heat duty drops by 6.44 %. Meanwhile, fouling reduces the outlet steam mass flow rate and lowers the secondary-side pressure drop. During operation, timely monitoring of the secondary-circuit steam-pressure margin consumption is required to ensure reliable performance over the unit's lifetime. These findings clarify the evolution of fouling in the CAP1400 SG and its impact on thermal performance, providing a basis for trend assessment and operational evaluation in long-term service.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110732"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invariant key-node DEIM based on adaptive mesh refinement for efficient prediction of transient thermo-mechanical behavior in valves","authors":"Chaohui Huang,&nbsp;Hongjiang Wang,&nbsp;Han Dong,&nbsp;Weizhe Wang,&nbsp;Yingzheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel integrated computational framework combining adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and a hyper-reduced-order model (HROM) to overcome the prohibitive computational cost of high-fidelity transient thermo-mechanical analysis for geometrically complex, nonlinear high-temperature components. Conventional finite-element methods exhibit major limitations in resolving the intricate coupling between rapidly evolving thermal fields and stress evolution, particularly under severe thermal transients. The proposed framework employs AMR to dynamically concentrate computational resources in regions exhibiting steep gradients. Concurrently, the HROM, which integrates proper orthogonal decomposition and the discrete empirical interpolation method, achieves extreme dimensionality reduction while preserving critical nonlinear dynamics. Validation based on a representative high-temperature component under demanding steam turbine startup conditions demonstrates the exceptional performance of the proposed model: 33.5 × faster computation, 89.8 % lower memory requirement, and a peak thermal stress prediction error below 6.1 % relative to full-order simulation. Crucially, this approach resolves multi-time-scale thermo-mechanical interactions with high precision, accurately capturing the localized stress concentrations and critical thermal gradients essential for failure prediction. This dual-resolution strategy enables unprecedentedly efficient simulation of large-scale thermo-mechanical behavior under rapid thermal loading. Thus, it establishes a foundation for constructing physics-informed digital twins and significantly advances design optimization and reliability assessment for safety-critical energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pyro-piezo-phototronic regulation strategy for carrier modulation in a GaN PN junction","authors":"Mingkai Guo ,&nbsp;Guoshuai Qin ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Lu ,&nbsp;Cuiying Fan ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regulation of carrier distributions in piezoelectric semiconductors through piezo-phototronic and pyro-phototronic effects offers a promising pathway for developing tunable optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear pyro-piezo-phototronic model that accounts for the combined influences of ultraviolet radiation and externally applied mechanical stress. Unlike previous approaches that consider only piezoelectric or photoexcitation effects, this work extends the perturbation method to include pyroelectric contributions, enabling a comprehensive analysis of electromechanical field distributions under multi-field coupling. Our findings reveal that the polarity and direction of polarization charges at both ends of a GaN PN junction can be reversibly modulated by adjusting ultraviolet irradiation and mechanical loading. This controllable switching of polarized charges highlights a new avenue for functional regulation in piezoelectric semiconductors and expands their potential applications in next-generation optoelectronic and multifunctional devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110670"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale analysis of non-ideal joint effect at foam-wall interface on the thermal performance of foam-filled channel","authors":"Bin Yin ,&nbsp;Shibo Cheng ,&nbsp;Xue Chen ,&nbsp;Chuang Sun ,&nbsp;Haifeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow and heat transfer in a foam-filled channel is investigated by a pore-scale simulation with special concern on the non-ideal joint effect between foam matrix and heating wall. The reticulated foam structures are constructed and represented based on the Weaire-Phelan model. The finite volume method is employed to solve the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy, thereby determining the conjugate flow and thermal fields for the forced air convection within open-cell foams. The influences of non-contact location, ratio, and distribution regarding the global thermal behavior are systematically investigated. According to the results, non-contact between the foam and the base surface is a primary factor in the performance degradation of metal foam-based heat exchangers. Compared with complete contact, heat transfer is nearly weakened by 92 % under complete non-contact case with a negligible pressure drop change. The wall temperature difference exhibits a visible increment for different non-contact regions, especially at exit region (up to 73.28 K). The non-contact has at entrance region poses the greatest impact on the thermal performance. A significant link is revealed between the extent of non-contact area and the system's thermal performance, which significantly decreases with the increasing non-contact area ratio. The results demonstrate that joint integrity between the foam skeleton and the heating wall is crucial for heat transfer performance in practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spreading dynamics, heat transfer, and solidification behaviour of a single molten droplet impinging on a solid surface of different inclinations","authors":"Raju Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Geoffrey Evans ,&nbsp;Tom Honeyands ,&nbsp;Brian J. Monaghan ,&nbsp;David Scimone ,&nbsp;Subhasish Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molten metal droplet-solid substrate interaction is an important physical phenomenon in diverse industrial applications from thermal spray coating to refractory wear remediation in basic oxygen steelmaking furnace. The process involves small spatio-temporal dynamics of competing inertia, surface tension and viscous force along with heat transfer and phase change. In this study, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed based on an interface-capturing volume of fluid (VOF) approach to simulate the spreading, and solidification behaviour of a molten droplet impinging (Weber number &lt;150) on a low thermal conductivity surface (glass) oriented at different angles (0 &lt; φ ≤ 90°). The solidification process involving conduction heat transfer at the solid surface as well as the liquid to solid phase change was modelled using the enthalpy-porosity method. The CFD model was validated by experiment involving high-speed imaging with good agreement. Two parameters - mushy zone constant and the thermal contact resistance were noted to play a significant role in correctly predicting the molten droplet spreading dynamics. It was noted although the droplet spread area increased with increasing Weber number in the normal impact case (zero-surface inclination), a decreasing trend was prominent when surface inclination was increased (oblique impact) at a fixed Weber number due to increasing effect of gravity in the tangential direction. The droplet cooling and subsequent solidification process was directly correlated to the spread area which increased at higher Weber number due to greater heat transfer at solid-liquid interface. Droplet cooling was noted to significantly decrease by the increase of surface inclination; however, solidification behaviour was rather less affected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110692"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal effectiveness and entropy-exergy estimation in a tube with punched double V-winglets","authors":"Nuthvipa Jayranaiwachira ,&nbsp;Somchai Sripattanapipat ,&nbsp;Pongjet Promvonge ,&nbsp;Mahdi Erfanian Nakhchi ,&nbsp;Sompol Skullong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex generators are effective devices for enhancing heat transfer rates in heating or cooling systems with minimal frictional losses via the production of streamwise vortices. This research effort presents the perforated double V-winglet (P-DVW) and looks at how it affects heat transmission and friction when mounted inside a heat exchange tube that is consistently heated for producing multiple vortices whereas its flow is turbulent. Optimizing thermal performance for increased energy savings and maximizing the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) to minimize heat exchanger size are the major goals. Thermal characteristics, including generated entropy and exergy efficiency, are explored in depth. A Reynolds number (Re) that varies from 4760 to 29,270 is employed to explore the friction and thermal features of the tube. The P-DVW parameters encompass attack angles of α₂ = 15° and α₁ = 30°, four porosity ratios (<em>A</em>_h/<em>A</em>_w = 0, 0.0188, 0.0523, and 0.1026), and three pitch ratios, P_R, (0.75, 1, and 1.25), while maintaining a constant winglet height. At P_R = 0.75 and <em>A</em>_h/<em>A</em>_w = 0, the P-DVW exhibits peak <em>f</em> and <em>Nu</em> values around 23.83 and 5.31 times bigger than those of the plain tube, accordingly. Further, under the specified conditions, it yields minimal entropy production, while the optimal exergy efficiency is roughly 0.9829. The thermal effectiveness of P-DVW is anticipated to reach its maximum at 2.55 with Nu_R = 4.54 at <em>A</em>_h/<em>A</em>_w = 0.0523 and P_R = 0.75 to reveal its actual benefits. Furthermore, the correlations of <em>f</em>, <em>Nu</em>, and TEF were determined for the examined range of values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective thermal conductivity of open-cell foams: Numerical study in structures composed of the space-filling Kelvin's tetrakaidekahedron","authors":"Ioannis Psihias,&nbsp;Eustathios S. Kikkinides,&nbsp;Stergios G. Yiantsios","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the issue of the effective thermal conductivity of open-cell foams. Spatially periodic structures based on the space-filling Kelvin's tetrakaidecahedron are examined over a range of porosities from 0.88 to 0.99, and a range of solid to fluid thermal conductivity ratios from 10 to 8200. The heat conduction problem is analyzed numerically employing the finite element and the front-tracking method. The attractive characteristic of the methods is that simple, fixed, structured numerical grids may be employed, despite the complicated two-phase geometries involved. The numerical results obtained are in satisfactory agreement with the extensive and widely acknowledged experimental data of Calmidi and Mahajan [J. Heat Transfer 121 (1999), 466–471] and with established models in the literature. Interestingly, the results are also in excellent agreement with theoretical relations based on effective medium theories and cluster expansion techniques for low density random dispersions, suggesting that these relations may be very useful for quantitative predictions of effective properties in open-cell foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110687"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sensitivity analysis and computational assessment of topology optimization heat sink channel using a power law model","authors":"Amjid Rashid ,&nbsp;Tenglong Cong ,&nbsp;Hanyang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to guarantee that electronics modules function at their design temperature for enhanced production and duration, thermal management is essential. The quantity of heat that needs to be dissipated per area rises in parallel with the compactness and power density of modern electronic equipment. The design of heat sinks that can sustain a low operational temperature and a small packing environment is therefore required. The geometric flexibility offered by topology optimization makes it a valuable tool for creating passive heat sinks that can reject as much heat as feasible in a constrained area. Convective heat transference problem established on the power law type non-Newtonian fluid is subjected to topology optimization. By optimizing non-Newtonian cooling device topology utilizing a material distribution-based optimization approach, a heat transfer maximization problem is investigated. Expending a design variable, specifically the “material density” to distinguish between the fluid and solid domains, is the methods core principle. An adjoint-based analysis procedure is used to update it depending on the gradient information. A numerical investigation is conducted into the non-Newtonian effect on the ideal arrangements of thermal devices. Our findings demonstrate that as the pressure differential or heat generation rises, extra branching flow channels are seen in the ideal designs. As compared to previous results, the current finding shows that the best arrangement is dependent on the power law index, and an advanced power law index can lead to lower flow rates and more complicated setups. Furthermore, the flow distribution design might offer the lowest hydrodynamic resistance, while the heat transfer increase design can reduce thermal resistance. Under the same conditions, the optimum design of the maximum power index problem performs significantly well in terms of heat transmission than the low index one. Our research could provide a mechanism for non-Newtonian fluid-based TO thermal devices, such as non-Newtonian heat sinks. The suggested design approach can be applied as a tool to offer cooling solutions for electronic components having a large heat flow thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics in a turbine multistage sealing system based on fluid–solid coupling approach","authors":"Yulong Yao ,&nbsp;Jiawei Fan ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a high-fidelity fluid–solid thermal coupling model for a turbine multistage honeycomb labyrinth sealing system to systematically investigate the heat transfer mechanisms in critical regions. A hybrid meshing strategy with shared fluid–solid interface nodes and temperature-dependent solid material properties is employed to accurately capture convective heat transfer in the fluid domain and conductive heat diffusion in the solid domain. The analysis focuses on two honeycomb labyrinth seal (HLS) sections, the rotor and stator coupling interfaces, and the intermediate cavity, considering varying pressure ratios and rotational Reynolds numbers. Model reliability is confirmed through validation against published experimental and numerical benchmark data. Results reveal pronounced regional differences in heat transfer: the upstream HLS1 exhibits significantly higher heat transfer intensity than the downstream HLS2, with rotor-stator interface temperature rises of 4.14 % and 5.10 % in HLS1 compared to only 0.28 % and 0.43 % in HLS2 at a pressure ratio of 14.75. Local heat transfer coefficients show strong spatial fluctuations due to intensified turbulence and flow impingement. In the intermediate cavity, combined jet impingement and rotor-induced swirling flow generate a pronounced thermal boundary layer, with temperature variations reaching 21.33 % at <em>y</em> = 20 mm, while the left side shows only 1.33 %. The influence of rotation is more significant in HLS1 than in HLS2, leading to heterogeneous turbulence enhancement and heat transfer. Overall, this study quantitatively demonstrates localized and asymmetric heat transfer behaviors in multistage sealing systems, elucidating the coupled effects of pressure ratio and rotational motion, and providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing thermal management and structural design in high-efficiency turbine sealing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}