International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical simulation of battery thermal management based on ring microchannel cold plate","authors":"Ke Ma,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Qicheng Wang,&nbsp;Qingzheng Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient heat dissipation methods have been the focus of battery thermal management research. Due to the limitations of flow and heat transfer in traditional straight channel cold plates (SCCP), this paper introduces a ring channel cold plate (RCCP) and utilizes the j/f factor to evaluate the comprehensive thermal performance of the cold plates. Through comparison and analysis, it is found that the RCCP has a lower pressure drop and better comprehensive thermal performance. As the mass flow rate increases, the j/f improvement effect of the RCCP becomes more pronounced. Additionally, when the branch channel width is 6 mm, the RCCP exhibits higher comprehensive thermal performance. However, in the RCCP of equal width, the innermost channels have the shortest flow path and the largest flow rate. To further enhance heat transfer, the influence of non-uniform structure on the performance of RCCP is investigated. The result shows that the narrow inside and wide outside channel arrangement can enhance the heat transfer performance of the RCCP but at the cost of increasing pressure drop. Among them, the outermost, middle, and innermost channel widths of 6.66 mm, 6 mm, and 4 mm, the cold plate has better comprehensive thermal performance, more suitable for battery thermal management. The RCCP with a narrow inside and wide outside provides a new option for more efficient battery thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent decision-making approach for rapid optimization of double-wall cooling structures under varying cooling demands","authors":"Yanjia Wang ,&nbsp;Jianqin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zeyuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Zixiang Tong ,&nbsp;Lu Qiu ,&nbsp;Junjie Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-wall structures are widely employed for cooling turbine blades. When manufacturing materials and application conditions vary, the design of double-wall structures should be adapted to meet different cooling demands. However, because of inevitable repetitive iterations, conventional evolutionary algorithms exhibit low efficiency in optimizing double-wall structures when cooling demands change. This paper presents a reinforcement learning-based method to optimize double-wall cooling structures facing various cooling demands rapidly. A decision network established a forward mapping from cooling demands to optimized structural designs and was trained using historical decision-making experiences generated from numerical simulations. The historical experiences were quantified uniformly based on the cooling performance gains or losses resulting from changes in geometric parameters. The physical understanding that cooling performance evaluations differ with varying cooling demands was incorporated into the training dataset. The performance of the trained decision network was validated by varying the cooling optimization objectives. Results indicate that the decision network can achieve optimal double-wall cooling units that meet given objectives with a single decision. The decision process took 5 ms, nearly 90 times faster than traditional genetic algorithms. Moreover, a partitioning, multi-cycle application strategy for the decision network was employed to optimize double-wall cooling plates under non-uniform inlet temperature distributions, resulting in a 13.7<!--> <!-->K reduction in overall average temperature and improved radial temperature uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of flow boiling characteristics in manifold microchannel radiator based on high heat flux cooling","authors":"Chunquan Li ,&nbsp;Le Su ,&nbsp;Qi Chen,&nbsp;Yilong Hu,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Jiehui Zou,&nbsp;Yuling Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sinks are a hot research topic in the field of electronics cooling due to their excellent performance in handling high heat flux. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the study of MMC boiling and heat dissipation characteristics, but the use of numerical simulation remains an important tool for predicting the flow boiling characteristics of MMC heat sinks at high heat fluxes because of the difficulty in observing and the short phase transition times in MMC microchannel boiling experiments. In this study, transient flow boiling in manifold microchannels is numerically simulated based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) phase transition model. The effects of the MMC inlet-to-outlet width ratio (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>), microchannel height-to-width ratio (<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>), and microchannel width-to-total width ratio (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>) on the flow boiling characteristics are systematically investigated from the perspective of bubble dynamics behavior. A manifold microchannel radiator flow boiling prediction model is developed by designing a mixed factor experiment using Taguchi’s method with a comprehensive evaluation factor as the prediction target. Under the working condition parameters set in this study, when the inlet-to-outlet width ratio (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) is 1, the microchannel height-to-width ratio (<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>) is 0.24, and the microchannel width-to-total width ratio (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>) is 0.7, a manifold microchannel integrated evaluation factor of 83.51 is obtained, and this prediction is in high agreement with the experimental data. In addition, applying the prediction model of this study to the experimental data of MMC radiators by previous researchers, the error range is controlled within 9%, which further confirms the validity and reliability of the present model. The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference point for the subsequent design and optimization of manifold microchannel boiling radiators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing cooling performance of infrared transparent condensation-free radiant cooling by using bubble wrap","authors":"Jiaan Gu ,&nbsp;Huijun Wu ,&nbsp;Zhuwei Xie ,&nbsp;Xudong Wei ,&nbsp;Ke Du ,&nbsp;Gongsheng Huang ,&nbsp;Xinhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiant cooling system has well acknowledged as one of high-performance air conditioning techniques for the energy-saving and thermal comfort. However, it faces the defects of easy condensation and limited cooling capacity in hot and humid climates. Herein, aiming at improve condensation-free safety and cooling capacity, a novel radiant cooling panel covered by using bubble wrap was proposed. Firstly, a reduced-scall experiment on the cooling performance of the radiant cooling by using bubble wrap was conducted. Secondly, a three-dimensional transient heat transfer model of the bubble wrap assisted cooling panel was established and validated with the experimental results. Thirdly, by using the model the orthogonal investigation was conducted by using various bubble geometric parameters such as bubble height (<em>H</em>), diameter (<em>D</em>), and spacing (<em>L</em>). The effects of the bubble geometric parameters on the cooling performance of the radiant cooling panel were explored. Finally, aiming at greater cooling capacity and higher condensation-free safety, the optimization of the bubble geometric parameters was conducted for the design of the radiant cooling panel. The results indicated that the optimal combination of bubble geometry parameters could be <em>H</em> = 5 mm, <em>D</em> = 5 mm, <em>L</em> = 20 mm aiming at the maximum cooling capacity of 127.24 W/m². For the application of the radiant cooling panel in humid environment, the optimal combination of bubble geometry parameters could be selected as <em>H</em> = 20 mm, <em>D</em> = 15 mm, <em>L</em> = 5 mm for maintaining a higher air contact surface temperature to avoid condensation. It demonstrated the potential of the bubble wrap being used in high performance cooling panel in humid environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quadrupole-based approach for integrated building simulation and energy-efficient load control","authors":"Soukayna Berrabah,&nbsp;Alain Degiovanni,&nbsp;Anas El Maakoul,&nbsp;Zineb Bouhssine,&nbsp;Mohamed Bakhouya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is an extension of our previous work in which an exact analytical method was used to model the transient heat transfer behavior in buildings. The method concerns a quadrupole-based approach (QD), where a general equation is set for each zone's heat balance to obtain either temperature or heat rates. The proposed model proved its ability to accurately account for indoor thermal masses with short computation time. In this work, we are aiming to further validate the ability of the quadrupole-based method to model such combined effects as thermal mass, direct solar gain windows, internally generated heat, infiltration, and more particularly, setback thermostat control, with heating and cooling control inside a single zone by developing a convenient algorithm. For this, two reference cases from the Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST), reported in ANSI/ASHRAE standard 140, are selected: the 640 case (light-weighted materials) and 940 case (heavy-weighted materials). Results of the simulations in terms of annual energy demand as well as power peaks have been compared between the QD-based algorithm and other whole building simulation programs. For a more accurate analysis, results of our developed algorithm have been compared to those issued from EnergyPlus (EP) alone, in reference to the BESTEST methodology, by generating monthly energy demand, power peaks as well as annual energy demands. Indeed, some discrepancies have been noticed since both models use different algorithms. However, our model has been successfully validated by the BESTEST methodology and proved its efficiency in terms of defining the required exact power that needs to be deployed. In addition to this, the algorithm can be immediately used in real physical control regardless of the type of heating device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximate analytical and numerical investigation of Oseen-type forced convection around a sphere in a low Reynolds number slip flow","authors":"Amin Moosaie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Convective heat transfer around a spherical particle submerged in a viscous heat-conducting fluid at very low Reynolds numbers is analytically investigated using Oseen’s theory. The size of the sphere is assumed to be small enough so that the temperature jump condition of dilute gas dynamics is valid on the sphere surface. Approximate analytical formulations are presented for the mean Nusselt number, the local Nusselt number and the temperature field. The presented formulations outperform the existing analytical solutions for the Oseen-type heat transfer around the sphere for both no-slip and slip flows. The new formulations do not diverge by increasing the Reynolds number and are capable of predicting acceptable results even up to Reynolds numbers beyond the validity of the Oseen’s theory. While the existing asymptotic solutions only give the mean Nusselt number, the proposed solutions additionally yield the local Nusselt number and the temperature field. A numerical solution of Oseen’s equation is also conducted for comparison. Based on the results presented, recommendations are made on the use of various formulations to achieve accurate results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The curvature-adaptive voxel Monte Carlo (CAVMC) method-based photothermal model for customized retinal laser surgery","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Hanfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Yao ,&nbsp;Yuping Zheng ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser photothermal therapy is widely used in ophthalmology to treat retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Precise control of laser energy absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and blood vessels is crucial to avoid insufficient or excessive treatment. To overcome the limitations of traditional Monte Carlo (MC) methods including Voxel-based (VMC) and Tetrahedral-based (TMC) MC, a new Curvature-Adaptive Voxel-based Monte Carlo (CAVMC) method is proposed. The CAVMC introduces artificial surfaces aligned with curved interfaces to improve the accuracy of light transport simulations, thereby achieving near-perfect agreement with TMC results while reducing computational costs by 70 %. Simulations of various retinal laser treatment protocols, including Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP), Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT), Micropulse Laser Therapy (MLT), and Selective Retina Therapy (SRT), demonstrated that CAVMC reduces thermal prediction errors by up to 25 % compared to VMC. This method offers a powerful tool for optimizing retinal laser surgery, balancing high accuracy with computational efficiency, and holds promise for broader biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of infrared radiation intensity of two-dimensional convergent divergent exhaust system considering the effects of multiple components","authors":"Shengwen Hou,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Haiyang Hu,&nbsp;Jifeng Huang,&nbsp;Shixiong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of computer technology, coupled simulation of multiple components has gradually gained attention. This paper focuses on an integrated model consisting of turbine, afterburner, and two-dimensional convergent divergent (2D-CD) nozzle. The multi-scale multi-group wideband <em>k</em>-distribution model (MSMGWB) was employed to calculate spectral transmittance, and wall emissivity was determined through experiments. The paper quantitatively analyzes the difference in infrared radiation (IR) intensity obtained from traditional computational methods compared to the integrated model, investigates the impact of turbine outlet swirl flow on infrared characteristics, and finally reveals the effects of low-emissivity coatings and turbine cooling on the infrared intensity of the integrated model. The results show that the turbine and afterburner have significant influence on the infrared characteristics of the exhaust system, which can't be ignored in the study. When the turbine is ignored, the IR intensity decreases by up to 8.7 % under swirl flow condition, while the IR intensity decreases by up to 9.7 % without swirl flow condition. If the infrared characteristics of turbine and afterburner are ignored, the IR intensity can decrease by 22.1 % at most and increase by 412.4 % at most. Cooling measures for turbine blades can significantly reduce the infrared intensity. When the turbine temperature is reduced by 240 K, the infrared intensity decreases by up to 28.4 %. Low emissivity measure for turbine structure has limited influence on infrared intensity. Applying low-emissivity measures to the afterburner high-temperature walls, the infrared radiation intensity can be reduced by up to 34.2 %. By combining all the effective infrared suppression measures mentioned above, the infrared intensity of the integrated model can be reduced by up to 53.1 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting characteristics of infrared radiation of turbofan engine based on overall performance-related design parameters","authors":"Feng Wang,&nbsp;Honghu Ji,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose a method to estimate the characteristics of infrared radiation of the exhaust system during the design of a turbofan engine based on the overall design parameters in the context of infrared stealth. We initially establish a model to predict the distribution of the velocity and temperature fields, as well as the concentration of gas inside the cavity of the exhaust system and the plume based on the parameters of temperature and pressure of the inner and outer mixing sections of the culvert. Following this, we develop models to predict the intensity of infrared radiation of the plume perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle (α = 90°) along with the exhaust system along the axis of the nozzle (α = 0°). A comparison between the predictions of the proposed model and the results of numerical calculations showed that the error was no larger than 7 %. Another comparison between the predictions of the proposed model and experimental data showed that the error was little larger than 11 %. The proposed model can thus be used to predict the characteristics of infrared radiation of the turbofan engine in the design stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation and numerical study of forced convection heat transfer design for glass tempered cooling grille","authors":"Ruolin Gao ,&nbsp;Gaowei Yue ,&nbsp;Zihao Li ,&nbsp;Yanwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional glass tempering equipment suffers from uneven cooling and low energy efficiency in its design and operation, which highlights the limitations of existing production technologies. There is relatively little previous work describing the heat transfer properties of tempered glass in actual production. In this study, a combination of numerical simulation and experimental testing is used to optimise the design of cooling air grille in glass tempering equipment. Firstly, the variation characteristics of glass surface temperature with cooling time in the physical tempering process were experimentally investigated. Subsequently, the structural design and optimisation of the air deflector plate in the cooling air grille are carried out. Finally, a coupled flow-thermal-solid numerical model of the cooling air grille is constructed based on the experimental conditions, and the effects of the four air pressure plate structures on the heat transfer efficiency and temperature uniformity in the quenching process are explored. The results demonstrated that the designed rectangular plate performs better than the conventional plate. Compared with the traditional plate, the designed rectangular plate can reduce the base temperature of the glass by 4.21 K, increase the heat transfer coefficient by 5.03 %, and increase the heat transfer rate by 2.13 %. In addition, the glass surface temperature inhomogeneity is reduced by 7.32 % by the rectangular plate. The proposed design offers an appropriate resolution for industrial applications. It also provides a solid foundation for advancements in tempered glass quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}