International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics analysis of battery pack with cooling channel integrated with innovative thermoelectric cooling stations","authors":"Uğurcan Yardımcı ,&nbsp;Volkan Tuğan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel liquid cooled battery thermal management system integrated with a thermoelectric assisted cooling channel has been designed. To prevent battery cells from operating at high temperatures and to ensure a uniform temperature distribution among the cells, multiple thermoelectric stations were placed at various positions along the cooling channel. The performance of four different models created with various temperature combinations, as well as a conventional model without thermoelectrics, was investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. In the analyses, five different thermoelectric temperatures (293.15–298.15 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>), two different mass flow rates (0.0013 and 0.0018 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>), and two different initial temperatures (298.15 and 303.15 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>) were examined. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of the battery thermal management system with the use of the thermoelectric assisted cooling channel. It was determined that lowering the initial temperature from 303.15 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> to 298.15 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> and increasing the mass flow rate from 0.0013 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> to 0.0018 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> resulted in better cooling performance and more uniform distribution for the thermoelectric assisted system. Under the conditions of a 0.0013 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> mass flow rate and an initial temperature of 303.15 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>, the highest reduction in maximum battery temperature, compared to the non-thermoelectric design, was achieved in Model B with 9.207 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>. Under the same conditions, the most significant reduction in maximum temperature difference was observed in Model D with 4.758 <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>. Furthermore, the Root Mean Square Spread analysis results revealed that Model B provided the best performance in terms of temperature distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on heat transfer mechanism and characteristics of jet precooling flow","authors":"Jianyong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Feng ,&nbsp;Taiqiu Liu ,&nbsp;Xin You","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet precooling technology is a technical approach to improve the upper limit of turbine engine operation by injecting cooling medium into the intake duct and utilizing the phase change heat transfer of the cooling medium. This study investigated the heat transfer characteristics of jet precooling flow using the DPM model from the perspective of CFD simulation calculation, revealing the heat transfer mechanism of droplets during the cooling process, and analyzing the effects of different droplet incidence velocities, droplet temperatures, and droplet diameters on the cooling effect. The results indicate that jet precooling is a short transition process from unsteady to steady evaporation. The process of liquid droplets in the intake duct is extremely fast, and the greater the velocity difference between the droplet and the incoming flow, the better the cooling effect. The limited temperature variation of liquid droplets has a small impact on the cooling effect. If water is used as the cooling medium to change the parameters of liquid droplets, the boiling phase transition of water will not be achieved. Water droplets rely entirely on evaporative mass transfer and heat exchange. For the range of droplet diameters that can completely evaporate, although the cooling effect is equivalent, the smaller the diameter, the more likely it is to cause uneven temperature distribution in the inlet duct. For the range of droplet diameters that cannot completely evaporate, the smaller the droplet diameter, the better the cooling effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing air-cooled battery thermal management using spiral jet arrays in wavy-walled rectangular channels: A numerical study","authors":"Natthaporn Kaewchoothong ,&nbsp;Sarawut Gonsrang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates the thermal performance of Spiral Jet Arrays (SJRs) within rectangular channels featuring wavy walls, designed for air-cooled Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) in electric vehicles. The SJAs consist of spiral nozzles with three helical guide vanes and two full turns, generating swirling jets at a 50° flow angle. Results showed that higher <em>VRs</em> intensify jet impingement, producing stronger vortices and enhanced flow mixing, especially downstream. Lower <em>t/H</em> values yielded more concentrated cooling zones but introduced non-uniform temperature fields due to flow confinement. Temperature distributions revealed staggered cooling footprints, while wall shear stress increased with both <em>VR</em> and geometric confinement. The area-averaged Nusselt number improved by up to 55.1 %, while the thermal performance factor rose by 36.4 %, indicating higher heat transfer efficiency. Empirical correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor were formulated with high predictive accuracy. These findings underscore the potential of SJA-enhanced, wavy-walled channels in developing compact, high-performance BTMS for EVs operating in thermally demanding conditions, offering a promising air-cooled solution tailored to the thermal management needs of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimization heat performance for different liquid metals in enhanced shape of narrow rectangular channel","authors":"Enpei Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Zhao ,&nbsp;Haopeng Shi ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of narrow rectangular channels is critical for achieving high-efficiency heat transfer in liquid metal systems, widely used in advanced energy and thermal management applications. This study evaluates the influence of channel geometry and liquid metal type on thermal–hydraulic performance in both straight and wavy configurations. Numerical simulations are conducted for five liquid metals—two heavy (lead-bismuth eutectic, LBE; lead-lithium, PbLi) and three light (potassium, sodium, lithium)—and validated against experimental data for lithium and PbLi. Results show that parallel wavy channels with small amplitude ratios achieve the highest performance evaluation criterion (PEC), whereas symmetric wavy channels behave similarly to straight channels due to negligible transverse flow. High thermal conductivity of liquid metals minimizes temperature stratification, while mixing is enhanced with increased wave amplitude. Non-uniform heating reduces <em>Nu</em> compared to uniform double-wall heating. Forced convection dominates across all Reynolds numbers, and inclination variations (30°, 60°, 90°) cause minor changes (&lt;1 %) in heat transfer and pumping efficiency. These findings offer guidance for designing optimized channels for both heavy and light liquid metals, with potential improvements for industrial heat transfer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic polarization effect and lithium-ions distribution non-uniformity coupling heat generation characters inside lithium-ion cell with battery cell design","authors":"Xudong Yuan ,&nbsp;Chuanye Tang ,&nbsp;Hongying Qu ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li ,&nbsp;Shicheng Ding ,&nbsp;Qian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrode structure sizes including negative electrode volume fraction <em>ε</em>_s,n, positive electrode volume fraction <em>ε</em>_s,p, negative electrode particle radius <em>r</em>_p,n and positive electrode particle radius <em>r</em>_p,p are key design parameters of lithium-ion cell. To assess the impacts of electrode structure sizes on heat generation, polarization effect expressed by over-potential and lithium-ions diffusion in lithium-ion cell, an electrochemical-thermal coupling model with battery cell design was presented for a numerical investigation at charge rate 1C and ambient temperature 25 °C. The results indicate that when volume fraction or particle radius of electrode increases, total heat generation power <em>q</em>_tot increases. Increasing <em>ε</em>_s,p increases over-potential <em>η</em> peak of negative electrode, while decreases <em>η</em> of positive electrode in the middle and late stage of charge. <em>η</em> of negative electrode at <em>r</em>_p,n = 7 μm increases by 150 % compared to that at <em>r</em>_p,n = 3 μm. <em>η</em> of positive electrode at <em>r</em>_p,p = 5.5 μm increases by 240 % compared to that at <em>r</em>_p,p = 1.5 μm. Increasing <em>ε</em>_s,n increases and decreases respectively the lithium-ion concentration gradients <em>grad</em>_<em>c</em>e of negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte. While increasing <em>ε</em>_s,p increases <em>grad</em>_<em>c</em>e in the whole cell. When <em>ε</em>_s,n or <em>ε</em>_s,p increases from 0.3 to 0.7, lithium-ion concentration difference between surface and center of electrode particle Δ<em>c</em>_s decreases by 35 % or 60 %. If <em>r</em>_p,n increases or <em>r</em>_p,p decreases, Δ<em>c</em>_s of negative and positive electrodes increases and decreases respectively. Lithium-ion cell considering battery thermal management system was numerically studied at charging rate of 3C and initial cell temperature of 35 °C. When working medium temperature decreases or heat transfer coefficient increases, lithium-ion diffusion coefficient and redox reaction rate decrease, thus <em>q</em>_tot, <em>η</em>, <em>grad</em>_ce and Δ<em>c</em>_s all increase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial dynamics of NaCl solution droplets impact on cold surfaces: spreading and salt-induced phase transition","authors":"Song Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Hou ,&nbsp;Kequan Xia ,&nbsp;Tom Reddyhoff ,&nbsp;Min Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the interfacial behavior of saline droplets impacting cold surfaces is critical for a wide range of thermal, environmental, and crystallization-related applications. This study experimentally investigates the spreading and phase separation dynamics of NaCl solution droplets on temperature-controlled hydrophilic silicon surfaces. Using a custom-built platform with high-speed imaging, we captured the full evolution of droplet morphology, including inertial spreading, salt-induced phase separation, and final solidification. The influences of impact height, surface temperature, and salt concentration were systematically investigated. A modified empirical correlation for the maximum spreading factor was developed based on hydrophilic surface conditions, while retaining the theoretical Weber number scaling while adjusting fitting parameters to reflect salinity-induced changes in viscosity and surface tension. Building on this, a thermal response time model was adapted to account for the influence of concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity and freezing point depression. By introducing a dimensionless temperature parameter, an empirical correlation was proposed to predict the visual phase separation time as a function of both inertial and thermal effects. This unified framework shows strong agreement with experimental data across a broad range of conditions. The findings provide new insights into multicomponent droplet impact behavior and offer predictive tools for engineering systems involving freeze desalination, anti-icing coatings, and phase-controlled thermal microfluidics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the thermal conductivity of solid–liquid suspensions formed by mesoporous cerium oxide particles","authors":"Luis M. Montes-de-Oca ,&nbsp;Salomón E. Borjas-García ,&nbsp;Nikte M. Gomez-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Carlos Villaseñor-Mora ,&nbsp;Pablo Martínez-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation employs the thermal wave resonator cavity (TWRC) technique to obtain the thermal diffusivity and quantify the thermal conductivity in suspensions composed of ethylene glycol loaded with mesoporous cerium oxide particles stabilized by Pluronic F-127. An analytical framework is proposed by combining the Lewis-Nielsen effective thermal conductivity model for composite materials with the Sumirat–Ando–Shimamura model for nanoporous materials to quantitatively describe the effects of volume fraction and porosity on thermal transport properties. This combined approach establishes a three-dimensional functional relationship between the thermal conductivity, porosity, and volume fraction. The mathematical model provides information on non-ideal particle packing configurations at high concentrations, enabling the predictive determination of suspension thermal conductivity based on microstructural parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-fidelity LES of pin fin-jet configuration effects on supercritical n-decane flow and heat transfer in regenerative cooling channels","authors":"Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajie Zhang ,&nbsp;Gongnan Xie ,&nbsp;Bengt Sunden","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active regenerative cooling technology is well-suited for extreme operating conditions characterized by high temperatures and intense thermal loads, serving as a highly effective approach for reducing combustion chamber wall temperatures. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is employed to investigate the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of supercritical n-decane in a jet-regeneration cooling channel with the pin fin, focusing on the critical yet underexplored effects of pin fin-jet spatial configurations. The results indicate that the fluid flow within the jet-regeneration cooling channel gradually evolves towards a quasi-steady state, accompanied by the breakdown process of large-scale vortex structures into small-scale turbulence. The introduction of the pin fin significantly enhances the distribution stability of the thermophysical properties of supercritical n-decane, facilitating uniform temperature field transfer and thereby boosting the overall heat transfer efficiency of the channel. Compared to the pin fin placement schemes in front of and directly below the jet, positioning the pin fin behind the jet effectively leverages the high turbulence intensity in the jet wake region, achieving an optimal balance between heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance suppression. Compared to the flat channel, this configuration leads to an average increase of 3.29 % in the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) throughout 0–1.8 s, with an instantaneous maximum enhancement of 32.6 %. The Thermal-Hydraulic Performance Factor (<em>HTPF</em>) is notably superior to the benchmark value of unity, underscoring its comprehensive performance advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design improvement of alumina feeding system in aluminum electrolytic cells with baked anodes","authors":"Ilya Ivanovich Puzanov ,&nbsp;Nina Valeryevna Klimkina ,&nbsp;Aleksandr Innokentyevich Bezrukikh ,&nbsp;Igor Lazarevich Konstantinov ,&nbsp;Nataliya Viktorovna Belousova ,&nbsp;Marina Vladimirovna Voroshilova ,&nbsp;Evgeniy Vladimirovich Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents the results of investigation on design improvement of the automatic alumina feed system in aluminum electrolytic cells with baked anodes. To achieve this goal, an innovative punch was developed to destroy the crust on the aluminum melt, the design of which includes a thermosyphon. Cooling the tip due to the thermosyphon eliminates the adhesion of raw materials to it, which improves the supply of alumina to the electrolyte, eliminates the need for complex cooling systems, reduces the likelihood of mechanical problems and increases the reliability of the equipment. Evaluation of the efficiency of the innovative punch in the production conditions of a metallurgical enterprise showed that the thermosyphon effectively dissipates heat, preventing raw materials from adhering to it. It was also determined that for the punch to work effectively, the ambient temperature should not exceed 24 °C, and the temperature of the exhaust gases should not be higher than 175 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization study of film cooling scheme for two-dimensional convergent-divergent exhaust system considering thermal protection and infrared stealth requirements","authors":"Lan Bo,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Haiyang Hu,&nbsp;Yiwei Chen,&nbsp;Jifeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address both the thermal protection demands during afterburning operation and the infrared stealth requirements during cruise in the early design stage of film cooling strategies, this study introduces a two-stage optimization framework for exhaust system film cooling configuration. In the first stage, the optimization targets the reduction of average component temperatures, while ensuring that infrared radiation remains within acceptable limits across the 30°–75° detection angle range. This process determines the optimal coolant mass flow distribution among system components by adjusting their respective area ratios. In the second stage, based on the optimized area ratios, each component is subdivided according to local thermal loads. This stage aims to minimize the temperature standard deviation of the heatshield surfaces, subject to the constraint that the maximum surface temperature remains below material limits. Streamwise and spanwise spacings of cooling holes in each region are tailored to meet localized cooling demands. Post-optimization results indicate substantial thermal uniformity improvements, with standard deviation reductions of 20.78 %, 21.90 %, and 30.52 % in the afterburner, convergent, and divergent sections, respectively. The highest local wall temperatures were also lowered by 7.70 % and 7.93 % in the afterburner and divergent sections. Additionally, infrared radiation intensity observed in the <em>xoz</em> and <em>yoz</em> planes decreased by 35.19 % and 32.38 %, indicating enhanced stealth capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}