International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Potential of thermosyphon for passive cooling of nuclear fuel storage vault","authors":"Vivek K. Mishra ,&nbsp;Saroj K. Panda ,&nbsp;Biswanath Sen ,&nbsp;Dipti Samantaray ,&nbsp;M.P. Maiya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the potential of thermosyphon for passive cooling of nuclear fuel storage vaults. For this work, a thermosyphon was specifically designed and manufactured. Experiments were conducted by varying heat load (300–600 W) and filling ratio (40–120 %). Optimal performance was obtained with a 60 % filling ratio. The experimental data obtained with the optimal filling ratio were used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of thermosyphon and determine the number of thermosyphons needed for the vault. Two geometric vault ventilation models; one featuring a thermosyphon and the other without these were developed. The operations of these vault ventilation systems were simulated using the CFD model. The airflow patterns and temperature distributions within the storage vault were compared. The findings ascertain the utility of thermosyphons as an effective passive cooling device in the nuclear fuel storage vault.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the application of cold-mist direct evaporative cooling in data centers","authors":"Ruiyong Mao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Zujing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xing Liang ,&nbsp;Jiri Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of the internet era has driven the construction of numerous data centers worldwide. In hot climate, data centers consume significant energy for cooling. Cold-mist direct evaporative cooling offers a natural cooling solution that can help reduce this energy consumption. This study investigates the temperature and relative humidity changes of natural high-temperature air after being cooled using a cold-mist direct evaporative cooling test bench. The effects of several control factors such as spray angle, spray flow rate, and air speed on the cold-mist direct evaporative cooling performance was systematically examined. The findings revealed that: (1) the optimal spray angle for cold-mist direct evaporative cooling treatment air is 65°; (2) high-temperature air between 27 °C and 37 °C can be cooled to 23.57 °C – 25.58 °C after cold-mist direct evaporative cooling treatment, with relative humidity levels of 67.0 % – 78.8 %, meeting the air supply requirements for data centers; (3) the proposed approach could reduce the data center energy consumption by 14 % – 41 %, while extending the annual natural cooling period by 3.16 % – 20.45 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel liquid fraction iteration methodology for addressing oscillatory issues in the total enthalpy method","authors":"Jibai Kang ,&nbsp;Weiling Wang ,&nbsp;Miaoyong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The total enthalpy method (TEM) has been proposed and employed for several decades to address both isothermal and gradual phase change problems. However, recent investigations into isothermal phase changes have revealed that the phase interface predicted by the TEM oscillates with variations in spatial and temporal discretizations, due to the inconsistency between liquid fraction and enthalpy. To address this issue, and drawing inspiration from the liquid fraction iteration methodology used in the widely adopted heat source method (HSM) to ensure consistency between liquid fraction and temperature, this paper introduces a novel liquid fraction iteration methodology specifically tailored for the TEM, referred to as the iterative TEM (ITEM). This approach is validated against an experimental benchmark involving the melting of a pure substance. Grid and time-step dependence studies confirm that the ITEM effectively eliminates oscillations and exhibits convergence with respect to both grid size and time step. Moreover, the ITEM achieves accuracy comparable to that of the HSM. Finally, the computational costs associated with the ITEM are examined, revealing that costs increase rapidly once the grid Fourier number (<em>Fo</em>) exceeds one. Maintaining the grid <em>Fo</em> number below approximately 0.5 and ensuring the ratio of the relaxation factor to the grid <em>Fo</em> number to approach one significantly improve computational efficiency. The relaxation factor is a crucial parameter within the liquid fraction iteration scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the feasibility of novel reactor configurations for next-generation CH4 storage as an energy carrier using computational, experimental, and statistical approach","authors":"Anupam Chaudhary,&nbsp;Gautam,&nbsp;Satyabrata Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation compares the constant pressure charging and controlled flow discharging performance of five different reactor configurations for methane (CH₄) storage as an energy carrier in the adsorbed form. A 3-D transient model, coupling the porous bed and coolant domain, is considered in this study. The study shows how the storage and discharge performance can be improved step-by-step, starting with an adiabatic case and progressing to adding an external cooling jacket, single and multiple rows of cooling pipes with internal longitudinal, annular, and conical fins. The findings also demonstrate the remaining scope for achieving 100 % isothermal efficiency with Maxsorb III (7.8 % and 4 %) and indigenous activated carbon (AC) IndoCarb GC D612 (0.01 % and 4.8 %) for charging and discharging, respectively. A detailed experiment is done to measure the thermophysical properties of the indigenous activated carbon. The reactor with an external cooling jacket and double row of cooling pipes with internal longitudinal fins is identified as the best reactor geometry based on the charge and discharge performance. Using the Taguchi method, a statistical analysis is carried out on the best reactor geometry to check the sensitivity of different design and operating parameters such as gas flow rate, heating fluid temperature, coolant flow velocity, and the reactor aspect ratio. It is found that, for the maximum effective performance ratio (i.e., discharge concentration per unit pumping work), the contribution of coolant fluid velocity (87.2 %) is maximum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion efficiency analysis and thermal radiation risk quantification for spill fire in sealed ship cabin","authors":"Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Yuancheng Wang ,&nbsp;Congling Shi ,&nbsp;Jiahao Liu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Fei Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the authors conducted a series of one-dimensional spill fire experiments in a sealed model-scale ship cabin with different leakage rates to reveal the combustion characteristics. The results showed that a stable combustion stage with a consistent combustion area and flame height appears around the cut-off of the fuel, where the consumption of oxygen increases when the leakage rate increases. And the CO₂ concentration increases more rapidly and the upward trend is found to appear earlier. Compared with the film thickness in the open space, that of the spill fire in the sealed ship cabin is slightly thinner because of the ventilation control effect. Using the “oxygen-consumption” method, the <em>η</em> of this stage was calculated and verified with the “mass loss rate” method. With these two methods, the <em>HRR</em> of spill fie when burning steadily is calculated. This work also improved the predicting model for the flame height of rectangular pool fire and developed a predicting model for the flame height of a steadily burning spill fire. The error is 14.35 %. Additionally, a predictive model of thermal radiation risk in ship spill fire is developed, and the death risk and unacceptable risk areas are delimited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hole blockage caused by thermal barrier coatings on the turbine vane endwall film cooling performance","authors":"Kun Du ,&nbsp;Xiangpeng Pei ,&nbsp;Cunliang Liu ,&nbsp;Bengt Sunden","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is extensively employed to protect hot components in modern gas turbines due to its high thermal resistance. Laser spraying is used to apply ceramic coating powder onto the target surface. However, when coating the junction region between the endwall and vane, the angle of the sprayer cannot face the surface directly. As a result, excessive spraying in a specific direction will result in hole blockages. Such blockages can disrupt cooling jet outflow, impacting downstream film cooling performance. This study investigated the adiabatic effectiveness of turbine nozzle guide vane endwalls, considering hole blockages. The experiments utilizing pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique and simulations were both conducted, and the numerical turbulence model was validated. For a turbine cascade vane endwall, the blockage mainly occurred on the film holes near the boundary. These blockages significantly altered film flow direction, and increased the cooling jet momentum. For the endwall with cylindrical holes, the impact of blockages on the endwall cooling performance varied with blowing ratios. For the endwall with fan-shaped holes, blockages enhanced the cooling performance. In contrast, blockages reduced the cooling performance of endwall with converging slot holes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilayer one-dimensional Convection–Diffusion–Reaction-Source problem: Analytical and numerical solution","authors":"Guillermo Federico Umbricht ,&nbsp;Diana Rubio ,&nbsp;Domingo Alberto Tarzia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a theoretical analysis of a one-dimensional heat transfer problem in two layers involving diffusion, advection, internal heat generation or loss linearly dependent on temperature in each layer, and heat generation due to external sources. Additionally, the thermal resistance at the interface between the materials is considered. The situation of interest is modeled mathematically, explicit analytical solutions are found using Fourier techniques, and a convergent finite difference scheme is formulated to simulate specific cases. The solution is consistent with previous results. A numerical example is included that shows coherence between the obtained results and the physics of the problem. The conclusions drawn in this work expand the theoretical understanding of two-layer heat transfer and may also contribute to improving the thermal design of multilayer engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impacts of heat sink design parameters on heat dissipation performance of semiconductor packages","authors":"Rilwan Kayode Apalowo ,&nbsp;Aizat Abas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Razin Salim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Fikri Mohd Sharif ,&nbsp;Chia Siang Kok","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impacts of various heat sink design parameters on the thermal dissipation performance of semiconductor packages using a heat sink as the thermal solution. A multiphase finite volume model was developed for heat transfer simulations to determine the heat sink and junction temperatures of the semiconductor assembly. Additionally, a heat transfer experiment was conducted to measure these temperatures over time. The numerical predictions closely matched the experimental results, with a maximum disparity of 0.26 % for junction temperature and 0.42 % for heat sink temperature, confirming the reliability of the numerical model. The results revealed that pin fin heat sinks demonstrated marginally superior thermal performance, reducing the junction temperature by 0.05 % compared to parallel heat sinks. Increasing the base area from 20x20 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>²</mo></mrow></math></span> to 50x50 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>²</mo></mrow></math></span> resulted in a significant 31.64 % reduction in junction temperature and a corresponding reduction in heat sink temperature from 60.41 °C to 36.42 °C. Extending fin height from 10 mm to 50 mm led to an 18.73 % decrease in junction temperature and a reduction in heat sink temperature from 46.07 °C to 34.56 °C. Enhancing the base thickness from 2 mm to 15 mm achieved a 24.35 % reduction in junction temperature and a decrease in heat sink temperature from 63.2 °C to 44.05 °C. The study concludes that optimizing these design parameters can substantially enhance heat dissipation, improving the reliability and efficiency of semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal conductivity of soil: A review on the vast experimental data and predictive models","authors":"Yu-Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yue-Fei Wu ,&nbsp;Li-Wu Fan ,&nbsp;Zi-Tao Yu ,&nbsp;J.M. Khodadadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, a comprehensive review is provided that summaries and analyzes the experimental and modeling studies on soil thermal conductivity. The effects of internal and external parameters on soil thermal conductivity are analyzed by extracting data from existing literatures. Generally, soil thermal conductivity increases with the rise of water content, degree of saturation, dry bulk density, quartz content, concentration of contaminants, etc., while it decreases with ratio of clay particles, porosity, concentration of salt solution, temperature below freezing point. Traditional theoretical and experimental models of soil thermal conductivity overcome the time-consuming drawbacks of experimental measurements, but most of them are only available for specific soil types or conditions. Machine learning methods are gradually being applied in recent years, by which models with better accuracy can be established. In future studies, measurement on soil thermal conductivity in specific conditions should be supplemented, such as temperature nearing the freezing point and above the boiling point of water, contamination enrichment, and state nearby the compaction curve, to meet new requirements in engineering. Meanwhile, based on more comprehensive experimental data, various machine learning methods should be applied to training prediction models with improved performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design correlations for a novel enhanced compact heat exchanger with offset circular fins","authors":"Felipe R. de Castro ,&nbsp;Luis H.R. Cisterna ,&nbsp;Marcia B.H. Mantelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel core geometry for compact heat exchangers, termed “circular offset fins (cOF)”, is proposed and experimentally investigated in the present work. This core design resembles the well-known offset strip fins used in efficient compact heat exchangers, with a key difference that instead of having rectangular fluid flow passages between deflections, this design features circular paths, resulting in fins with semicircular profiles. An experimental study examined heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for five different core geometries. These geometries varied in passage diameters, lengths, and degrees of obstruction. The experiments were carried out over Reynolds numbers ranging from 500 to 3000 at different core wall temperatures. Data was analyzed using Kays and London's steady-state steam-to-air heat transfer technique to determine the empirical Colburn factor. The empirical Fanning friction factors for these geometries were also obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the Colburn and Fanning friction factor data allowed for the development of correlations in the function of Reynolds number and geometry dimensionless parameters. The proposed correlations predict data within ±6 % and ±8 %, respectively. The impact of different geometric parameters on core performance was assessed using the Colburn and Fanning friction factors, as well as area and volume goodness factors, and compared to rectangular offset strip fins. Direct comparisons showed that circular offset fins consistently exhibited a lower friction factor than rectangular fins. Although its Colburn factor was lower than rectangular fins up to a Reynolds number of 2000, circular fins it surpassed that of rectangular fins beyond this point. For the area goodness factor, their performance was comparable at a Reynolds number of 500, with circular fins outperforming after this point, achieving a 1.8-fold advantage at a Reynolds number of 3000. In terms of the volume goodness factor, both types of fins performed similarly up to a Reynolds number of 1000. Beyond this threshold, circular offset fins demonstrated a 1.3-fold improvement at a Reynolds number of 3000, underscoring the potential of the novel core geometry for compact heat exchanger applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}