Effect of charging rate on multi-dimensional signal evolution during electro-thermal coupling-induced thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110344

Rongkai Shang , Shijian Peng , Xingyu Long , Yingying Zhu , Peng Liu

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Abstract

In order to explore the failure characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under electro-thermal coupling conditions during charging, this study conducts comprehensive experiments on thermal runaway (TR) triggered by overheating, with a specific focus on the influence of charging rates on multi-dimensional signal evolution during battery failure. The temporal relationships among temperature, voltage, and expansion force are systematically analyzed across four distinct failure stages under electro-thermal coupling conditions. The results demonstrate that higher charging rates markedly accelerate the onset of TR. Specifically, at the charging rate of 2 C, TR occurs after 1165 s with a maximum temperature of 329 °C, whereas at the charging rate of 0.5C, it is delayed to 2323 s with a maximum temperature of 301.2 °C. Moreover, abnormal expansion force evolution serves as a precursor to TR and can be detected within 484–687 s after heat initiation. This warning window for the TR substantially contracts with increasing charging rates, diminishing from approximately 1487 s at a charging rate of 0.5C–761 s at a charging rate of 2 C. These findings provide fundamental insights essential for enhancing battery safety design protocols, optimizing charging strategies, and advancing thermal management technologies.

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充电速率对锂离子电池热电耦合热失控过程中多维信号演化的影响

为了探究充电过程中电热耦合条件下锂离子电池（LIBs）的失效特征，本研究对过热引发的热失控（TR）进行了综合实验，重点研究了充电速率对电池失效过程中多维信号演化的影响。在电热耦合条件下，系统分析了温度、电压和膨胀力在四个不同失效阶段的时间关系。结果表明，较高的充电速率显著加速了TR的发生，在充电速率为2℃时，TR发生在1165 s后，最高温度为329℃，而在充电速率为0.5℃时，TR发生在2323 s后，最高温度为301.2℃。异常的膨胀力演化是TR的前兆，可在热起后484 ~ 687 s内检测到。随着充电速率的增加，TR的警告窗口会逐渐缩小，从0.5充电速率下的1487秒减少到2充电速率下的761秒。这些发现为加强电池安全设计协议、优化充电策略和推进热管理技术提供了重要的基础知识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.