Enhancing air-cooled battery thermal management using spiral jet arrays in wavy-walled rectangular channels: A numerical study

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110365

Natthaporn Kaewchoothong , Sarawut Gonsrang

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Abstract

This study numerically investigates the thermal performance of Spiral Jet Arrays (SJRs) within rectangular channels featuring wavy walls, designed for air-cooled Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) in electric vehicles. The SJAs consist of spiral nozzles with three helical guide vanes and two full turns, generating swirling jets at a 50° flow angle. Results showed that higher VRs intensify jet impingement, producing stronger vortices and enhanced flow mixing, especially downstream. Lower t/H values yielded more concentrated cooling zones but introduced non-uniform temperature fields due to flow confinement. Temperature distributions revealed staggered cooling footprints, while wall shear stress increased with both VR and geometric confinement. The area-averaged Nusselt number improved by up to 55.1 %, while the thermal performance factor rose by 36.4 %, indicating higher heat transfer efficiency. Empirical correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor were formulated with high predictive accuracy. These findings underscore the potential of SJA-enhanced, wavy-walled channels in developing compact, high-performance BTMS for EVs operating in thermally demanding conditions, offering a promising air-cooled solution tailored to the thermal management needs of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles.

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波浪壁矩形通道中螺旋射流阵列增强风冷电池热管理的数值研究

本研究对用于电动汽车风冷电池热管理系统（BTMS）的矩形通道内具有波浪壁的螺旋射流阵列（SJRs）的热性能进行了数值研究。sja由带有三个螺旋导叶和两个完整旋转的螺旋喷嘴组成，产生50°气流角的旋转射流。结果表明，较高的vr会加剧射流冲击，产生更强的涡，增强气流混合，尤其是下游。较低的t/H值产生了更集中的冷却区，但由于流动限制而引入了不均匀的温度场。温度分布显示出交错的冷却足迹，而壁面剪切应力随着VR和几何约束的增加而增加。面积平均努塞尔数提高了55.1%，热工系数提高了36.4%，表明换热效率提高。建立了努塞尔数与摩擦系数的经验相关关系，具有较高的预测精度。这些发现强调了sja增强型波纹壁通道在开发紧凑型高性能BTMS方面的潜力，该技术适用于在热要求苛刻的条件下运行的电动汽车，为电动汽车锂离子电池的热管理需求提供了一种有前途的风冷解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.