The optimization heat performance for different liquid metals in enhanced shape of narrow rectangular channel

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110369

Enpei Wang , Meng Zhao , Haopeng Shi , Hao Zhang , Yanhua Yang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The design of narrow rectangular channels is critical for achieving high-efficiency heat transfer in liquid metal systems, widely used in advanced energy and thermal management applications. This study evaluates the influence of channel geometry and liquid metal type on thermal–hydraulic performance in both straight and wavy configurations. Numerical simulations are conducted for five liquid metals—two heavy (lead-bismuth eutectic, LBE; lead-lithium, PbLi) and three light (potassium, sodium, lithium)—and validated against experimental data for lithium and PbLi. Results show that parallel wavy channels with small amplitude ratios achieve the highest performance evaluation criterion (PEC), whereas symmetric wavy channels behave similarly to straight channels due to negligible transverse flow. High thermal conductivity of liquid metals minimizes temperature stratification, while mixing is enhanced with increased wave amplitude. Non-uniform heating reduces Nu compared to uniform double-wall heating. Forced convection dominates across all Reynolds numbers, and inclination variations (30°, 60°, 90°) cause minor changes (<1 %) in heat transfer and pumping efficiency. These findings offer guidance for designing optimized channels for both heavy and light liquid metals, with potential improvements for industrial heat transfer systems.

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窄矩形通道增强形状下不同液态金属热性能的优化

窄矩形通道的设计是实现液态金属系统高效传热的关键，广泛应用于先进的能源和热管理应用。本研究评估了管道几何形状和液态金属类型对直线型和波浪形管道热工性能的影响。对五种液态金属进行了数值模拟——两种重金属（铅-铋共晶，LBE；铅-锂，PbLi）和三种轻金属（钾，钠，锂）——并根据锂和PbLi的实验数据进行了验证。结果表明，振幅比较小的平行波状通道具有最高的性能评价标准（PEC），而对称波状通道由于可以忽略横向流动，其性能与直线通道相似。液态金属的高导热性使温度分层最小化，而混合随着波幅的增加而增强。与均匀双壁加热相比，非均匀加热降低Nu。强迫对流在所有雷诺数中占主导地位，而倾角变化（30°，60°，90°）会导致传热和泵送效率的微小变化（< 1%）。这些发现为设计轻质和重液态金属的优化通道提供了指导，并对工业传热系统有潜在的改进。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.