Desalination最新文献

Recent progress in solar-driven interfacial evaporation: Evaporators, condensers, applications and prospects

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118356

Jian Liu, Sai Zhang, Junyan Wang, Qiao Lan

{"title":"Recent progress in solar-driven interfacial evaporation: Evaporators, condensers, applications and prospects","authors":"Jian Liu, Sai Zhang, Junyan Wang, Qiao Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology has a promising application in solving the freshwater crisis, especially in areas with the limited freshwater resources. Rapid water evaporation at the interface is achieved by using the photothermal materials with broad absorption of the solar spectrum in combination with an evaporator design. In this case, the resulting vapor is condensed to produce fresh water. This provides a process that can be continuously produced to address the fresh water crisis. With more in-depth research, researchers have proposed more advanced and effective strategies to improve the evaporation and condensation performance of SDIE systems. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive and systematic summary and overview of the various advanced design strategies for evaporators and the development of condensers. In this review, we highlight the optimization strategies for solar evaporator in solar absorption, energy management, water transport, salt treatment, water-existing forms and other energy utilization to achieve efficient water evaporation. In addition, we primarily discuss the progress in condenser research, from active to passive condensation. Finally, we discuss the extended applications of interfacial evaporation such as wastewater treatment, power generation, lithium extraction and hydrogen generation with interfacial photothermal catalytic. The purposes of this paper are to introduce advanced evaporator design schemes that increase the rate of water evaporation, as well as to present research advances in the design of condensers that improve vapor condensation, thereby guiding the production of more fresh water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment of reviewers

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/S0011-9164(24)01056-7

引用次数: 0

Synergistic photothermal enhancement of the antibacterial activity of fibroin hydrogel by dual-directional crosslink strategy for efficient solar steam generation

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118355

Jingkang Fang , Junkai Gao , Zhongzhi Chen , Mengsheng Xia , Qian Yang , Yan Chen

{"title":"Synergistic photothermal enhancement of the antibacterial activity of fibroin hydrogel by dual-directional crosslink strategy for efficient solar steam generation","authors":"Jingkang Fang , Junkai Gao , Zhongzhi Chen , Mengsheng Xia , Qian Yang , Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silk fibroin (SF) has attracted wide attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and versatile adjustability. The regeneration and reutilization of silk fibroin can efficiently utilize waste cocoons and silk. However, the regenerated SF hydrogels suffer from inadequate mechanical properties and lack inherent antibacterial capabilities, limiting their application in seawater desalination. This study achieved a novel hydrogel (STS@Fe) with photothermal antimicrobial activity, good mechanical property, and excellent durability using a green dual-directional crosslink and meso-reconstruction strategy. The metal-phenolic networks (MPN) were synthesized utilizing the natural plant polyphenol tannic acid (TA) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. This research incorporated MPN into dissolved and regenerated silk fibroin and sodium alginate solution, enhanced mechanical properties through cryogenic salt precipitation, and prepared STS@Fe hydrogel. The inherent photothermal properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and TA complex, coupled with their synergistic effect under near-infrared radiation, can confer excellent photothermal-enhanced antibacterial activity to the fibroin hydrogel. The tensile strength of STS@Fe hydrogel is enhanced 31 times than that of traditional fibroin hydrogel, and its evaporation rate is 4.77 times higher than that of pure water evaporation. The hydrogel has an efficient seawater desalination rate and outstanding antibacterial properties in real seawater conditions. Moreover, The STS@Fe shows effective treatment capabilities for dyeing wastewater and oily saline water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118355"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of hydrophilic Cr-doped LiTi2(PO4)3 ion sieves with expanded cell structure for enhanced lithium extraction

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118354

Mingzhu Li, Xin Shen, Xu Yang, Zhijun Xu, Feng Xue, Shengui Ju

{"title":"Preparation of hydrophilic Cr-doped LiTi2(PO4)3 ion sieves with expanded cell structure for enhanced lithium extraction","authors":"Mingzhu Li, Xin Shen, Xu Yang, Zhijun Xu, Feng Xue, Shengui Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphate-based HTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was a novel lithium ion with a NASICON network structure. In this work, Cr doped was used to improve the adsorption performance by expanding the Li<sup>+</sup> transport channel and increasing the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent. The crystal structure of Cr-LTPO-0.5 was characterized by XRD, XPS, Contact angle and FT-IR analysis, and the morphology of Cr-LTPO-0.5 was analyzed by SEM and HR-TEM. Cr-HTPO-0.5 was obtained after acid washing of Cr-LTPO-0.5. The adsorption of Li<sup>+</sup> on Cr-HTPO-0.5 was consistent with the Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model, in which the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous process. The structure and adsorption energy of Li<sup>+</sup> on Cr-HTPO-0.5 were calculated by the density function theory (DFT) to assess the feasibility of lithium uptake. Cr-HTPO-0.5 showed remarkable selectivity for Li<sup>+</sup> on heteroatoms in artificial brines. These results made Cr-HTPO-0.5 as a highly promising candidate for applications in Li<sup>+</sup> recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A self-floating carbon fiber-based evaporator with a novel sandwich-Janus structure for highly efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118363

Haoyue Wu , Xin Wang , Mengzhu Liu , Yongpeng Wang , Shuyue Feng , Tinghui Wu

{"title":"A self-floating carbon fiber-based evaporator with a novel sandwich-Janus structure for highly efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation","authors":"Haoyue Wu , Xin Wang , Mengzhu Liu , Yongpeng Wang , Shuyue Feng , Tinghui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Janus structure design has been widely used in the solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) recently. However, high thermal energy loss and poor interfacial adhesion derived from a traditional two-layered structure has limited the water evaporation rate. A novel sandwich Janus structured carbon fiber cloth/epoxy resin/melamine foam (CEM) evaporator was designed to achieve efficient photothermal conversion and evaporation. A high-efficiency light-absorbing hydrophobic upper layer, a closed-cell structured middle layer, and a hydrophilic porous lower layer work together to enhance photothermal efficiency, stability, and water transmission.” and fixed grammatical mistakes. Benefit from the structure design, the evaporator was self-floating which can further enhance the stability and efficiency in practical applications. As a result, the CEM evaporator exhibited a high evaporation rate of 3.56 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> in freshwater and 2.6 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> in saltwater(3.5 %) under 1 sun irradiation. And the CEM has a high light absorption rates of 91.43 %. The mechanism of CEM involves absorbing solar energy, which is converted into heat, allowing the water molecules at the gas-liquid interface to gain energy and transition into vapor, thereby promoting efficient evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118363"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional highly porous hydrogel for efficient coherent sewage purification-clean water generation

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118364

Xinye Xu , Qi Liu , Junxiao Qiu , Qi Zhao , Shutong Yuan , Hai Li , Zheng Li , Anni Fu , Jingkun Xu , Baoyang Lu

{"title":"Photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional highly porous hydrogel for efficient coherent sewage purification-clean water generation","authors":"Xinye Xu , Qi Liu , Junxiao Qiu , Qi Zhao , Shutong Yuan , Hai Li , Zheng Li , Anni Fu , Jingkun Xu , Baoyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar interfacial water evaporation based on photothermal materials presents great potential in tackling global water scarcity and environmental pollution. However, existing photothermal materials still suffer from performance deficiencies like insufficient evaporation rate and unreliable long-term stability, as well as single-function limitations leading to incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater, severely hindering their practical applications. Herein, we develop a novel, cost-effective, highly porous hydrogel composite integrated with synchronous photothermal and photocatalytic effects by a facile two-step immobilization approach. This method involves an initial sonication-induced pre-polymerization of acrylamide to produce a viscous solution that uniformly disperses TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), followed by a secondary in-situ free radical polymerization to achieve stable homogeneous TiO<sub>2</sub>/SWCNTs/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel composite with an ultrahigh porosity of 88.40 %. Remarkably, the resultant hydrogel composite simultaneously exhibits excellent bifunctional photothermal and photocatalytic performances, including exceptional sunlight absorption of 99.35 %, high evaporation rate of 3.53 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, and high photodegradation efficiency of 84.27 % for methylene blue. Furthermore, the water evaporator fabricated with such hydrogel demonstrates consistent desalination performance over 40-day continuous monitoring with salt ion removal rates over 95 %, positioning it as a promising bifunctional material for coherent sewage purification and clean water generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can 3D-printed flow electrode gaskets replace CNC-milled graphite current collectors in flow capacitive deionization?

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118362

H.M. Saif , J.G. Crespo , S. Pawlowski

{"title":"Can 3D-printed flow electrode gaskets replace CNC-milled graphite current collectors in flow capacitive deionization?","authors":"H.M. Saif , J.G. Crespo , S. Pawlowski","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As billions of people suffer from water scarcity, finding sustainable water resources is imperative. Flow capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a highly promising desalination process that can produce clean water from saline streams such as brackish and seawater. Conventional FCDI systems employ Computerised Numerical Control (CNC)-milled graphite plates that serve as current collectors and flow electrode channels. However, they have drawbacks such as high manufacturing costs, waste generation, and the difficulty of producing complex geometries required for efficient flow electrode mixing. Here, we successfully demonstrate that 3D-printed flow electrode gaskets, made of non-conductive polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) or a carbon black-infused conductive polylactic acid (PLA), are viable alternatives to traditional graphite plates. In specific cases, the desalination and energy efficiency in FCDI cells with 3D-printed conductive gaskets were even 25 % and 10 % higher, respectively, compared to traditional CNC-milled current collectors. The transition to 3D printing offers notable benefits, such as the competence to fabricate complex designs that enhance internal mixing and charge percolation. This innovation represents a change of paradigm in the way FCDI cells should be designed and manufactured, using additive manufacturing, which represents an efficient, scalable, and cost-effective substitute for the conventional approach, contributing therefore for the advancement of FCDI desalination technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In–situ construction of LixFeyOz coatings on cobalt–free lithium–rich cathode materials for enhanced structural stability and electrochemical performance

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118352

Dongmei Liu , Binfang He , Kaihan Hu , Songyuan Sun , Huigui Wu , Jingbo Chen , Xiangming He

{"title":"In–situ construction of LixFeyOz coatings on cobalt–free lithium–rich cathode materials for enhanced structural stability and electrochemical performance","authors":"Dongmei Liu , Binfang He , Kaihan Hu , Songyuan Sun , Huigui Wu , Jingbo Chen , Xiangming He","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmentally benign and cost–effective cobalt–free lithium–rich cathode materials have garnered significant interest. Nevertheless, the irreversible loss of lattice oxygen compromises their structural integrity, leading to capacity fade, voltage decay, and sluggish kinetics, which collectively impede their commercial viability. To address these challenges, this study introduces an in–situ formation of Li<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub> coatings on the surface of cobalt–free lithium–rich materials by utilizing residual lithium compounds. At elevated temperatures, the residual lithium compounds on the surface of Li<sub>1.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (LMNO) react with FeO to generate a Li<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub> protective layer. This coating not only shields the bulk material from direct exposure to the electrolyte but also effectively consumes residual lithium compounds to suppress interfacial side reactions, thereby enhancing structural stability. The Li<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub> layer acts as a lithium–ion conductor, facilitating the migration of lithium ions and markedly boosting the material's electrochemical performance. Experimental results indicate that at a current density of 1C, the initial discharge specific capacity of LMNO@Fe is 235.24 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with a capacity retention of 91.33 % after 100 cycles, compared to 211.62 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and 77.95 % for LMNO, respectively. Even at a higher current density of 5C, the LMNO@Fe maintains a discharge specific capacity of 148.30 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>. This research demonstrates that the Li<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub> coating on cobalt–free lithium–rich cathode materials offers a promising strategy for achieving high–performance lithium–ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118352"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical review on the mechanism, progress and challenge of electrochemically assisted membrane cleaning in water treatment

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118350

Xianyu Kang , Qingchun Ge

{"title":"A critical review on the mechanism, progress and challenge of electrochemically assisted membrane cleaning in water treatment","authors":"Xianyu Kang , Qingchun Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling is a significant challenge in membrane-based water treatment processes, significantly impairing water recovery efficiency and reducing membrane lifespan. Electrochemically assisted membrane cleaning (EAMC), which employs electrons as the reaction medium, has demonstrated effectiveness in removing various membrane foulants, thereby mitigating fouling. As an emerging technique free of solvents and chemicals, EAMC has received considerable research attention, with a large number of studies published in recent years. However, reviews in this field remain scarce, underscoring the need for an updated study to guide future research. This article offers a critical review of the recent advancements in EAMC. It begins with an exploration of the mechanisms of membrane fouling induced by different contaminants, followed by a thorough examination of the operational principles and factors of EAMC. The review then delves into the fouling removal mechanisms and the practical applications of EAMC, evaluates the strengths and limitations of this innovative approach, and concludes with a discussion of the challenges and potential future directions in EAMC research. This work provides valuable insights into the development and application of EAMC technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118350"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The application of pressure-driven ceramic-based membrane for the treatment of saline wastewater and desalination–A review

IF 8.3 1区工程技术

Desalination Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118327

Yuehua Zhang , Ting Chen , Xianfu Chen , Kaiyun Fu , Minghui Qiu , Yiqun Fan

{"title":"The application of pressure-driven ceramic-based membrane for the treatment of saline wastewater and desalination–A review","authors":"Yuehua Zhang , Ting Chen , Xianfu Chen , Kaiyun Fu , Minghui Qiu , Yiqun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic-based membranes, known for their stability, mechanical strength, and anti-fouling properties, have garnered significant attention for their application in treating saline wastewater and ion rejection. As a green technology, the preparation process of ceramic membranes does not need to use a large number of organic solvents, showing the characteristics of environmental friendliness. This review comprehensively examines recent advancements and optimization strategies in the preparation of ceramic membranes. The discussion encompasses both traditional fabrication methods and innovative techniques such as co-sintering, the introduction of sacrificial layers, and 3D printing. Additionally, the review delves into surface engineering design strategies, including functionalized modifications and the construction of new separation layers on ceramic supports. These advanced designs, such as polyamide/ceramic and graphene oxide/ceramic composite membranes, leverage the strengths of multiple materials, resulting in enhanced separation performance, mechanical strength, and resistance to chemical and thermal stress. The review also highlights the recent ceramic-based membranes applications in saline water treatment. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of ceramic-based membranes are discussed in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 118327"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0