Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Novel electrochemical reactor for accelerated uranium mineralization: Enabling continuous and rapid uranium wastewater treatment","authors":"Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhaowen Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiong Tian ,&nbsp;Dun Wei ,&nbsp;Qi Fang ,&nbsp;Tao Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilong Hua ,&nbsp;Mi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical conversion of uranyl ions in wastewater into stable synthetic minerals presents a promising strategy for mitigating reoxidation and migration risks. This technique utilizes specialized electrodes to enable uranium lattice doping mineralization under ambient conditions. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of continuous mineralization for uranium wastewater treatment is significantly hindered by the lack of scalable equipment capable of transitioning laboratory-scale shake-flask experiments into practical industrial applications. To address this limitation, we developed two distinct electrochemical mineralization reactor configurations: a linear reactor (LR) and an annular reactor (AR), both designed for rapid batch-mode treatment. These systems employed iron-graphite electrode pairs and were systematically evaluated for uranium removal efficiency, energy consumption, and product stability under varying electrode quantities, arrangements, and flow regimes. Compared with the LR reactor, the AR reactor, incorporating a composite cross-electrode design, demonstrated superior performance with a 97 % reduction in energy consumption and a 75 % decrease in iron usage. Furthermore, the AR reactor achieved a uranium removal efficiency exceeding 98.5 %, with 84.5 % of the uranium stabilized in a mineralized form, at an energy consumption of 56.56 kWh/kg U. Parameter optimization confirmed the suitability of AR reactor for large-scale, energy-efficient uranium immobilization, promoting the practical application of sustainable mineralization technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119497"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing and optimizing hollow fibre and flat sheet vacuum membrane distillation","authors":"Hamed Kariman ,&nbsp;Mehdi Khiadani ,&nbsp;Hussein A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane Distillation (MD) systems have the potential to tackle the growing global water demand. Within various MD systems, Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) systems are particularly important in addressing this issue. Hollow Fibre VMD (HF-VMD) and Flat Sheet VMD (FS-VMD) are the two main configurations of VMD systems, where limited studies are available on their comparison and optimisation under identical operational conditions. This study firstly charts the mathematical modelling of HF-VMD and FS-VMD systems that have been developed, accounting for the amount of flux, Gain Output Ratio (GOR), Temperature Polarisation Coefficient (TPC), and Specific Thermal Energy Consumption (STEC) of both configurations under same conditions (i.e., porosity, pore radius, membrane area, membrane type) have been compared. Secondly, optimisation of both systems was performed via the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm to identify optimal values of operational parameters. The results show that the HF-VMD configuration exhibits higher flux, GOR, and TPC, along with lower STEC, compared to the FS-VMD system for all examined ranges of feed temperature, feed flow rate, pressure in the vacuum channel, porosity, membrane thickness and salt concentration. Additionally, TPC was sensitive to feed temperature, feed flow rate, Reynolds number, and pressure, but was found to be largely unaffected by membrane porosity, thickness, and salt concentration. Furthermore, optimisation results show that the optimal values of GOR for the examined HF-VMD and FS-VMD systems are 0.83 and 0.53, respectively. With corresponding optimal pressures of 5.07 kPa and 5.01 kPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119500"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of heterostructure composite membranes with scalable polymer-based coating layers for enhanced membrane distillation","authors":"Wenchen Dai ,&nbsp;Hongbin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Yunyan Ke ,&nbsp;Xiaojiao Li ,&nbsp;Li Gao ,&nbsp;Hokyong Shon ,&nbsp;Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane distillation (MD) holds promise for high-salinity wastewater treatment, but its industrial deployment is hindered by membrane wetting, fouling and temperature polarisation. Conventional MD membranes lack the chemical versatility and structural design needed to simultaneously overcome these limitations. To address these gaps, a scalable dual-layer membrane consisting of a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid layer on a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) support was developed, aiming to enhance wetting/fouling resistance and maintain stable separation performance. The PVA based layer was manipulated to exhibit tuneable physicochemical properties due to the interfacial compatibility between GO and PVA. The thermal conductivities of the dual-layer membranes were heterogeneous, featuring alleviated temperature polarisation. When applied in the direct contact MD process, the dual-layer membranes exhibited noticeably enhanced stability in comparison with the pristine PTFE membrane. Using an aqueous feed mixture containing 0.4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 3.5 wt% NaCl, the composite membrane with 3 wt% GO loading achieved a 25 % increase in water vapor flux compared to pristine PTFE, while maintaining 99.9 % salt rejection at 50 °C (with a permeate temperature of 10 °C). Furthermore, the improved membrane stability was further validated by real landfill leachate treatment, where the 3 wt% GO composite membrane consistently yielded high-quality permeate throughout a 50-h long-term durability test. These results demonstrate a strategy for designing scalable MD membranes with improved stability and thermal efficiency, advancing their potential for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in metal-organic frameworks for membrane distillation: A review","authors":"Zijia Yan ,&nbsp;Binwei Xu ,&nbsp;Jingge Ju ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Han ,&nbsp;Ziyu Yan ,&nbsp;Qingmiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiaojing Zhang ,&nbsp;Weimin Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Membrane Distillation (MD), as a thermally driven separation technology based on microporous hydrophobic membranes, has been widely used in the fields of seawater desalination and brine concentration in salt lakes due to its advantages of high salt discharge rate, high permeate flux, high energy efficiency and compatibility with renewable energy sources. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of porous materials with high specific surface area, tunable pore size, and multifunctional active sites, provide a new strategy for MD membranes to mitigate temperature polarization and concentration polarization, improve membrane stability, and enhance excellent catalytic/adsorption functions with their unique structural properties. This paper describes the basic principles and problems of MD, comparatively analyzes the applicability of six types of MOF materials, UIO, ZIF, MIL, HKUST, AlFu and CAU, in MD. Discusses different synthesis methods and modification strategies of MOF-based membranes, including phase transformation, electrospinning, in situ growth, and vacuum filtration, etc. The pathway of MOF to optimize the performance of MD through the mechanisms of pore size sieving, hydrophobic modification and pollutant adsorption was analyzed. Finally, the future development of MOF membranes in the direction of material selection, membrane structure design and modification, and integration process is envisioned to provide theoretical guidance and technical reference for the breakthrough of the bottleneck of MD technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119457"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified PET fiber sponge with synergistic photothermal conversion function for efficient solar interfacial evaporation","authors":"Qiancheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dahu Yao ,&nbsp;Xiping Gao ,&nbsp;Chang Lu ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Wenqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xinchang Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to population growth, climate change, and the continued increase in agricultural and industrial demand, freshwater scarcity has become an urgent global challenge that requires immediate attention. Solar interface evaporation technology, as a promising method for sustainable desalination, has garnered significant attention due to its high energy efficiency and environmental compatibility. This paper reports on a cost-effective and scalable solar evaporator based on commercially available polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber sponge with directed capillary channels. First, the PET sponge is modified with a dopamine coating, followed by in situ growth of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles as a photothermal agent. This simple and efficient preparation process requires no complex equipment and is suitable for large-scale production. The resulting evaporator exhibits broadband solar absorption (95.8 %), excellent hydrophilicity, and a unique “surface-bulk” synergistic photothermal conversion mechanism, which enhances light capture, thermal limitation, and directed water transport. Under 1 sun illumination, the 2D and 3D evaporators achieve evaporation rates of 2.19 and 3.78 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in pure water, respectively, and 2.04 and 3.64 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in 3.5 wt% saline solution, respectively, with a maximum efficiency of 92.8 %. Even under reduced light intensity (0.5 sun), the evaporators maintain competitive performance, achieving evaporation rates of 1.01 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and 2.78 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. This work provides a feasible solution for low-cost, scalable solar evaporators in seawater desalination and broader water purification applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119502"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous measurement of sulfate to optimize mine water desalination with real-time augmented in-situ raman spectroscopy","authors":"Bruno Grafe ,&nbsp;Philip Johnson ,&nbsp;Shashank Srivastava ,&nbsp;Sebastian Stolzenberg ,&nbsp;Liviu Mantescu ,&nbsp;Heather Tugaoen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral extraction is uniquely complex in its water portfolio, with companies often balancing limiting freshwater intake and environmental discharges simultaneously. Closing the loop on the mine water cycle is difficult with streams of variable quality, and desalination technologies are increasingly required to improve water quality for downstream use or environmentally acceptable discharge. Management of these nanofiltration or reverse osmosis processes requires real-time insight into water profiles, which range from brackish to saline, to mitigate scaling events, particularly on mine process wastewater. Frequent changes in upstream processes disrupt reverse osmosis operation, and real-time, continuous water quality monitoring can provide immediate feedback to allow for proactive adjustment of chemical dosing, maintenance intervals, and operational setpoints to protect membrane life and maintain process uptime.</div><div>We propose real-time Augmented in-Situ Raman Spectroscopy (AISRAS) – a technology leveraging machine learning in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy – to continuously monitor water constituents. In a pilot test, we measured sulfate in a full-scale operational reverse osmosis facility receiving mine process wastewater in a Western African location for over one year. We provided real-time feedback from four different measurement points to directly optimize membrane treatment operations. AISRAS operated well below a 10 % deviation margin compared to laboratory grab sample analysis. Furthermore, laboratory sulfate estimations do not provide the necessary temporal resolution to precisely identify sudden change points in the water matrix. We show that by directly measuring sulfate in-situ, preventative prediction of membrane scaling of calcium sulfate could be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119465"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing carbon electrode spray coating for scalable redox electrodialysis systems","authors":"Daniel Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunjin Kim ,&nbsp;Minhui Kim ,&nbsp;Gamin Kim ,&nbsp;Yeonhwi Kim ,&nbsp;Byeongho Lee ,&nbsp;Seonghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Choonsoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Redox-mediated electrodialysis (redox-ED) is a promising desalination technology that substitutes water splitting with sustainable redox reactions, thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing operational costs. However, the scalability of conventional porous carbon electrodes-such as activated carbon cloth and felt-is hindered by poor potential distribution and limited structural tunability. In this study, we propose a scalable electrode fabrication method using spray coating of activated carbon, carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder onto titanium mesh substrates (3 × 3 cm²) with binder contents ranging from 2 to 6 g (AC2–AC6). Among these, the AC5 electrode showed the best performance, delivering a specific capacity of 570.6 mAh/g—nearly double that of AC2—with an enlarged specific surface area (1361.6 to 1877.5 m²/g) and electrochemical active surface area (6.03 to 8.63 cm²) reduced charge transfer resistance (1.8 to 0.9 Ω). AC5 also optimized a salt removal rate of 1295.3 mmol/m²/h, charge efficiency of 98.9 %, and energy consumption of 117 kJ/mol. Importantly, this work provides the first demonstration of successfully scaling spray-coated electrodes to a practical dimension (15 × 6 cm², 120-fold larger) and integrating them into a 12-pair stacked redox-ED system.</div><div>This study envisions the spray coating as a transformative fabrication approach for redox-ED, offering a simple, tunable, and industry-ready pathway toward large-scale, high-performance, and economically viable desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119493"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional carbon nanowebs for solar-driven desalination and water purification with integrated Photothermal, antibacterial, and adsorptive capabilities","authors":"Bing Gao ,&nbsp;Zhi Liu ,&nbsp;Soon Huat Tan ,&nbsp;Jianghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Siew Chun Low","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing solar energy for water vaporization offers a sustainable approach to address global freshwater scarcity. However, existing photothermal nanoweb systems often exhibit trade-offs between evaporation performance, contaminant removal, and resistance to microbial fouling, limiting their practical deployment. In this study, a multifunctional carbon nanoweb engineered via scalable electrospinning and carbonization demonstrates the simultaneous achievement of high solar-driven water evaporation, selective dye adsorption, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The nanoweb exhibits an outstanding methyl orange adsorption capacity of 1202.04 mg·g⁻¹, effectively localizing pollutants and maintaining stable vapor transport. Optimized photothermal conversion achieves a solar-to-vapor efficiency of 95.25 % with an evaporation rate of 1.58 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ under one-sun irradiation, enabling clean water production of 10.18 kg·m⁻²·day⁻¹ from dye-contaminated water (50 mg·L⁻¹) under outdoor conditions. Performance remains stable over extended operation with actual wastewater. Under saline conditions, the system facilitates effective desalination, yielding ion-free condensate while sustaining evaporation rates comparable to deionized water. In parallel, embedded metallic nanoparticles impart potent antimicrobial functionality, achieving inhibition efficiencies of 98.38 % against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and 97.38 % against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> through synergistic oxidative and contact-based mechanisms. The integration of high-efficiency evaporation, selective pollutant removal, and microbial resistance into a single solar-responsive nanoweb represents a distinctive advancement in photothermal water treatment platforms, offering scalable and multifunctional solutions for decentralized, off-grid clean water production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119495"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new method for measuring multi-parameter of NaCl solution film based on absorption spectroscopy and interpretable convolutional neural network","authors":"Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Yingming Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Yikai Zhou ,&nbsp;Huinan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater desalination is an important approach to addressing water scarcity. In its core process, falling film evaporation, simultaneous measurement of film thickness (<em>L</em>), concentration (<em>C</em>), and temperature (<em>T</em>) is essential for improving desalination efficiency, but it remains challenging. In this study, a new method for measuring multi-parameter of NaCl solution film was proposed, integrating absorption spectroscopy and interpretable one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). First, single-channel (SC), dual-channel (DC), and three-channel (TC) 1D-CNN models were constructed based on absorption spectra of NaCl solution under various conditions. An optimal TC-1D-CNN (Opt-TC-1D-CNN) model was obtained by introducing noise-based data augmentation. It was found that the normalized root mean squared errors (nRMSE) of the predicted <em>L</em>, <em>C</em>, and <em>T</em> are 2.26 %, 3.80 %, and 6.52 %, respectively. Model interpretability was then analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to explore the physical relevance between key wavelengths and characteristic absorption features of NaCl solution. In addition, the proposed approach was compared with the previously developed inversion algorithm and applied to investigate NaCl solution film evaporation processes under different conditions. It was found that the Opt-TC-1D-CNN model shows good agreement with the imaging method and infrared thermal imager throughout the entire evaporation processes. This study provides a new method for simultaneous and accurate measurement of film parameters, with potential to support the design and optimization of desalination equipment. It can also provide theoretical guidance for future studies of other falling film processes in fields such as energy, chemical engineering, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119494"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-plasmonic sensing for predicting fouling on a reverse osmosis membrane","authors":"Noa Stein,&nbsp;Mahaveer Halakarni,&nbsp;Roy Bernstein,&nbsp;Moshe Herzberg","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of municipal wastewater is crucial to the development of new water resources, especially for agriculture. A challenge to the long-term sustainability of this approach is the presence of organic foulants in the feed water. While purification using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane can effectively desalinate wastewater effluent to produce potable water, the main drawback is fouling of the membrane by the accumulation of a layer of organic matter from the effluent. Therefore, monitoring the propensity of pre-treated feed water to foul the RO membrane is essential for robust continuous RO operation. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), silt density index (SDI), turbidity measurement, and side stream membrane modules have been employed to predict fouling and enabling scheduled membrane cleaning. While superior RO fouling prediction capabilities were shown for EIS, other methodologies commonly provide quick but inaccurate assessments or accurate assessments at timescales too long to be useful in preventing fouling. This study investigated an innovative RO fouling prediction methodology, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing. We compared LSPR with predictions using SDI and a recently suggested quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation technique. The LSPR method showed high-sensitivity detection to model and environmental fouling agents by quantifying real-time foulant adsorption to the sensor surface. Our findings demonstrate that LSPR can surpass the traditional SDI method in predicting fouling propensity, likely owing to its high sensitivity to adsorbed material up to tens of nanometers from the sensor surface. LSPR thus offers a precise method of predicting RO membrane fouling that can potentially enable proactive fouling management, enhancing the longevity of membranes and reducing downtime during their operation.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>Continuous wastewater reverse osmosis desalination ensures sustainable water resources, with fouling prediction via LSPR sensing vital for minimizing downtime and optimizing system efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119480"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}