Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Solar-driven polypyrrole-decorated polyester filter cotton for efficient desalination and zero liquid discharge","authors":"Renpan Xing ,&nbsp;Xin Zhong ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Zijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Huang ,&nbsp;Weizhan Zhong ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Weiming Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interfacial solar evaporation technology (ISET) holds significant promise for mitigating freshwater scarcity through solar-driven desalination. However, the advancement of solar evaporators that employ straightforward methods to enhance the evaporation rate (ER), improve salt resistance, and facilitate the collection of salt crystals poses a considerable challenge for ISET. In this study, we developed a photothermal material (PTM) named polypyrrole-polyester filter cotton (PPy-PFC), achieved by coating polypyrrole (PPy) onto polyester filter cotton (PFC) using a simple solution immersion technique. The PPy-PFC effectively reduces the enthalpy of water evaporation, resulting in an impressive ER of 2.44 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under 1-solar intensity. The polyester fiber bundle (PFB) incorporates vertical water supply channels and acts as a water pump. When multiple PFBs are employed to deliver water to the PPy-PFC, it can consistently evaporate 20 wt% saltwater with an ER of 1.95 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. This remarkable salt resistance performance is attributed to the ample water supply delivered by the multiple PFBs, which facilitates the diffusion backflow of salt ions. Additionally, by positioning a single PFB at the center of the PPy-PFC, a unidirectional saltwater-flowing evaporator is constructed. Crystallized salt forms around the single PFB with a radius of 1.5 cm, achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD). This study presents a novel strategy for designing solar evaporators that improve ER by reducing the enthalpy of water evaporation, enhancing salt resistance through sufficient water supply, and enabling the collection of salt crystals via the establishment of a unidirectional saltwater-flowing channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119391"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot-scale membrane bioreactor for source-separated urine: Impact of hydraulic retention time on fertiliser production","authors":"Weonjung Sohn ,&nbsp;Andrea Merenda ,&nbsp;A.H. Shafaghat ,&nbsp;Sherub Phuntsho ,&nbsp;Li Gao ,&nbsp;Ho Kyong Shon","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged hydraulic retention time (HRT) in urine-treating membrane bioreactors (MBR) remains a challenge as it increases system footprint and costs. This study investigated the effects of HRT conditions in a pilot-scale compact MBR system on urine nitrification performance, aiming to determine the optimal HRT threshold ensuring the effectiveness of the produced liquid fertiliser on hydroponic plant growth. The start-up phase of the MBR successfully achieved stable nitrification at a 7-day HRT under pH-controlled feeding, with a high enrichment of <em>Nitrospira</em> as the predominant nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) and <em>Nitrosococcus</em> as the dominant ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB). However, the transition to continuous urine feeding at systematically reducing HRTs of 5 days, 3 days, and 1 day resulted in a decreasing ammonia-to-nitrate conversion rate, dropping from 40 % to 10 % along with a significant nitrite accumulation caused by the high enrichment of AOB over NOB. The urine fertiliser produced under each HRT condition presented distinctive formulations, with a fixed total nitrogen concentration and varying nitrogen species proportions. The fertilisers were applied to hydroponic growth of basil and orchard grass. Both basil and orchard grass showed optimal growth, in terms of roots-to-shoots ratio, at HRTs of up to 5 days. However, orchard grass showed more resilience to the variations in HRT, displaying similar fresh biomass yields across the different conditions. This study offers valuable insights into optimising HRT in urine MBR systems to enhance nutrient recovery as a liquid fertiliser, paving the way for more compact and cost-efficient on-site nutrient recovery and fertiliser application at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119388"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective preparation of CoNi (111) crystal plane to improve hydrogen production by water electrolysis","authors":"Yuan Shi ,&nbsp;Rongjiao Wang ,&nbsp;Shimin Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuqiang Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of hydrogen energy can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels by providing a sustainable hydrogen production pathway. The aim of this study is to selectively prepare CoNi (111) crystal plane catalyst instead of other crystal planes from nickel‑cobalt containing waste to improve the properties of hydrogen evolution reaction by electrolytic water. During the catalyst preparation process, the reduction order and reduction efficiency of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and H₂O in the nickel‑cobalt containing waste leachate were controlled to regulate the electrodeposition of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺, and the generation of crystal planes of CoNi(111). According to the electrocatalytic performance test, the prepared catalyst under conditions of 10 min, <em>c</em>(Ni²⁺) = 0.05 mol/L, 40 mA/cm², <em>m</em>(NiSO₄): <em>m</em>(CoSO₄) = 1:1 has excellent activity, an overpotential of 16.5 mV is required at a current density of 10 mA/cm², and a Tafel slope of 66.5 mV/dec. In this work, using nickel‑cobalt-containing waste as a raw material for catalyst synthesis can not only reduce the cost, but also reduce the harm to the environment. Therefore, this study provides an environmentally friendly and economical method for the preparation of a high-performance and low-cost catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119386"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step engineering of multifunctional ZIF-8/PES membrane for synergistic separation of selected proteins, dyes and antibiotics","authors":"Yanan Song ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoyuan Dong ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Hu ,&nbsp;Jiake Li ,&nbsp;Jianxian Zeng ,&nbsp;Kaipeng Cheng ,&nbsp;Lelin Zeng ,&nbsp;Jie Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the persistent challenges of low separation efficiency and severe membrane fouling in water treatment, we engineered multifunctional mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) through a facile one-step phase inversion method by incorporating zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles (0.1–1.0 wt%) into a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix. The effects of ZIF-8 loading (0.1–1.0 wt%) on the morphology, hydrophilicity, porosity, pore size, water flux of the MMMs were investigated. The optimal MMMs delivered a water flux of 299.2 L/m²·h, surpassing the pure PES membrane by 65.90 %. Furthermore, the optimized MMMs demonstrated a 516 % increase in permeate flux along with a 113 % increase in bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection rate simultaneous, indicating their potential to break through the trade-off effect. The improved rejection rate of BSA was attributed to size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion, originating from the introduction of ZIF-8 nanoparticles. In addition, the rejection rate of Congo Red (CR), Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) elevated from 40.94 %, 15.40 % and 59.33 % to 95.40 %, 37.40 % and 96.80 %, respectively. This enhancement stems from the incorporated ZIF-8 nanoparticles, which simultaneously modulated the MMMs' structure and imparted specific interactions: Electrostatic attraction and π-π stacking to CR, electrostatic repulsion and π-π stacking to RhB, and π-π stacking to TCH. Furthermore, the MMMs exhibited improved antifouling performance with the increased flux recovery ratio and reduced irreversible fouling ratio. This facile one-step engineering strategy provides a scalable and efficient route to fabricate high permeability, multifunctional MMMs with increased rejection and improved antifouling performance for integrated separation of proteins, dyes, and antibiotics in complex wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119377"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient radiocobalt removal from seawater and radioactive liquid waste using a radiation-stable layered metal sulfide ion exchanger","authors":"Fei Han ,&nbsp;Aocheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingquan Deng ,&nbsp;Jiaoting Li ,&nbsp;Shuibo Wu ,&nbsp;Mingdong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingli Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiocobalt (e.g., ⁵⁸Co and ⁶⁰Co), a critical neutron-activated corrosion product in the nuclear industry, poses great challenges due to high toxicity. Effective removal of radioactive Co²⁺ from complex environments is significantly urgent. Metal sulfide ion exchangers (MSIEs) are promising adsorbents; however, limited research has focused on Co²⁺ removal, especially from seawater and real-world radioactive waste. Herein, a layered K₂Cu₂Sn₂S₆ (CTS-1) was reported for the efficient capture of Co²⁺. The charge-balancing K⁺ ions are exchangeable, endowing CTS-1 with Co²⁺ capture ability via an ion exchange mechanism. This mechanism leads to the releasing K⁺ into solution and concurrently immobilizing Co²⁺, which was confirmed macroscopically and microscopically. CTS-1 exhibited Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of 33.96 and 20.72 mg/g in deionized water and seawater at 25 °C, respectively; the overall adsorption kinetics were similar in both matrices. CTS-1 displayed excellent pH durability with &gt;99 % removal of Co²⁺ at pH 4–8 and high selectivity for Co²⁺ in various natural matrices. Impressively, in seawater (<em>C</em>₀^Co = 5 mg/L), CTS-1 achieved 97.38 % of Co²⁺ removal with a distribution coefficient (<em>K</em>_d) up to 3.817 × 10⁴ mL/g, surpassing many existing adsorbents. Furthermore, CTS-1 exhibited radiation resistance; its structure and adsorption performance remained largely unchanged after a gamma radiation dose of 200 kGy. CTS-1 demonstrated the ability to remove nearly 99 % of radiocobalt from real-world radioactive wastewater, while also showing removal efficiency for other radionuclides like ⁵¹Cr and ⁵⁸Mn. Overall, this work provides a highly promising material to tackle radiocobalt contamination in radioactive waste, greatly promoting environmental protection and safety for the radioactive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119379"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Na+-MXene/GP cathodes: Improving uranium binding and selectivity in wastewater treatment","authors":"Mengge Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Ziyin Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Kou ,&nbsp;Mi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilong Hua ,&nbsp;Zhaowen Cheng ,&nbsp;Dun Wei ,&nbsp;Qiong Tian ,&nbsp;Manlu Cao ,&nbsp;Zhurui Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capacitive deionization (CDI) for the recovery of uranium from uranium-containing wastewater (UCW) presents a highly promising and sustainable approach for the nuclear industry. Nevertheless, continuous advancements in electrode materials are crucial to satisfy the requirements for efficiency, selectivity, and stability in uranium separation. This research introduces a sodium-ion-modified MXene material (Na⁺-MXene) and develops an innovative Na⁺-MXene/graphene (GP) electrode to enhance uranium binding and separation in UCW. The results indicate that simple alkaline Na⁺ intercalation markedly enhances the electrochemical performance of the Na⁺-MXene/GP cathode. The electrode achieved effective uranium separation from neutral or weakly alkaline UCW, demonstrating a 56 % increase in uranium separation efficiency (92.1 % at an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L, with an adsorption capacity of 69.03 mg/g) compared to unmodified MXene cathodes. Moreover, the Na⁺-MXene/GP cathode exhibited excellent reusability and resistance to interference, with tests conducted across various concentrations of actual UCW confirming its substantial potential for practical application. Mechanistic investigations have demonstrated that uranium separation on the Na⁺-MXene/GP cathode is attributed to the synergistic interaction between electrochemical adsorption and reduction processes. This is facilitated by bidentate coordination involving oxygen-containing functional groups, particularly hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups, on the MXene surface, which are pivotal for the selective capture and stable binding of uranium. The engineered Na⁺-MXene/GP cathode presents an innovative strategy for the selection of electrode materials and the design of structures aimed at the recovery of uranium resources from actual UCW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119345"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface wrinkling and roughness engineering in polyelectrolyte-coated nanofluidic channels for enhanced osmotic energy harvesting","authors":"Hossein Dartoomi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Khatibi ,&nbsp;Jérôme F.L. Duval ,&nbsp;Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmotic energy, a promising renewable source, offers a theoretical global potential of ∼2.6 TW by exploiting salinity gradients between solutions such as seawater and river water. However, conventional reverse electrodialysis (RED) systems suffer from limited ion selectivity and high internal resistance, which reduces energy conversion efficiency. In this study, we investigate the impact of surface wrinkling and roughness in polyelectrolyte-coated nanofluidic channels on the performance of nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis (NRED) systems using numerical simulations based on coupled Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) and Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. Key parameters include the maximum number of knots (MNk), roughness amplitude <span><math><mfenced><mi>A</mi></mfenced></math></span>, nanochannel radius <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span>, soft layer thickness <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span>, and soft layer charge density <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>PEL</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span>. Our results reveal that increased roughness (MNk = 200) reduces the osmotic current <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>OS</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span> by up to 39 %, but significantly enhances cation selectivity (cation transport number <span><math><mi>t</mi><mo>₊</mo><mo>≈</mo><mn>0.97</mn></math></span>) and raises the diffusion potential <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>E</mi><mtext>diff</mtext></msub></mfenced></math></span> up to 107 mV at moderate salinity gradients<span><math><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>. Optimal nanochannel geometry <span><math><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>45</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span> and high soft layer charge density <span><math><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>PEL</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mol</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo>/</mo><msup><mtext>m</mtext><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced></math></span> yield a maximum power output <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span> of 14.04 pW and energy conversion efficiency <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span> of 0.49. Furthermore, surface roughness modulates the electric double layer (EDL) distribution, mitigates ion concentration polarization (ICP), and promotes directional ion transport. These findings underscore the critical role of surface engineering and nanochannel design in advancing high-efficiency NRED systems for osmotic energy harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119378"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ballistic collaborative transport of water vapor and organic molecules in graphene nanocapillaries","authors":"Choonsoo Kim ,&nbsp;Byeongho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A network of nanocapillaries embedded within graphene oxide (GO) laminates can facilitate ballistic water transport, rendering GO laminates promising candidates for next-generation separation membranes. In this study, we examined the vapor permeation process employed to separate water-alcohol binary vapor mixtures using a GO membrane. Our study aims to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the permeation of binary vapor, which can be attributed to both collaborative permeation and the hindrance effect. The GO membrane, characterized by a longer slip length compared to conventional GO membranes, exhibits a high permeation rate for pure water but no permeation for pure alcohol. Intriguingly, during the permeation of water-alcohol binary vapor, the collaborative permeation of water and alcohols is evident, attributable to the interaction between the water and alcohol molecules. This allows a small volume of alcohol to permeate together with water through the GO membrane. Our GO membrane demonstrated high separation performance in water-ethanol binary vapor separation, with flow rates of 11,000 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ and separation factors above 500, due to enhanced selective water transport. The thermally-driven binary vapor permeation of the GO membrane exhibits trade-off behavior between the flux and separation factor. The interaction between different alcohol molecules and GO sheets has been shown to cause a change in the interlayer distance, which in turn determines the flux of the membranes. This study highlights GO membranes as energy-efficient solutions for water-alcohol vapor separation. The underlying vapor permeation mechanism elucidated in this study offers invaluable insights for the design of next-generation membranes. The utilization of GO membranes for vapor permeation holds considerable potential in the domains of dehydration and purification of organic solvents, as well as in the realm of high-efficiency production of high-purity chemicals and recycling of waste chemicals. This application is particularly relevant in the context of the pharmaceutical and bio industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119359"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic valorization of red mud and spent coffee grounds via one-step hydrothermal carbonization for high-efficiency Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from wastewater","authors":"Yuting Cui ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingqian Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei Fang ,&nbsp;Yaoling Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Zewei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating contamination of water resources by toxic heavy metals necessitates sustainable remediation strategies. This study presents a novel adsorbent, RHC-180/0.5, synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal carbonization under mild conditions, utilizing red mud (RM) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) as raw materials. The biopolymers in SCG, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, transformed into hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups, enhancing the material's adsorption capacity. Batch adsorption experiments showed optimal performance under alkaline conditions. To minimize precipitation interference, the adsorption mechanism was further investigated at pH = 6. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models indicated chemical adsorption and heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, respectively. Simultaneously, the Langmuir model yielded maximum theoretical adsorption capacities of 302.33 mg/g and 154.97 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively, confirming the excellent adsorption performance of RHC-180/0.5. Intraparticle diffusion model analysis showed that surface diffusion dominated in the three-phase adsorption process. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic. Spectroscopic analysis validated the roles of chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and cation-π interactions, surface complexation, and redox reactions in the adsorption mechanism. At pH = 6, RHC-180/0.5 retained approximately 80 % of its initial removal efficiency after ten regeneration cycles, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. This work highlights a sustainable, cost-effective approach to converting agricultural and industrial waste into high-performance adsorbents for heavy metal-contaminated wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119349"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable operation of hybrid semi-batch/batch reverse osmosis by additional purge-and-refill phase: Optimization and life cycle assessment","authors":"Heun Se Kim ,&nbsp;Jaeeun Byun ,&nbsp;Ahyeon Jeong ,&nbsp;GunYoung Kim ,&nbsp;Juwon Lee ,&nbsp;Tae-mun Hwang ,&nbsp;Yong-Gyun Park ,&nbsp;Kiho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid semi-batch/batch reverse osmosis (HSBRO) has been recently proposed as a high-recovery, low-energy, and compact desalination system. In this study, we introduce an additional purge-and-refill phase to minimize internal salt accumulation while enhancing energy efficiency and permeate quality. Experiments were conducted using NaCl- and Na₂SO₄-based feedwaters under varying semi-batch operation times, purge-and-refill times, and permeate flux conditions. The results show that extending the purge-and-refill first phase effectively reduces residual brine, thereby mitigating the initial total dissolved solids (TDS) spike, defined as the increase in internal salinity at the start of the semi-batch phase. However, an excessively long purge-and-refill first phase reduces recovery. This trade-off was addressed by compensating with a longer semi-batch operation time, which enabled high recovery with minimal increase in specific energy consumption (SEC). At a concentration of 4000 ppm NaCl, recovery dropped to 84 % with a 60 s purge-and-refill first phase, but was restored to 91 % by adjusting the semi-batch operation time, confirming that careful balancing of operational phases is critical for maintaining system performance. Experimental results identified optimal purge-and-refill first phase times of approximately 20 s for both NaCl and Na₂SO₄, effectively minimizing internal salinity and operating pressure. Life cycle assessment (LCA) using the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method revealed that Na₂SO₄-based wastewater treatment yielded up to 10 % higher environmental impacts compared to NaCl, highlighting the need for salt-specific operational strategies. These findings establish a practical operational framework for HSBRO, enabling high recovery and low energy demand while incorporating salt-specific environmental considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"616 ","pages":"Article 119364"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}