Desalination最新文献

{"title":"One-step gel membrane fabrication via soft spray technique for dye/salt separation and desalination","authors":"Yuhang Li ,&nbsp;Bingbing Chen ,&nbsp;Huiyan Gao ,&nbsp;Qiuyue Hu ,&nbsp;Xing Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanlin Fu ,&nbsp;Aoxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tieqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective separation of dyes and desalination represents a critical challenge in treating high-salinity dye wastewater. Herein, we propose an ultra-thin bifunctional gel membrane fabricated via a gas-liquid interface-assisted soft spray technique. This method enables precise control over membrane thickness while preserving a nano-porous architecture, which synergistically enhances both permeability and selectivity. By incorporating graphene oxide (GO), the membrane exhibits exceptional photothermal properties, enabling efficient solar-driven evaporation of separated salt solutions. The proposed two-stage treatment strategy sequentially achieves dye/salt separation and desalination, ultimately yielding potable water. During filtration, the membrane demonstrates a high separation flux of 37.3 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ (0.1 MPa) with &gt;99 % dye rejection, while maintaining low salt retention (&lt;8 %), highlighting its potential for dye recovery from hypersaline wastewater. In the subsequent desalination phase, the gel-based evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 1.76 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ under one-sun irradiation (1 kW·m⁻²), coupled with excellent salt resistance. Notably, the membrane exhibits outstanding antibacterial performance and anti-fouling properties, maintaining stable operation over 50 cycles. This stepwise approach not only enables resource recovery but also enhances the sustainability of wastewater management through simultaneous dye reclamation and freshwater production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) assisted interfacial polymerization on a macro-porous nanofibrous support layer to prepare high-performance forward osmosis membranes","authors":"Cong Ma ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Su ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Cheng ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yishan Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forward osmosis (FO) technology is attracting increasing attention for seawater desalination because of its simple operation, low energy consumption, and low membrane fouling tendency. A continuous, suspended, and defect-free polyamide (PA) layer was prepared by SDBS assisted interfacial polymerization (IP) process without collapsing into the macropores of PAN nanofibers. The thickness and roughness of the PA layer increased with increasing SDBS concentration in the <em>m</em>-phenylenediamine (MPD) aqueous solution. Thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes were more hydrophilic and electronegative. The Jw (water flux) of the TFC FO membranes first increased and then decreased as the SDBS content increased from 0 to 0.5 wt%. However, Js (reverse salt flux) exhibited an opposite trend to that of Jw. PAN/0.1-TFC FO membrane provided the optimal FO performance (Jw of 52.5 ± 3.0 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ and Js of 4.9 ± 0.7 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹) when 3 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl was served as the draw solution. It also possessed outstanding anti-fouling and long-term stability properties. In summary, SDBS assisted IP process is a cost-effective process that can be easily scaled up for manufacturing. This approach facilitates the fabrication of FO membranes with excellent performance, utilizing macroporous nanofibers as the support layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118989"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste salt separation by antisolvent crystallization process: Mechanism study of Na2SO4-NaCl-solvent ternary phase diagrams and its life cycle assessment","authors":"Xinyu Huang ,&nbsp;Min Song ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Saijun Lv ,&nbsp;Shuifa Qi ,&nbsp;Chuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Haoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to reutilize waste salt resources effectively, antisolvent crystallization (ASC) method was introduced to separate some inorganic salts with high purity from pyrolyzed waste salt of chemical industry. Methanol, chosen as the antisolvent, was added to saturated mixed salt solutions with stirring to gradually crystallize Na₂SO₄, and then NaCl was obtained through the evaporative crystallization of the filtrate. ASC process could effectively separate Na₂SO₄ of a purity above 90 % from the simulated salt mixture when the ratio of NaCl to Na₂SO₄ was lower than 2.5. The recovery and reuse of methanol in ASC process was also investigated. Applying ASC process to the waste salt samples with the Na₂SO₄ contents of 73.6 %, 21.66 %, and 14.39 %, the product purity met the industrial standards (Na₂SO₄ &gt; 98 %, NaCl&gt;98.5 %), the yields remained relatively stable around 90 % for NaCl, and 98.79 %, 81.92 % and 60.62 % for Na₂SO₄, respectively. By constructing the ternary phase diagram of Na₂SO₄-NaCl-solvent systems, the solvent benefited for the preferential crystallization of Na₂SO₄ was evidenced in the order: methanol &gt; recovered methanol &gt; methanol-water(1:1) &gt; recovered methanol-water(2:1) &gt; water. Due to the extremely low solubility of Na₂SO₄ compared to NaCl in methanol-water, Na₂SO₄'s water solvation shell was broken and its methanol-water solvation shell cannot formed, which resulted in the crystallized of Na₂SO_4. While NaCl remained in methanol-water solvation shell, achieving effective separation of the mixed salts. Life cycle assessment showed that the ASC process for waste salt with various Na₂SO₄ content has excellent economic (929–1888 CNY/t) and environmental feasibility (847–1968 kg CO₂ eq./t).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 118985"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional sulfonate-functionalized covalent organic frameworks for large-capacity adsorption of lithium ions","authors":"Li Cui ,&nbsp;Hefeng Yuan ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Qiaowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hualin Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption using porous materials is an effective and promising approach to the separation of lithium ions (Li⁺) from aqueous solutions, but the current adsorbent materials generally suffer from the problems of low lithium adsorption capacity and poor stability. The covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tunable pore size, modifiable surface and chemically stable structure show great potential to overcome the above issues. Herein, we reported the design and solvothermal batch synthesis of sulfonated (-SO₃H) decorated COFs: TpPa-SO₃H and TpBd-SO₃H for effective separation of Li⁺. It was found that the negatively charged frameworks demonstrated excellent adsorption ability for Li⁺, especially TpPa-SO₃H with a maximum practical lithium adsorption capacity of 145 mg/g, far higher than those reported state-of-the-art adsorbents. Meanwhile, TpPa-SO₃H exhibits superior affinity for Li⁺ in the presence of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺. The spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory revealed that the extremely high adsorption capacity mainly arised from the densely and uniformly distributed -SO₃H groups on the surface of TpPa-SO₃H, unlike porous materials with post-grafted functional groups, the adsorption of metal ions for which was limited due to the low grafting rate of functional groups. Meanwhile, the unique π-π conjugated skeleton structure of COF materials and the electronegative groups as C<img>O also provide sufficient binding sites for the adsorption of Li⁺. This work fully demonstrates the great potential of COF as a designable porous material for adsorption and separation of strategic metal lithium ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118971"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal coupling of low-grade waste heat to achieve high efficiency fresh water production via sponge-based evaporator","authors":"Xiahui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhua Lei ,&nbsp;Ting Shu ,&nbsp;Ying Qin ,&nbsp;Na Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) can provide solar energy for the production of clean freshwater without increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, its low theoretical evaporation efficiency and the complexity preparation process of 3D solar interfacial evaporators hinder the efficient freshwater production and the large-scale application, which cannot meet practical living and industrial requirements. Inspired by the Earth's core-shell structure, we have designed a simple, easy-to-prepare, and scalable all-weather three-dimensional super-hydrophilic polydopamine modified polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PDA/PVA sponge) interfacial water evaporation system driven by coupled photothermal and low-grade waste heat (LGWH). Through adjusting the surface hydrophilicity of the polyvinyl alcohol sponge by covering polydopamine in-situ, the water evaporation enthalpy is reduced from 2130 to 1697 J g⁻¹. A copper tube is embedded into the PDA/PVA sponge to introduce waste heat of 90 °C, achieving water evaporation production rate exceeding 8.73 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under 1 kW m⁻² h⁻¹ irradiation and demonstrating superior durability in brine. And it exhibits strong salt resistance attribute to its excellent water absorption, with almost no decline in evaporation rate in high-concentration brine of 20 wt%. Therefore, this system provides a promising and easily implementable solution for clean water production and salt resistance without imposing additional energy burdens on society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118988"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PBTCA-modified self-crosslinked chitosan gels for efficient electrosorption of uranium from wastewater","authors":"Shengxing Yang,&nbsp;Chunpei Yan,&nbsp;Bin Huang,&nbsp;Tianxiang Jin,&nbsp;Dingge Guo,&nbsp;Minnan Xiao,&nbsp;Yong Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear energy is an essential part of the global energy mix, and its sustainable development relies on efficient and selective uranium extraction technologies. This study presents a 2-phosphonate butane 1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA)-modified self-crosslinked chitosan gel as a novel adsorbent for uranium extraction from wastewater. At an optimized voltage of −0.6 V, the material exhibited an impressive adsorption capacity of 631.94 mg·g⁻¹, along with excellent electrochemical performance and cycling stability. This innovative material, characterized by low energy consumption, high adsorption efficiency, and excellent regeneration capability, provides a promising solution for uranium recovery. This work highlights the potential of targeted chemical modifications in enhancing polymer-based electrosorption technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118984"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable bi-layer membrane for efficient interfacial solar steam generation: Silver‑carbon core-shell nanoparticles for enhanced light absorption and stability","authors":"Salma M. Abo Kamar ,&nbsp;Amr Awad Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Soheir A. EL-Hakam ,&nbsp;E.A. El-Sharkawy ,&nbsp;Awad I. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mina Shawky Adly","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) has recently been a sustainable approach to seawater desalination and purification. Our work mainly aims to enhance light-to-heat conversion by designing a low-cost and green steam generation membrane derived from a bi-layer system based on silver‑carbon core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and tissue waste. The presence of Ag NPs can create a strong arbitrary plasmonic coupling and wide absorption band for more sunlight capture. Furthermore, Ag nanospheres were coated with carbon shells as a protection cover against oxidation to ensure a highly stable nanocomposite and multi-scattering effect harvested much solar light. The localized light density on the photoabsorber membrane is improved by a collaboration of Ag<img>C core-shell to enhance the photothermal capability. The fabricated Ag-C@BC membrane achieved a wide broadband solar absorption and low thermal conductivity. The presence of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) played an essential role in the salt rejection process, which succored the generation of pure water even in very concentrated saline water. The fabricated membrane exhibited a high-water evaporating flux of 1.42 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and further excellent efficiency of 97.4 % under one sun irradiation power. Also, the designed system presented a strong resistance against harsh conditions including hard metals, organic dyes, acidic and alkaline mediums that exhibited an outstanding efficiency of 96.8 % after long-cycle displaying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118972"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertically aligned MXene@PB electrode by directional freeze-casting for simultaneous capacitive deionization of U(VI) and Cs(I) with enhanced performance","authors":"Sen Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Cheng ,&nbsp;Huaichang Yu ,&nbsp;Ji Lei ,&nbsp;Weisheng Dai ,&nbsp;Zitong Luan ,&nbsp;Chia Chay Tay ,&nbsp;Baowei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elimination of radioactive contaminants by the capacitive deionization strategy in aqueous solutions has received significant attention. However, existing functional electrodes prepared by the traditional dip-coating method have high tortuosity, and numerous active sites are inaccessible, resulting in poor removal efficiency. Herein, a vertically aligned MXene-Prussian blue (PB) composite (MXene@PB) electrode was prepared by directional freeze-casting, which achieves simultaneously efficient removal of uranium(VI) and cesium(I). The adsorption experiments reveal that the adsorption equilibrium of the MXene@PB electrode for uranium(VI) and cesium(I) can be reached within 5 min at pH 7 under an applied potential of 1.2 V, which is much faster than those of the non-vertically aligned electrode according to the kinetic constants. The vertically aligned MXene@PB electrode exhibited maximum removal capacities of 476.2 and 378.8 mg/g for uranium(VI) and cesium(I), respectively, significantly higher than those of the non-vertically aligned MXene@PB electrode (365.0 and 307.7 mg/g). Kinetics and isotherm analyses show that the adsorption data fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Most importantly, the electrode shows remarkable selectivity for both uranium and cesium compared to numerous competing ions, with distribution coefficients of 4.43 × 10⁴ mL/g for uranium and 3.56 × 10⁴ mL/g for cesium. XPS studies confirmed that the oxygen-containing functional groups of MXene and amino groups of chitosan interact strongly with uranium(VI), and a portion of uranium(VI) was reduced to uranium(IV) by TiO₂ generated from the oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x, while Cs⁺ ions were mainly trapped in the Prussian blue (PB) lattice and bound to cyano-groups. This work demonstrates the great potential of the vertically aligned MXene@PB electrode for the removal of uranium and cesium, providing a reference for eliminating multiple pollutants simultaneously through rational electrode design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118964"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring polymerized fabrics for sustainable water-driven electricity and salt-water separation membrane","authors":"Zhenzhen Guo ,&nbsp;Jiameng Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Naila Arshad ,&nbsp;Muneerah Alomar ,&nbsp;Nang Xuan Ho ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Fan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sultan Irshad ,&nbsp;Van-Duong Dao ,&nbsp;Xianbao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing energy and freshwater from natural water sources, offers a viable approach to addressing the dual challenges of energy and water scarcity. However, it is essential to develop an effective and balanced water supply for water-driven electricity generation and high-rate salt-water separation in the solar steam generation process. Herein, hybrid hydropower and photo-thermal systems are developed by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) on non-woven fabric (NF) as energy generators and high-rate salt-water separators. The in-situ polymerized non-woven fabric (PPy-NF) exhibites an voltage of ∼0.59 V and a current of ∼18 μA by dropping 20 μL NaCl solution (3 wt%). The detailed investigations indicate that the polymerization degree of Py, water content and ions play important roles in energy output performance. In addition, a PPy-NF based solar evaporation system is constructed and equipped with a unidirectional water supply and air insulation gap for concurrent water evaporation with a rate of ∼2.5 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under standard solar irradiance conditions (1 kW m⁻²) while the crystalline salt is discharged at one end. More importantly, the generated power output is expected to evaporate water to address the issue of insufficient evaporation rate caused by intermittent sunlight. This work demonstrates the structural configuration of multifunctional hybrid solar-driven evaporation systems, which contributes to address effective strategies for energy and water scarcity issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118980"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of membrane characteristics in improving vacuum membrane distillation efficiency: A lattice Boltzmann study","authors":"Hongxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dian Gong ,&nbsp;Yiling Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhangrong Qin ,&nbsp;Binghai Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing water scarcity, membrane distillation technology has gained widespread attention as an innovative method for seawater desalination. However, existing studies often overlook the influence of membrane characteristics on mass transfer efficiency. This study, based on the lattice Boltzmann method, proposes a model for a novel Poly(tetraethynylpyrene) membrane material to reveal the influence of membrane characteristics on the performance of vacuum membrane distillation. The model considers factors such as porosity, tortuosity, membrane thickness, pore size, membrane surface wettability, temperature difference and vacuum pressure on the permeate flux. The results show that the permeate flux increases linearly with both the increase in porosity and the decrease in vacuum pressure, while it decreases exponentially with the tortuosity factor. The results show that the permeate flux increases linearly with the porosity and decreases exponentially with the tortuosity factor. There is an optimal membrane thickness (2 μm) beyond which the permeate flux decreases exponentially. In addition, the permeate flux increases exponentially with increasing temperature difference and pore size. Further analysis of the effect of membrane surface wettability shows that permeate flux increases with increasing hydrophobicity. Finally, the feed temperature and the tortuosity factor have the most significant effect on the permeate flux, followed by the membrane thickness, the pore size and finally the vacuum pressure, which has the least significant effect. The model can be further extended to study other configurations of membrane distillation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118943"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}