Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Molecular engineering for synthesizing flocculation /extraction bifunctional polymer and one-way liquid–liquid mass transfer at oil/water interfaces","authors":"Guo Liu ,&nbsp;Xing Luo ,&nbsp;Shengxin Wang ,&nbsp;Yulin Shi ,&nbsp;Guochen Bai ,&nbsp;Heling Guo ,&nbsp;Ayyaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Tingting Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of high-quality reclaimed water is a highly desirable goal in wastewater treatment. Rational design of bifunctional polymer with both superior flocculation and extraction performance was achieved according to the molecular engineering strategy. Leveraging its bifunctional nature, a flocculation/extraction coupled process was constructed for reducing residual polymer content in reused water. Color removal of about 99.0 % is achieved while maintaining low residual polymer content (less than 3.0 %) by a combination of flocculation with extraction process. The self-cleaning mechanism of the polymer relies on one-way liquid–liquid mass transfer at oil/water interfaces. The polymers preferentially partition into the oil phase when extraction acts as post-treatment control due to the increased partition coefficient at the oil/water interface. Importantly, the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction among bifunctional polymer plays an important role in inhibiting the retro-diffusion of extract-phase polymers to the raffinate phase, resulting in minimal residual polymer concentration in the recycled water. The wastewater with high salinity (60 g/L) can be directly recycled and reused for three-times as new dyeing baths, minimizing the environmental impact of reactive dyeing systems. A new resourcezation strategy of wastewater has been proposed to address challenges of self-cleaning residual wastewater treatment agents by bifunctional polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119506"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A floatable and anisotropic composite aerogel for enhanced synergistic adsorption-catalysis of antibiotics in marine aquaculture wastewater","authors":"Xiaoxia Lin ,&nbsp;Yongli Chen ,&nbsp;Keying Li ,&nbsp;Xiyue Han ,&nbsp;Xuexia Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Li ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of antibiotics in marine aquaculture poses a significant threat to the ecological equilibrium and human health. Collaborative adsorption-photocatalysis based on metal organic framework (MOF) catalysts has emerged as an advanced and highly effective strategy for removing antibiotics from aquatic environments. However, the intrinsic limitations of MOF including their low photocatalytic efficiency and susceptibility to structural collapse hinder their widespread practical application. Inspired by the symbiotic relationship between sea anemones and hermit crabs, we prepared a floating, anisotropic MIL-53 (Fe/Co)-graphene oxide/sodium alginate/nanocellulose composite aerogel (FCG/SC) catalyst via graphene oxide (GO) interface regulation and directional freeze-drying technology for efficient degradation of antibiotics in water. Strategic doping of Co elements within Fe-MOF metal nodes constructed defect structures and improved the catalytic performance. The introduction of GO in the hydrothermal reaction not only facilitates the nucleation of Fe/Co metal cations but also regulates the catalyst particle size and suppresses electron-hole recombination, ultimately enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the directional channel structure of the aerogel shortens the light path, maximizing light absorption on the catalyst surface. The results indicated that the synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic (SAP) degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) exhibited superior efficiency compared to the pre-adsorption photocatalysis (PAP) processes. A significant SAP efficiency of 99.32 % was achieved when the MIL-53 (Fe/Co)-graphene oxide loading rate reached 30 wt%. Moreover, FCG/SC exhibited exceptional SAP degradation efficiency of 70.12 % even challenged with aquaculture wastewater containing NH₄Cl, KNO₃, NaNO₂, KH₂PO₄, and glucose. Crucially, the FCG/SC demonstrated exceptional stability and reusability. Five consecutive cycles revealed no substantial damage to the surface structure or catalyst leaching, and the degradation efficiency still can be remained at 96.16 %. This highly efficient and reusable composite aerogel offers a novel approach for the removal of TC-HCl from marine aquaculture wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119504"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seawater desalination in China: Current situation, problems, and development prospects","authors":"Rui hao Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng peng Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng hui Wang ,&nbsp;Dai wang Song ,&nbsp;Pengfei Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wang ,&nbsp;Ren wen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China is confronted with worsening water scarcity, driven by limited per capita resources, pronounced spatiotemporal imbalances, rapid economic growth, and the intensifying impacts of climate extremes. In response to these pressing issues, seawater desalination has emerged as a strategic supplement to conventional water resources. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent development of seawater desalination in China, systematically summarizes the evolution of China's seawater desalination industry over the past decades, encompassing policy frameworks, scale expansion, technological advancements, and equipment innovation. It analyzes the development models and competitive advantages of coastal provinces and cities in terms of engineering scale, technological capabilities, enterprise competitiveness, and policy support. Additionally, this review also addresses critical public concerns regarding the safety of desalinated water, its economic viability compared to conventional water sources, and potential environmental impacts, including brine discharge and energy consumption. Comparative assessments show that desalination can be cost-competitive with alternative large-scale water transfer projects, though it still faces challenges of high energy demand and reliance on imported key components. Future development requires scaling up large projects, advancing domestic membrane and energy-recovery technologies, strengthening policy and financial support, and promoting integration with renewable energy and resource recovery. The Chinese experience provides both a reference and a practical framework for other water-stressed coastal regions worldwide seeking sustainable desalination solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119436"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the feasibility of green scaling inhibitors in fertilizer-driven forward osmosis process: Application of methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) to replace commercial scaling inhibitors","authors":"Ganghyeon Jeong ,&nbsp;Duksoo Jang ,&nbsp;Am Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a strategy used to establish forward osmosis (FO) as a single water treatment method. In FDFO, phosphate from the draw solution is transported to the feed side and induces membrane scaling by interacting with divalent ions on the membrane surface. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is generally applied to prevent membrane scaling in FDFO, but it can lead to the discharge of toxic metal ions into the water system. Therefore, in this study, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA; dicarboxymethyl alaninate) and glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) were evaluated as potential “green” scaling inhibitors of FDFO desalination, based on feed conditions—scaling inhibitor concentration, feed pH, and temperature—and biodegradation extent. Among these, EDTA and MGDA were more effective in mitigating scale formation than GLDA because of their high chelation effect on divalent ions in batch experiments. With FDFO, the flux decline ratio was improved under the following three cases: (1) increasing the scaling inhibitor concentration to over 10 ppm by enhancing the chelation effect and hindering phosphate transport, (2) decreasing the feed pH by maintaining protonated phosphate, and (3) decreasing the feed temperature by reducing the reaction energy. Moreover, MGDA showed a 100 % biodegradation rate within 21 days, whereas EDTA was not degraded by microorganisms, even after 28 days. This study confirmed that MGDA has the potential to replace EDTA in FDFO and water treatment plants and suggested an outstanding eco-friendly operational procedure for its application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119503"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the molecular differences in partitioning of higher- and lower-valent counterions in densely charged cation exchange membranes","authors":"Yvonne Voon,&nbsp;Zi Wei Ng,&nbsp;K.B. Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing metal ion recycling necessitates a fundamental understanding of competitive <em>multivalent</em> ion sorption in ion exchange membranes, particularly at the molecular scale. Here, we develop a molecular theory to systematically quantify sorption forces driving the partitioning of counterions with distinct valencies (e.g., trivalent/monovalent and trivalent/divalent pairs). Unlike prior studies, we resolve spatially dependent sorption forces under the landscape of condensation phenomena, revealing how dielectric, electrical, and osmotic forces synergistically govern competitive ion partitioning. Decoupling the molecular-level mobile ion sorption mechanisms demonstrates that Donnan and dielectric effects modulate macroscale partitioning trends. Strikingly, at the polymer-chain level, condensed trivalent counterions remain largely invariant to bulk solution concentration changes, mostly equilibrating in that state. Our theory is validated against data, successfully replicating global partitioning equilibria between binary salt solutions and membranes while predicting condensed-phase ion fractions. Collectively, this work establishes a chain-to-membrane multilevel framework that bridges macroscopic sorption behavior with molecular interactions, offering predictive insights for tailoring ion exchange membranes, for instance, in rare metal recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119463"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel electrochemical reactor for accelerated uranium mineralization: Enabling continuous and rapid uranium wastewater treatment","authors":"Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhaowen Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiong Tian ,&nbsp;Dun Wei ,&nbsp;Qi Fang ,&nbsp;Tao Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilong Hua ,&nbsp;Mi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical conversion of uranyl ions in wastewater into stable synthetic minerals presents a promising strategy for mitigating reoxidation and migration risks. This technique utilizes specialized electrodes to enable uranium lattice doping mineralization under ambient conditions. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of continuous mineralization for uranium wastewater treatment is significantly hindered by the lack of scalable equipment capable of transitioning laboratory-scale shake-flask experiments into practical industrial applications. To address this limitation, we developed two distinct electrochemical mineralization reactor configurations: a linear reactor (LR) and an annular reactor (AR), both designed for rapid batch-mode treatment. These systems employed iron-graphite electrode pairs and were systematically evaluated for uranium removal efficiency, energy consumption, and product stability under varying electrode quantities, arrangements, and flow regimes. Compared with the LR reactor, the AR reactor, incorporating a composite cross-electrode design, demonstrated superior performance with a 97 % reduction in energy consumption and a 75 % decrease in iron usage. Furthermore, the AR reactor achieved a uranium removal efficiency exceeding 98.5 %, with 84.5 % of the uranium stabilized in a mineralized form, at an energy consumption of 56.56 kWh/kg U. Parameter optimization confirmed the suitability of AR reactor for large-scale, energy-efficient uranium immobilization, promoting the practical application of sustainable mineralization technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119497"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective lithium recovery from simulated shale gas produced water using an ionic liquid extraction system","authors":"Junbeum Lee ,&nbsp;Ramanadha Mangiri ,&nbsp;Geonhee Jang ,&nbsp;Omayma Jbari ,&nbsp;Yongwoo Lee ,&nbsp;Eunhyea Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic fracturing to extract shale gas generates produced water containing high concentrations of lithium, along with interfering divalent ions and organic matter which originate from both the reservoir and the fracturing fluid. To selectively recover lithium from this complex matrix, we employed sequential pretreatment steps—adsorption and precipitation followed by solvent extraction using a bi-functional ionic liquid composed of Cyphos IL 101 and D2EHPA. The integrated process achieved a maximum lithium extraction efficiency of 85.9 %, with a stripping efficiency of 89.6 %, resulting in an overall lithium recovery of 71.5 %. These results demonstrate the potential of ionic liquid-based extraction combined with pretreatment as an effective strategy for lithium recovery from high-salinity industrial wastewater such as shale gas produced water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119498"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of hierarchical Zn-HHTP/LDH heterostructures for selective and enhanced lithium extraction via capacitive deionization","authors":"Chang He ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhong ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Song ,&nbsp;Yanzhou Tang ,&nbsp;Junhao Chen ,&nbsp;Rengui Weng ,&nbsp;Xusheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhang Yan ,&nbsp;Yang Qu ,&nbsp;Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Zhuwu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and sustainable lithium extraction from aqueous resources is vital for advancing next-generation energy storage technologies. However, conventional LiAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) adsorbents are hindered by low adsorption capacity, sluggish ion transport, and poor regeneration. Here, we present a hierarchically engineered Zn-HHTP/LDH heterostructured electrode, prepared by Zn doping into LiAl-LDH to form LiZnAl-LDH on carbon cloth, followed by <em>in situ</em> coordination with 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) to construct a conductive metal–organic framework (c-MOF). The resulting <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span>-d conjugated interface significantly enhances charge transport, accelerates Li<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> diffusion, and increases the density of active sites. When applied in a capacitive deionization (CDI) system, the electrode delivers a high Li<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> adsorption capacity (50.25 mg g<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>), excellent specific capacitance (198.33 F g<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in 10 mM LiCl), and superior cycling stability (87.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles). In complex brines, it achieves exceptional selectivity (Li<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>/Mg<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> = 17.75). Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the enhanced performance originates from interfacial charge redistribution, a reduced Li<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> migration barrier (0.24 eV), and robust Zn-O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> coordination. This work offers a promising CDI platform and provides mechanistic insights into the rational design of heterostructured electrodes for efficient and selective lithium recovery from challenging aqueous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119490"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing and optimizing hollow fibre and flat sheet vacuum membrane distillation","authors":"Hamed Kariman ,&nbsp;Mehdi Khiadani ,&nbsp;Hussein A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane Distillation (MD) systems have the potential to tackle the growing global water demand. Within various MD systems, Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) systems are particularly important in addressing this issue. Hollow Fibre VMD (HF-VMD) and Flat Sheet VMD (FS-VMD) are the two main configurations of VMD systems, where limited studies are available on their comparison and optimisation under identical operational conditions. This study firstly charts the mathematical modelling of HF-VMD and FS-VMD systems that have been developed, accounting for the amount of flux, Gain Output Ratio (GOR), Temperature Polarisation Coefficient (TPC), and Specific Thermal Energy Consumption (STEC) of both configurations under same conditions (i.e., porosity, pore radius, membrane area, membrane type) have been compared. Secondly, optimisation of both systems was performed via the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm to identify optimal values of operational parameters. The results show that the HF-VMD configuration exhibits higher flux, GOR, and TPC, along with lower STEC, compared to the FS-VMD system for all examined ranges of feed temperature, feed flow rate, pressure in the vacuum channel, porosity, membrane thickness and salt concentration. Additionally, TPC was sensitive to feed temperature, feed flow rate, Reynolds number, and pressure, but was found to be largely unaffected by membrane porosity, thickness, and salt concentration. Furthermore, optimisation results show that the optimal values of GOR for the examined HF-VMD and FS-VMD systems are 0.83 and 0.53, respectively. With corresponding optimal pressures of 5.07 kPa and 5.01 kPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119500"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of heterostructure composite membranes with scalable polymer-based coating layers for enhanced membrane distillation","authors":"Wenchen Dai ,&nbsp;Hongbin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Yunyan Ke ,&nbsp;Xiaojiao Li ,&nbsp;Li Gao ,&nbsp;Hokyong Shon ,&nbsp;Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane distillation (MD) holds promise for high-salinity wastewater treatment, but its industrial deployment is hindered by membrane wetting, fouling and temperature polarisation. Conventional MD membranes lack the chemical versatility and structural design needed to simultaneously overcome these limitations. To address these gaps, a scalable dual-layer membrane consisting of a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid layer on a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) support was developed, aiming to enhance wetting/fouling resistance and maintain stable separation performance. The PVA based layer was manipulated to exhibit tuneable physicochemical properties due to the interfacial compatibility between GO and PVA. The thermal conductivities of the dual-layer membranes were heterogeneous, featuring alleviated temperature polarisation. When applied in the direct contact MD process, the dual-layer membranes exhibited noticeably enhanced stability in comparison with the pristine PTFE membrane. Using an aqueous feed mixture containing 0.4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 3.5 wt% NaCl, the composite membrane with 3 wt% GO loading achieved a 25 % increase in water vapor flux compared to pristine PTFE, while maintaining 99.9 % salt rejection at 50 °C (with a permeate temperature of 10 °C). Furthermore, the improved membrane stability was further validated by real landfill leachate treatment, where the 3 wt% GO composite membrane consistently yielded high-quality permeate throughout a 50-h long-term durability test. These results demonstrate a strategy for designing scalable MD membranes with improved stability and thermal efficiency, advancing their potential for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}