Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Highly efficient separation of tungsten and molybdenum by selective adsorption with iron based metal organic framework enhanced by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as complex agent","authors":"Congjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Xi ,&nbsp;Liwen Ma ,&nbsp;Na Chen ,&nbsp;Zuoren Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The separation of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) has consistently posed a challenge and complexity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold great potential for addressing this issue. This research investigated the adsorption and separation performance of MIL-53 (Fe) for W and Mo. Additionally, this study introduced an innovative cetyltrimethyl (CTAB) complexation strategy that selectively restricted Mo adsorption while improving separation performance MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized using a solvothermal method. The physical and chemical properties of MIL-53(Fe), along with its adsorption and separation performance and mechanism, were comprehensively characterized and analyzed using multiple techniques, including instrumental analysis and computational tools. MIL-53(Fe) with a uniform pore size was successfully synthesized by crystallizing for 20 h at 110 °C. This research demonstrated excellent W/Mo separation performance under neutral and alkaline conditions, the highest separation factor (β_W/Mo) was 23.93, alongside a maximum adsorption capacity for W (Q_W) of 547.6 mg/g. After the addition of CTAB complexed with MoO₄²⁻, the maximum separation factor has been enhanced to 37.73 with Q_W = 1272.4 mg/g. This material maintained stable W adsorption capacity and separation factor within the pH range of 7–12. Adsorption capacity remained above 90 % after five adsorption-desorption cycles. It was found that the mechanism involved the electrostatic attraction, and the Fe metal sites exhibited a stronger affinity for W. This material demonstrates significant potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly adsorbent for the separation of W and Mo in the field of resource recovery, targeting the efficient and high-quality regeneration of both metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119122"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional carbon nanotube sponge supported LiMn2O4 hybrid for electrochemical lithium extraction with high capacity and stability","authors":"Zhifan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Kong ,&nbsp;Ziming Ye ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Jiankun Sun ,&nbsp;Anyuan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) has been widely studied as a green and cost-effective electrochemical active material for lithium extraction from brine. Despite its potential, LMO faces inherent challenges such as poor conductivity and low stability, which lead to high energy consumption and rapid performance decay, thereby limiting its practical application. Here, a freestanding carbon nanotube sponge (CS) supported LMO (LMO@CS) hybrid is constructed through in-situ electrochemical anodic oxidation growth and hydrothermal lithiation. The three-dimensional (3D), conductive, and hydrophilic CS substrate can efficiently disperse the LMO nanoparticles and connect them, which endows the hybrid with reduced charge transfer resistance and shortened ion diffusion pathways, as well as high separation capability and enhanced structural stability. Consequently, when serving as a lithium extraction electrode, the optimal LMO@CS hybrid exhibits a lithium capacity of up to 4.12 mmol g⁻¹ and a high capacity retention of 87.8 % over 100 cycles. By employing the LMO@CS//Ag system in synthetic brine, the separation factors of Li⁺/Na⁺, Li⁺/K⁺, and Li⁺/Mg²⁺ reach 259, 73, and 76 after 10 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the CS substrate can be recycled through an environmentally friendly process, extending its usability even after the LMO@CS electrode deteriorates over extended use. This study highlights the effectiveness of the 3D and binder-free LMO@CS hybrid design in maximizing the performance of pristine LMO and offers a promising route for developing high-performance electrodes in electrochemical lithium extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119129"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous multiparameter measurement of NaCl solution liquid film based on absorption spectroscopy technique","authors":"Yingming Sun,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;Xin Guo,&nbsp;Yilong Liu,&nbsp;Yikai Zhou,&nbsp;Chang Zhao,&nbsp;Huinan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the seawater desalination falling-film evaporation process, the formation of crystallization on the outer surface of the evaporator tube is closely related to multiple parameters, such as liquid film thickness, temperature, and concentration (mass fraction). Therefore, high-precision quantitative analysis of these parameters is essential for providing data support to optimize evaporator design, effectively preventing the formation of crystallization on the outer surface of the evaporator tube, and improving the evaporation rate during the seawater desalination falling-film evaporation process. In this study, NaCl solution is used as the research subject, and a new method for simultaneous multiparameter measurement of NaCl solution liquid film based on absorption spectroscopy is proposed. The measurement accuracy of this method is verified using a self-made standard device. The results show that the average relative deviations of the measured liquid film thickness, temperature, and concentration from the known values are 5.30 %, 0.10 %, and 3.30 % respectively. In addition, by combining a high-speed camera with a thermal imager, the evaporation process of NaCl solution liquid films on a horizontal quartz glass plate was studied under different temperatures (298.00 K, 303.00 K, 308.00 K, and 313.00 K) and varying initial concentrations (5.00 %, 10.00 %, 15.00 %, and 20.00 %). The results indicate that both the volume change rate and concentration change rate of the NaCl solution liquid film increase with the rise in liquid film temperature, while they decrease with the increase in initial concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119130"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Na+ solvation behavior on evaporation processes in solar-driven interfacial evaporation systems","authors":"Shuangchao Tian,&nbsp;Teng Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhou,&nbsp;Xing Li,&nbsp;Tianyu Gu,&nbsp;Jiawei Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) systems, as energy-efficient and innovative water treatment technologies, face a critical challenge: their evaporation efficiency is markedly influenced by the microscopic state of water molecules in saline solutions, such as hydrogen-bond networks and ion hydration behavior. This study investigates the dissolution behavior of sodium ions (Na⁺) and its regulatory mechanism on SDIE performance through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing that Na⁺ ions form stable [Na(H₂O)₅]⁺ hydration clusters via coordination with five water molecules. Within these clusters, coordinated water molecules lose approximately 0.11 electrons, inducing structural distortions characterized by elongation of the O<img>H bond length from 0.970 Å (free water) to 0.972 Å (coordinated water), expansion of the H-O-H bond angle from 102.59° to 103.47°, and reduction of the O<img>H bond order from 0.872 (free water) to 0.841 (coordinated water), collectively weakening hydrogen bond strength and enhancing the chemical reactivity of coordinated water. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further demonstrates that increasing salt concentration in NaCl solutions triggers a red shift in the O<img>H stretching <em>v</em>ibration peak (v(O<img>H)), indicative of weakened hydrogen-bond networks. However, the strong binding energy between Na⁺ and water molecules (−25.79 kcal·mol⁻¹), significantly surpassing the intermolecular interaction energy between water molecules (−3.97 kcal·mol⁻¹), suppresses evaporation rates by approximately 18 % through a hydration‑hydrogen bond competition mechanism. By elucidating these molecular-scale regulatory effects of salt ions on SDIE systems, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for optimizing evaporation efficiency in high-salinity environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119128"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of pH regulator on controlling the adsorption performance of LDHs type adsorbents toward Li+ from brines","authors":"Zhangfa Yu ,&nbsp;Chunxi Hai ,&nbsp;Yanle Li ,&nbsp;Xuequn Li ,&nbsp;Hongbo Sun ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Longgang Li ,&nbsp;Xudong Yu ,&nbsp;Wanghai He ,&nbsp;Ying Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum-based lithium adsorbent is a kind of bilayer hydroxide. Due to its advantages such as environmental friendliness, simple elution process and good cycling stability, it is usually regarded as one of the most effective and practical solid Li⁺ collectors in brine. However, the adsorbent is limited by its low adsorption capacity and fragile intrinsic structure, and its long-term cycle adsorption in real brine is restricted. Up to now, the intercalation strategies of different anions are common methods to solve the above problems. Considering the importance of pH regulation during the precipitation process, different pH regulators were designed for pH regulation, and different anions were introduced for intercalation at the same time.</div><div>A detailed study was conducted on how the intercalation behavior of different anions affects the lithium extraction performance of aluminum-based adsorbents. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the prepared LDHs adsorbent depends on the pH regulators HCl (8.4 mg/g), H₂SO₄ (7.2 mg/g), HNO₃ (7.2 mg/g) and H₃PO₄ (4.4 mg/g). Among them, the adsorbent obtained by using H₂SO₄ as the pH regulator exhibited a capacity retention rate higher than 90 % after five desorption/adsorption cycles in real brine. The intercalation of highly negatively charged ions with larger ion radii significantly alters the interlayer spacing of the adsorbent. Although it does not contribute significantly to the adsorption capacity, it enhances the cycling stability of the adsorbent in real brine. This is attributed to the electrostatic interaction that makes the AlO₆ octahedral connection tighter, thereby improving the intrinsic structure of the adsorbent's anti-interference ability against high-concentration impurity ions from the outside. Based on the structure-performance relationship of adsorbents, the control mechanism of adsorbents was summarized, and the key factors for selecting pH regulators were preliminarily proposed. This research can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the configuration and preparation of highly efficient lithium adsorbents to effectively recover Li⁺ from various brine resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-dependent effects of chlorine dioxide on polyamide membranes: Performance, surface characterization, and degradation mechanisms","authors":"Byung-Moon Jun ,&nbsp;Yu-Kyung Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Nam Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is known to degrade polyamide (PA) membranes, but the extent and mechanism of this degradation under varying pH conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically evaluated the impact of ClO₂ exposure (100 ppm) across different pH values (4, 10, and 12) on the performance and physicochemical properties of two classes of PA membranes: <em>m</em>-phenylenediamine (MPD)-based membranes (NF90 and BW30) and a piperazine-based membrane (NF270). Under acidic conditions (pH 4), minimal changes in pure water flux were observed for all membranes. Cross-flow filtration tests indicated a moderate decrease in flux (~3 LMH) and an increase in salt rejection (from 84 % to 92 %) for NF90 membranes, reflecting structural rearrangement from N-chlorination reactions induced by chlorine species formed under acidic conditions. In contrast, alkaline conditions (pH 12) resulted in extensive degradation, evidenced by significant flux increases (approximately 10-fold for NF90 and 24-fold for BW30) and drastic reductions in salt rejection (from 81 % to 0 % for NF90). This degradation was due to direct electrophilic attacks by ClO₂ molecules on deprotonated amide nitrogens, causing substantial removal of the PA layer. The piperazine-based NF270 membrane demonstrated excellent resistance to ClO₂ degradation across all pH conditions, exhibiting only minimal performance changes. These results highlight the critical role of membrane chemical structure in determining resilience to ClO₂ treatment and provide a quantitative basis for selecting appropriate membranes and operating conditions in industrial desalination processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic covalent assembly of hierarchical COF hollow fibers for selective dye remediation","authors":"Huiling Chen ,&nbsp;Xiubei Yang ,&nbsp;Guiping Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhe Mu ,&nbsp;Chengbing Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remediation of toxic dye pollutants <em>via</em> covalent organic frameworks (COFs) presents a promising yet challenging strategy for sustainable water purification, as conventional powdered COFs face critical limitations in recyclability and secondary contamination risks. Herein, we introduce a paradigm-shifting approach combining template-assisted electrospinning with room-temperature dynamic covalent chemistry to fabricate hierarchically porous TAPT-TFPT COF hollow fibers, which address these bottlenecks. The synthesized fibers exhibit crystallographically ordered 2.2 nm pores, a high surface area (1402 m² g⁻¹), and reliable chemical/thermal stability. These structural merits translate to unprecedented Congo red (CR) adsorption performance with a maximum capacity of 3670 mg g⁻¹ (3–15 times higher than state-of-the-art COFs), size-selective removal efficiency, and comprehensive adsorption metrics including rapid kinetics (95 % removal in 6 h), pH adaptability (50–99 % efficiency across pH 2–12), and cyclic stability (90 % retention after 5 cycles). Mechanistic analyses reveal chemisorption-dominated Langmuir monolayer adsorption governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics, with molecular recognition driven by synergistic pore-size matching, multivalent hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. This work establishes an ambient aqueous synthesis platform for macroscopic COF architectures while redefining performance benchmarks for industrial-scale water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119124"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep eutectic solvent extraction strategy based on primary ammonium and β-diketone for separating Li from high Na/Li brine","authors":"Yun Gao ,&nbsp;Hepeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Peilin Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Old brine from salt lake often contain high proportions of mineral elements such as potassium (K) and sodium (Na), separating lithium (Li) from old brine is indeed a technical problem. In this study, a novel and low cost deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed by primary ammonium (RNH₂) and 1-phenyl-8-methyl-1,3- nonanedione (Lix54–100) was prepared to separate Li from high Na/Li old brine. RNH₂ used alone had no extraction effect, while Lix54–100 resulted in extraction emulsification. DES combined with RNH₂ and Lix54–100 showed good separation efficiency and extraction phenomenon. Thermodynamics of DES extraction for Li was studied, theoretical calculations were conducted to investigate the extraction mechanism of Li. The optimized composition of DES between RNH₂ and Lix54–100 was 1:1, and the extraction system had a higher Li saturation loading capacity of 8.58 g/L. The existence of CO₃²⁻ was favorable for effectively separating Li and Na. The pH value had a significant impact on the extraction of Li. The fractional extraction process via DES from old brine was studied. Separation factor among Li and Na was 2307, accompanied 96.6 % Li yield through 4 extraction stages. Considering cost and environmental advantages, [RNH₂][Lix54–100] has demonstrated the potential application value of extracting Li from old brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchically porous carbonaceous materials derived from waste citrus biomass for high-performance capacitive deionization","authors":"Umme Sanima Chowdhury,&nbsp;Mohy Menul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Mominul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly water desalination method that removes salt ions by applying a low voltage. Preparation of highly porous CDI electrode materials from high-abundance sources with low-cost, eco-friendly, and simple processing methods is still challenging. This study used lime peel (LP) biomass to prepare carbon, followed by KOH activation to increase the amorphous morphology and porosity at the elevated temperature range of 400–1000 °C. Thermogravimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and contact angle study was adopted to evaluate the thermal stability, elemental composition, microstates, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the prepared materials. The prepared material was cast on graphite electrodes and subjected to cyclic voltammetric, chronopotentiometric, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements to analyze their capacitive performance. The ion removal efficiency from the water of the materials was tested in a homemade CDI cell. Owing to the amorphous morphology, hierarchical porous structure, and superior wettability, these materials generally showed better capacitive performance and excellent salt adsorption capacity (SAC) in NaCl solution. The effects of the use of an activating agent and carbonization temperature employed for preparing materials, and the flow rate, salt concentrations, and applied voltage of the CDI experiment on the SAC were revealed. At optimized conditions, the SAC was found to be 33.57 mg g⁻¹ along with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of ca. 0.11 min⁻¹. Thus, LP is a potential, cost-free carbon precursor for producing cheap, efficient, and non-toxic electrode materials for CDI applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119126"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative solution for the recovery of clean water and high-purity minerals from the coal mine sector","authors":"M. Avramidi ,&nbsp;S. Klempetsani ,&nbsp;M. Kyriazi ,&nbsp;G. Gzyl ,&nbsp;A. Skalny ,&nbsp;M. Turek ,&nbsp;K. Mitko ,&nbsp;P. Dydo ,&nbsp;A. Jakóbik-Kolon ,&nbsp;J. Bok-Badura ,&nbsp;A. Warzecha ,&nbsp;K. Paw ,&nbsp;P. Skóra ,&nbsp;N. van Linden ,&nbsp;D. Diamantidou ,&nbsp;K. Panteleaki-Tourkodimitri ,&nbsp;D. Ponomarenko ,&nbsp;C. Xenogianni ,&nbsp;M. Loizidou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal mining activities generate massive volumes of highly saline wastewater that cause significant ecological damage once they end up in the environment. Saline discharges contribute to the salinization of soil, the disruption of the aquatic flora and fauna, and the degradation of surface water quality. To address this issue, a near-zero liquid discharge (near-ZLD) system has been designed and constructed to treat coal mine wastewater before its discharge into the environment. The pilot system included membrane, precipitation, and thermal technologies to desalinate the water and to recover valuable products, including Europe's critical material, magnesium, as magnesium hydroxide with &gt;84 % purity. Calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, and sodium chloride were also recovered from the wastewater with high purity: over 96 % for CaCO₃ and CaSO₄, and &gt;99.9 % for NaCl. The recovered water showed high purity with a conductivity below 400 μS/cm. The pilot system energy consumption was 421 kWh/t of salt with &gt;90 % overall water recovery. The results show that the proposed technology, if implemented in a much larger scale, has a potential to decrease the salt load discharged into surface water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 119121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}