Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Recovery of bromide for bromine extraction: a review of technologies and circular economy implications","authors":"Yeshi Choden ,&nbsp;Mohsen Askari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahbub Kabir ,&nbsp;Youngwoo Choo ,&nbsp;Golam Md. Sabur ,&nbsp;Md. Fazlul Karim Mamun ,&nbsp;June-Seok Choi ,&nbsp;Yun Chul Woo ,&nbsp;Youngjin Kim ,&nbsp;Seungkwan Hong ,&nbsp;Ho Kyong Shon ,&nbsp;Sherub Phuntsho","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bromine, with its remarkable versatility in industrial applications and significant presence in seawater, plays a crucial role in various sectors including agriculture, healthcare, flame retardants, oil and gas industries, and pharmaceuticals. This review critically evaluates the various technologies for the recovery of bromide to extract elemental bromine, emphasizing their potential for sustainable resource recovery and alignment with circular economy principles. Beginning with an analysis of bromine formation mechanisms and traditional extraction methods, the paper examines current challenges in bromine recovery, including declining traditional resources, energy efficiency concerns, and selectivity issues. It then explores cutting-edge technologies for bromide extraction, considering both recovery and removal, including adsorption methods, membrane separation techniques, and electrochemical processes. The paper also investigates the integration of these technologies within the circular economy frameworks, emphasizing their potential for sustainable resource management and environmental protection. The concluding section discusses prospects, stressing the development of highly selective materials and processing technologies that could enhance extraction efficiency while contributing to circular economy objectives. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review establishes the critical importance of advancing bromine recovery technologies for ensuring sustainable bromine supply and environmental stewardship. This review represents the first in-depth assessment of bromine recovery technologies, connecting current technological advancements to future potential within the circular economy framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 118968"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane arrangement influences time to steady state in FCDI with multi-ionic salt solutions","authors":"Lukas Mankertz ,&nbsp;Meike Theis ,&nbsp;Christian J. Linnartz ,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a promising technology for energy-efficient desalination, offering the potential to selectively remove ions from multi-ionic salt solutions. This study presents a comparative investigation of two FCDI modules with distinct ion-exchange membrane (IEM) arrangements, using cation-exchange membranes (CEM) and anion-exchange membranes (AEM): CEM-AEM-CEM (C <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> A <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> C) and AEM-CEM-AEM (A <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> C <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> A). Both modules achieved similar levels of desalination and concentration in steady state, but the time required to reach steady state varied significantly due to differences in the IEM arrangement and the ionic buffer-capacity of the flow electrode.</div><div>The results revealed that membrane selectivity is critical in systems with multiple ion species, particularly before achieving a steady state, where conductivity alone proves insufficient for characterizing salt composition. A higher selectivity for sulfate over carbonate was observed for AEMs, causing delayed stabilization of concentrations in the A <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> C <span><math><mo>∣</mo></math></span> A module. Strategies to reduce the ionic buffer-capacity of the flow electrode, such as decreasing its volume as well as recognizing which ion should follow the flow-electrode path were identified as potential means to accelerate steady-state achievement.</div><div>Furthermore, experiments with varying carbonate-to-sulfate molar ratios in the diluate feed confirmed the inherent selectivity of AEMs for sulfate and established an upper limit for normalized transport ratios. These findings emphasize the need for complementary approaches, such as membrane coatings or tailored flow-electrode materials, to enhance process selectivity and efficiency. This work provides critical insights into the interplay of IEM arrangement and flow-electrode behavior, offering a foundation for optimizing FCDI systems in desalination applications involving complex salt solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 118939"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse osmosis desalination under periodically oscillating conditions: insight from spatiotemporal simulations","authors":"Mingheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and performance of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination under periodic oscillatory conditions using a partial differential equation (PDE) model. Assuming constant membrane transport properties, the model shows that sinusoidal variations in flow and pressure yield cycle-averaged performance metrics that closely align with those of steady-state operation under equivalent mean conditions. Increasing the oscillation frequency attenuates temporal fluctuations in permeate concentration. Notably, rectified sinusoidal variations increase the permeate production rate, a result attributed to the significantly higher energy input. While these findings are consistent with experimental trends, the analysis uncovers a key divergence from prior literature: rectified sinusoidal variations are the least energy-efficient strategy due to their disproportionate energy demands, whereas steady-state operation remains the most energy-efficient. Additionally, the potential correlation between rapid frequency switching between sub-osmotic and super-osmotic conditions under rectified sinusoidal conditions and accelerated membrane degradation warrants further exploration in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118942"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep insights on gypsum scaling in DCMD using computational fluid dynamics: Role of spacer design","authors":"Balsam Swaidan ,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Hassan Ali ,&nbsp;Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub ,&nbsp;Emad Alhseinat ,&nbsp;Hassan A. Arafat","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency and durability of Membrane Distillation (MD) often face challenges from gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) crystallization. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate gypsum scaling in closed-loop Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD). A novel transient, three-dimensional CFD model integrates nucleation theory and population balance equations to analyze scaling dynamics from initial supersaturation ratio (S) to scalant growth on membrane and spacer surfaces. The efficacy of commercial and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS)-based Gyroid spacers in mitigating gypsum scaling is evaluated. Base cases used a feed solution starting at 1900 mg. L⁻¹ of CaSO₄·2H₂O, with feed and permeate entering at 65 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The Gyroid spacer outperformed the commercial spacer with an initial flux 63 % higher, delayed scaling onset (800 min vs. 240 min), and lower scalant-mass density (0.4 mg. cm⁻² vs. 15 mg. cm⁻²). The superior performance of the Gyroid-based TPMS spacer is attributed to its intricate flow paths, which enhance micromixing and mitigate polarization effects. This study showcases CFD's pivotal role in developing novel, efficient, scale-resistant spacer designs enabled by 3D printing and in predicting optimal operating conditions, ultimately facilitating wider adoption of MD technology in water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118967"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of physicochemical interactions between the layer-by-layer membranes and Pluronic® L-35 as a draw solution","authors":"Aylin Kinik,&nbsp;Marrit van der Wal,&nbsp;Kitty Nijmeijer,&nbsp;Zandrie Borneman","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While Layer-by-Layer (LbL) membranes have been extensively investigated for forward osmosis (FO) using conventional draw solutions (DSs) such as inorganic salts, the effect of LbL membrane properties on the physicochemical interactions with more complex compounds as DSs lacks understanding. Here, we investigate the influence of LbL multilayer properties on the physiochemical interactions with Pluronics®, a thermo-responsive non-ionic amphiphilic copolymer, as a recently proposed energy-efficient DS. The thickness and density of the polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayer build with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) are tailored by varying the salt concentration in the coating solutions and the number of bilayers (BLs). The effect of these is studied by measuring Pluronic® L-35 retention and water flux during FO. The Pluronic® L-35 transport mechanism through the membrane below and above its critical micelle concentration is studied via in-situ optical reflectometry analysis. The Pluronic® retention improved with more BLs due to increased multilayer thickness and Pluronic® adsorption on the membrane surface. The best-performed BL number is further studied for the salt concentration effect in the coating solution. Low-salt solutions formed denser multilayers with higher Pluronic® retention due to intrinsic charge compensation, while high-salt solutions created more open multilayers with lower retention due to extrinsic charge compensation. Salt concentration had the most significant impact among LbL parameters on the Pluronic® transport due to its influence on the multilayer density. These findings on the physicochemical interaction mechanisms and membrane performance provide a foundation for future research on exploring LbL membranes in FO using Pluronic® as DSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118970"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From wastewater to resources: Membrane-free electrochemical separation coupled with crystallization-granulation for selective removal and value-added recovery of hardness ions","authors":"Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuexin Chang ,&nbsp;Duowen Yang ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Yan ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Xing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current water treatment technologies primarily focus on removing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from wastewater, but struggle to achieve efficient selective precipitation and resource recovery. This paper presents a method that couples membrane-free electrochemical separation water softening (MFES) with crystallization-granulation (CG) to effectively remove and recover Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from circulating cooling water. The coupled process consists of two main parts: removing and recoveringCa²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Each part employs a series connection of MFES and CG systems. The MFES controls the effluent pH, while the CG system enables rapid precipitation and formation of dense CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ products. Experimental results indicate that by adjusting electrochemical parameters and using a stainless-steel filter with a pore size of 3 × 1.8 mm as the cathode, the effluent pH can be maintained at around 9.50. This results in a Ca²⁺ removal efficiency of over 94.0 % without affecting Mg²⁺ hardness. Adjusting the electrochemical parameters and employing a sintered nickel-plated copper powder filter with a pore size of 90 μm as the cathode can increase the effluent pH to about 11.50, achieving an Mg²⁺ removal efficiency of over 84.0 %. The MFES system ensures high hardness removal rates, while the CG system produces dense, high-purity CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ products, offering practicality and economic benefits. The proposed MFES-CG process offers a simple and efficient approach for removing and recovering hardness ions from water, providing new insights into effective water softening and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118962"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of machine learning algorithms to predict removal efficiency in treating produced water via gas hydrate-based desalination","authors":"Sirisha Nallakukkala ,&nbsp;Bennet Nii Tackie-Otoo ,&nbsp;Ruwaida Aliyu ,&nbsp;Bhajan Lal ,&nbsp;Jagadish Ram Deepak Nallakukkala ,&nbsp;Gayathri Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of machine learning (ML) with gas hydrate-based desalination (GHBD) presents a significant advancement in the produced water treatment with special focus on efficient prediction of removal efficiency. GHBD operates by forming gas hydrates under controlled thermodynamic conditions, selectively encapsulating gas within water molecules while excluding dissolved ions. However, the stochastic nature of hydrate formation, is influenced by gas composition, temperature, pressure, and ion concentration, makes it difficult to predict accurately removal efficiency. In this context. ML algorithms provide powerful data driven means to model complex relationship within experimental datasets to improve process optimisation This study systematically evaluated several supervised ML models, including Random Forest (RF) Support Vector Machines (SVM), Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Decision Tree, Extra Tree Regression, Gradient Boost, and XGBoost, to predict removal efficiency in GHBD system. Among these, the SVM model showed the best predictive accuracy, R² of 0.98, with the lowest AIC (56.75), RMSE (1.50), and MAE (1.22) values, highlighting its robustness in capturing the intricate dependencies between operational parameters and removal performance. Additionally, graphical analysis confirmed that the predictive accuracy of SVM model is superior, compared to other models. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses validated SVM's robustness in capturing the nonlinear relationships governing ion removal efficiency. These findings demonstrate that integration of ML with GHBD significantly improved predictive capabilities, enabled real time application, reduce experimental effort, as well as improve the development of intelligent, sustainable, and scalable water treatment technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of boron hybridization types on polyborates scale inhibition in circulating water systems","authors":"Dong Guo,&nbsp;Haixu Hou,&nbsp;Yuansheng Pei,&nbsp;Li'an Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral deposits in circulating water circuits impair thermal efficiency and restrict fluid flow, thereby threatening production safety. The excellent performance of traditional scale inhibitors, such as phosphonates, is accompanied by nitrogen and phosphorus loads in concentrated water, emphasizing the necessity for sustainable alternatives. This study proposes that polyborates have the potential to serve as a new generation of sustainable scale inhibitors, however, their structural optimization lacks theoretical guidance. Therefore, this research examines the electronic distribution and bonding characteristics of different boron hybridization types, specifically [BO₂], [BO₃], and [BO₄] units, and their effects on the scaling inhibition process. The results reveal that sp-hybridized [BO₂] units are resistant to hydrolysis, and their chemical stability leads to unsatisfactory scale inhibition performance. In contrast, sp²-hybridized [BO₃] units exhibit affinity for calcite, inducing the transformation of calcite into vaterite, thereby suppressing scale deposition. The hydrolysis of oxygen-bridged sp²-hybridized boron to form sp³-hybridized [BO₄] units represents a precursor step in the complete hydrolysis and dehydrogenation of polyborates. The resulting borate ions complex with calcium in the form of CaBO₃, effectively inhibiting calcite crystal nucleation. When a solution contains 0.03 mmol/L of B₅O₆(OH)₄⁻, which includes four [BO₃] units, it can reduce the growth rate of calcite crystals by up to 65.4 %. Understanding the relationship between boron hybridization types and inhibition mechanisms provides critical insights for designing optimal polyborates, representing a significant advancement in the development of sustainable water treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118956"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-coagulation of surface water for mitigating membrane fouling during submerged nanofiltration","authors":"Sandrine Boivin ,&nbsp;Hideaki Sano ,&nbsp;Osamu Nakagoe ,&nbsp;Tetsuji Okuda ,&nbsp;Takahiro Fujioka","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling becomes a challenge in nanofiltration (NF) when pre-filtration, such as microfiltration or ultrafiltration, is not performed. This study aimed to identify the potential of pre-coagulation for minimizing membrane fouling during submerged NF membrane treatment. Pre-coagulation (i.e., rapid and slow mixing) before submerged NF treatment was performed by adding optimized doses of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) or polysilicate iron (PSI). The FeCl₃-based pre-coagulation only slightly reduced membrane fouling compared to that without pre-coagulation, with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase of 9 kPa compared to 18 kPa over 12 days. In contrast, PSI-based pre-coagulation achieved a smaller TMP increase (7 kPa) compared to filtration without pre-coagulation (26 kPa) over 15 days. Interestingly, considerable deposition of foulants was observed on the surface of both NF membranes. Regardless of pre-coagulation, foulants on the membrane surface were removed using one-wipe sponge cleaning, fully restoring membrane permeance. Membrane characterization indicated that FeCl₃ or PSI pre-coagulation resulted in a fouling layer comprising iron, which had low hydraulic resistance. This study identified the potential of PSI-based pre-coagulation for considerably mitigating NF membrane fouling, which reduce the frequency of physical cleaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118959"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of nano-hexagonal flake magnesium hydroxide from seawater brine and the crystallization-based separation of inorganic salt products from the mother liquor","authors":"Shicheng Liu,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Hongfei Guo,&nbsp;Xiuwu Liu,&nbsp;Jilin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel technology for highly efficient and comprehensive utilization of seawater brine. First, utilizing simulated seawater brine as the raw material, the high-purity nano-hexagonal flake Mg(OH)₂ flame retardant could be synthesized through a two-step process including ammonia precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis. Optimal conditions and reaction mechanisms for both ammonia precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis are elucidated. The optimal conditions for ammonia precipitation are as follows: an addition of 1 wt% Mg(OH)₂ seed, a dropping time for NH₃·H₂O of 60 min, an aging time of 3 h, and a reaction temperature maintained at 30 °C. The optimal conditions for hydrothermal synthesis are as follows: a dosage of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C₁₄mim]Br) at 4 wt%, a hydrothermal time of 6 h, a hydrothermal temperature set at 140 °C, and a solid-liquid ratio of 5:100. The nano-hexagonal flake Mg(OH)₂ prepared with real seawater brine exhibits almost the same properties as that synthesized from simulated seawater brine. The addition of solid NaOH to the mother liquor after ammonia precipitation could achieve the recycling of NH₃·H₂O and complete recovery of Mg²⁺. Subsequently, a cascade separation process for sodium, potassium, bromine, and other compounds from magnesium-removed simulated seawater brine through crystallization has been developed. The optimal process conditions were identified and experimentally validated. This work provides a simple, low-energy and high value-added pathway for comprehensive utilization of seawater brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 118954"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}