Desalination最新文献

{"title":"2D MXene nanosheet dispersed Mn, Ru NPs loaded Ti composite electrodes for electrocatalytic synergistic degradation of antibiotics in high-salt mariculture wastewater","authors":"Muchen Lu ,&nbsp;Jie Sun ,&nbsp;Yiyi Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Haina Bai ,&nbsp;Wenke Li ,&nbsp;Yina Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a composite electrode based on etched TiO₂ nanotube arrays and two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets was successfully designed for efficient degradation of antibiotics in mariculture wastewater. The composite electrode effectively dispersed Mn and Ru nanoparticles (NPs) by introducing 2D MXene nanosheets as an intermediate layer, which significantly enhanced the catalytic performance. The bifunctional properties of Mn and Ru NPs in catalysis and the contribution of d-orbital electrons to the formation of metal‑hydrogen bonds were revealed in depth by analyzing the electron transfer mechanism at the electrodes. The experimental results demonstrated a synergistic catalytic effect between Mn and Ru bimetals and MXene, resulting in an effective increase in the degradation rate. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rate of Tetracycline (TC) by Mn/Ru/MXene/Ti composite electrode could reach 90.69 % in 60 min. In addition, it still shows excellent stability after 45 days of air exposure, 10 cycling experiments, and 10,000 s of timed current testing. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that anode hydroxyl radical (·OH), HClO, and cathode activated hydrogen atoms (H*) all play catalytic roles in the degradation process. The degradation pathways were analyzed using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and liquid-liquid-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques, with further experiments confirming that this degradation process effectively reduces the biotoxicity of intermediate products, improving the safety of wastewater discharge. Finally, we designed the reactor and calculated the energy consumption to verify the feasibility and economy of the system in practical applications. This research proposes a novel multi-metal co-catalysis and cathode and anode co-catalysis system for the efficient degradation of antibiotics in mariculture wastewater, with potential applications in the electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118284"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient and robust oxygen vacancy-rich molybdenum trioxide aerogel evaporator for Photothermal conversion and clean water generation","authors":"Peng Xiang ,&nbsp;Congming Tang ,&nbsp;Kai Ma ,&nbsp;Xinli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interfacial evaporation of seawater and other wastewater is used to produce clean water by the infinite solar energy which attracts an intense interest and displays a great prospect. An efficient and robust photothermal evaporator is a key to solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Herein, the oxygen vacancy-rich MoO₃ aerogel evaporator is designed to purify seawater and wastewater. Hydrogen etching is used to construct oxygen vacancies of MoO₃, which regulate its optical and thermophysical properties. MoO₃* possesses stronger broadband absorption and lower reflectance than MoO₃ across the wavelength ranges of 200 nm–2500 nm, which insures more energy input. Besides, band gap energy of MoO₃* decreases from 2.90 eV of MoO₃ to 1.92 eV, which is more beneficial for the visible light absorption and its degradation of organic pollutant. As a result, the MoO₃*-based evaporator displays a higher evaporation rate of 1.78 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ as well as 92.6 % of efficiency for pure water at 1 sun illumination, in contrast to the MoO₃-based evaporator with an evaporation rate of 1.04 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and 60.0 % efficiency, suggesting that oxygen vacancies induced by hydrogen etching improve photothermal conversion efficiency. In practical application, the MoO₃*-based evaporator also displays an excellent purification performance for seawater, heavy metal wastewater and tetracycline wastewater, in which the evaporation rates are close to pure water, and the quality of the purified water is better than drinking water specified by WHO standard. In addition, the defected MoO₃*-based aerogel evaporator not only possesses an excellent thermal management, but also offers an excellent salt self-cleaning ability. This work convincingly demonstrates that the “defect chemistry” is perfect for constructing the defected MoO₃* aerogel evaporator for sustainable production of clean water from seawater, heavy metal wastewater and tetracycline wastewater by means of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118281"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing high performance robust PSf loose nanofiltration membranes through nanobubble-assisted pore-forming","authors":"Zongrui Song ,&nbsp;Yujie Wu ,&nbsp;Junjie Lv ,&nbsp;Yanhong Ji ,&nbsp;Mohammad Younas ,&nbsp;Benqiao He","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes have extensive applications in precision separation processes, however, synthesizing highly permselective LNF membranes is still a considerable obstacle. Nanobubble-assisted pore-forming method was adapted to prepare a highly perm-selective LNF membrane for the first time in this work, using polysulfone (PSf) as the membrane-forming material, azodicarbonamide (AC) as the reactive pore-forming agents, and NaOH solution as the coagulation and immersion baths. By leveraging nano-bubbles produced through the reaction between AC and NaOH without adding other pore-forming agents, the membrane-forming process of PSf was regulated. It was found that the PSf LNF membranes prepared in NaOH-solution coagulation and immersion baths exhibited significantly enhanced permeation performance without compromising the rejection. These results suggested that the coagulation and immersion post-treatment processes under NaOH solution had a great effect upon the structure and the property of the membranes. The LNF membrane prepared from 20 wt% PSf casting solution with 8 wt% AC achieved a permeation flux of 188.7 L m⁻² h⁻¹, and a Congo red (CR, Mw =696 Da) rejection of over 99 %, while a rejection of NaCl below 7 %, showing a good separation for the CR/NaCl mixed solution. Additionally, the membrane exhibited favorable mechanical properties, with a tensile strength as high as 6.5 MPa and a fracture elongation reaching as much as 32.3 %. This work provided a novel approach for producing high-performance LNF membranes in treating dye wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High performance composite hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane fabricated via the synergistic effect of co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization and macrocyclic polyamine incorporation","authors":"Enlin Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Dong,&nbsp;Shaoxiao Liu,&nbsp;Wenze Wu,&nbsp;Baowei Su","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The necessity for high-performance thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes for drinking water and wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly apparent in the face of the global water crisis. In this work, co-solvent (acetone) assisted interfacial polymerization (CAIP) and incorporating macrocyclic polyamine (Cyclen) as an aqueous co-monomer were employed to fabricate hollow fiber (HF) NF membrane and to enhance the permeability and the selectivity, respectively, thereby overcoming the inherent trade-off effect. The effects of Cyclen and acetone on the separation performance were comprehensively investigated, and the interfacial polymerization conditions were optimized. The optimal HF NF membrane exhibits a 68.6 % increment in water permeance relative to the baseline membrane while without sacrificing the Na₂SO₄ rejection which is as high as 99.2 %. In particular, it exhibits a superior high pure water permeability of 222.5 L m⁻² h⁻¹ MPa⁻¹, ranking among the highest observed for HF NF membranes in the existing literature. Moreover, it exhibits excellent acid resistance as well as fouling resistance. This research paves a novel approach for developing high-performance HF NF membranes for water and wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosted performance of thin-film nanocomposite membranes based on phytic acid functionalized Zr-MOF for nanofiltration","authors":"Yizhuo Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Baixue Liu,&nbsp;Yatao Zhang,&nbsp;Junyong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endowed with designable pore structure and intrinsically interconnected channels, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer immense potential as functional nanofillers to boost the performance of nanocomposite membranes. However, achieving optimal pore size matching between MOFs and the polymer matrix while maintaining robust interfacial affinity remains a significant challenge in fabricating high-performance nanocomposite membranes. Herein, natural organic polyphosphate phytic acid was utilized to functionalize PCN-224 to narrow its pore size and enhance the polymer affinity. Thin-film nanocomposites containing mPCN-224 were afterward synthesized on the polysulfone support through a combined approach of anodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and vacuum filtration-assisted interfacial polymerization (VF-IP). The incorporation of mPCN-224 nanoparticles not only enhanced the hydrophilicity and electronegativity of the polyamide film but also led to a substantial reduction in film thickness. This is likely attributed to lessened piperazine supply at the interface, related to its limited diffusion at the presence of negatively charged mPCN-224. The additional nanochannels provided by mPCN-224, coupled with the loose PA layer, resulted in a substantial 56.3 % increase in the water permeance of the TFN-mPCN-224 membrane, reaching 20.0 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹. Additionally, the post-synthesis modification with phytic acid led to an improved Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻ selectivity coefficient of 44, substantially higher than that of the TFN-PCN-224 membrane. This improvement was primarily attributed to the narrowed pore size of mPCN-224 and the enhanced surface electronegativity. This study introduces a pathway for developing high-performance TFN membranes based on post-synthetic modification of MOF nanofillers with phytic acid molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118278"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast thermo-osmotic flow through covalent organic framework multilayers for desalination","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Pan ,&nbsp;Mingjie Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermo-osmosis, a liquid flow driven by temperature difference (∆<em>T</em>) in a solid-liquid interface, is promising to utilize low-grade heat energies for water desalination. However, the water flux of thermo-osmosis is hard to be enhanced. Herein, the potential of COF multilayers for thermo-osmotic desalination is investigated via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. To this end, TpMA multilayers with fine water stability and sub-nanometer pores are selected. The TpMA multilayers show excellent water flux and nearly 100 % NaCl rejections. By the analysis of interfacial and interior resistances, it is extrapolated that the TpMA nanosheet with a thickness of 200 nm has a water flux of 3096 L/(m²·h) at the ∆<em>T</em> of 60 K. By the molecular-level analysis, it is revealed that the coexistence of single-file and two-chains of water structure in the flow direction brings in high thermo-osmotic flows. The high NaCl rejection is due to the strong sieving effect of pores on the hydration of Cl⁻. Finally, the thermo-osmosis is compared with reverse osmosis. Based on the resistance analysis, it is found that the ∆<em>T</em> of 60 K is equivalent to the ∆<em>P</em> of 180 bar at most to reach the same water flux. These findings will inspire researchers with an alternative technology for high-efficiency desalination using low-grade heat energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118276"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of simultaneous removal of salt and dye by utilizing capacitive deionization and UV-electro oxidation hybrid process in saline wastewater treatment","authors":"Amirhossein Karimirahnama,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mozaffarian,&nbsp;Bahram Dabir,&nbsp;Nima Esmaeilian Amrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the goal was simultaneous elimination of salt (NaCl) and dye (C·I Acid Orange 7 or AO7) through integration of capacitive deionization (CDI) technique with UV-based electrochemical advanced oxidation process (UV-EAOP). To optimize salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of MnO₂ electrode, Taguchi's experimental design methodology was employed to fine-tune synthesis parameters, including bath temperature, current density, and precursor concentrations. BiOCl was synthesized and implemented as an anode to bolster AOP's effectiveness. Several experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of applying the combined AOP and CDI. The findings revealed that parameter optimization improved SAC, and the application of UV irradiation decreased electrode's SAC. Furthermore, it was observed that AO7 could enhance SAC while lowering salt adsorption rate (SAR). More importantly, the combined application of CDI and AOP resulted in superior pollutant removal efficiency and improved SAC, despite reduced SAR. Finally, color was entirely eliminated after 90 min, and the generated species were recognized by GC–MS. Additionally, a possible pathway for AO7 degradation was suggested based on the generated species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing nanofiltration performance with tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol interlayers for improved water permeability and selective solute rejection","authors":"Chaowen Liang ,&nbsp;Qingwan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Pan ,&nbsp;Sanchuan Yu ,&nbsp;Doufeng Wu ,&nbsp;Congjie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global water shortages have significantly intensified the demand for efficient and sustainable water purification technologies. Nanofiltration (NF) plays a crucial role in desalination, providing distinct advantages by removing a variety of pollutants including heavy metals and organic compounds, all while consuming minimal energy. Traditional NF membranes often struggle to balance high rejection with satisfactory permeability. This study advances NF technology by utilizing polysulfone as a durable substrate and introducing tannic acid (TA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interlayer to enhance structural robustness and functional capabilities of membranes. Through streamlined one-step coating followed by precise interfacial polymerization, this approach optimizes monomer piperazine storage and dispersion on substrate, effectively controlling its diffusion rate, resulting in a thinner polyamide (PA) layer. These strategic enhancements not only lead to a significant increase in permeability to 216.3 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·MPa⁻¹ and an impressive rejection for Na₂SO₄ of 99.04 % but also ensure enhanced long-term operational stability. The innovative TA-PVA interlayer sets new benchmarks for high-performance NF membranes by combining environmental friendliness with cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for large-scale industrial applications. This unique composition promotes sustainability and economic efficiency in water treatment technologies, and underscoring the vast potential for expanding the production and application of advanced NF systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118277"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and evaluation of the recovery process of saturated reverse osmosis membranes by chemical oxidation","authors":"A. Beratto-Ramos ,&nbsp;K. Jaramillo ,&nbsp;P. Zapata ,&nbsp;J. Romero ,&nbsp;J. Martínez ,&nbsp;M.F. Meléndrez ,&nbsp;F. Saravia ,&nbsp;H. Horn ,&nbsp;R. Borquez ,&nbsp;L. Pino-Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of membrane technologies in desalination has led to a substantial accumulation of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes. Disposal becomes necessary when the saturation of the polyamide active layer reduces the membrane permeate fluxes to a level where recovery through chemical washing is not feasible. Membrane recycling techniques via chemical modification can offer an alternative to provide membranes with a second use and prolong the material's lifespan. The present work evaluates the oxidation process of saturated reverse osmosis membranes used in brackish water treatment. The concentration and the exposure time of the oxidizing agent were analyzed and assessed through filtration tests in a stirred cell. Membranes underwent chemical, topological and operational analyses for characterization. The results indicate a consistent increase in water permeability ranging from 151 % to 1342 % with higher exposition to the oxidizing agent. In the case of the membrane with the highest exposure (3.0 % NaOCl for 180 min), a permeability of 31.4 ± 5.3 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and a NaCl rejection of 15.1 ± 0.2 % were achieved. Surface characterization tests revealed partial degradation of the polyamide layer, showcasing separation properties similar to commercial nanofiltration membranes. The resulting membranes were tested for application in groundwater and greywater treatment. This research demonstrates the feasibility of modulating the degree of oxidation based on the desired application for the recycled membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118273"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrosorption of alkaline earth metal ions onto activated carbon as affected by pH and applied potential (pE)","authors":"Cuijuan Feng,&nbsp;Chin-pao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrosorption of alkaline earth metal ions from aqueous solution was studied using a graphite supported activated carbon electrode (NSA@G). Zeta potential measurement revealed a low <span><math><msub><mi>pH</mi><mi>zpc</mi></msub></math></span> of 3.0 for the NSA electrode, suggesting a negatively charged L-type carbon surface. The electrosorption behavior of Ca²⁺ ion followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order rate law. The initial Ca²⁺ ion concentration, solution pH, and applied potential affected the electrosorption capacity. Results showed that both reversible surface charge (regulated by the potential determining ions, i.e., H⁺ and OH⁻, or pH) and polarizable surface charge (controlled by the applied potential, or pE) contributed to the overall Ca²⁺ ion removal process. The contribution of reversible and polarizable surface charge varied with pH and pE, respectively. Specifically, the reversible surface charge played a more significant role in Ca²⁺ electrosorption at high pH value and low pE (at 60–83 % of the total Ca²⁺ uptake), while the polarizable surface charge dominated at low pH and high pE (at 60–62 % of the total Ca²⁺ uptake). Factors, such as ionic radius, hydration ratio, and hydration enthalpy, significantly affected the electrosorption capacity of divalent alkaline earth metals, i.e., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺, over NSA@G electrode.</div></div><div><h3>Novelty</h3><div>This work elucidated the mechanisms of electrode charging and Ca²⁺ ion uptake via electrosorption. Previous research often attributed ion electrosorption capacity solely to the surface charge derived from a polarizable electrode. In addition to polarizable surface charge, which is controlled by the applied potential (or pE), this study demonstrated that reversible surface charge, regulated by the potential determining ions, i.e., H⁺ and OH⁻ ions (or pH), also played a significant role in total Ca²⁺ ion removal. The novelty of this work lies in quantifying the contribution of reversible and polarizable surface charge to overall Ca²⁺ ion electrosorption. Furthermore, this study investigated the factors affecting the electrosorption behavior of alkaline earth metals, i.e., Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺. A rational approach to predicting electrosorption performance is also proposed, using capacitance characterization from cyclic voltammetry measurements based on Lipmann's electrocapillarity theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 118272"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}