{"title":"Experimental visualization of dry regions formation for Falling-Film flow patterns","authors":"Prudviraj Kandukuri, Sandip Deshmukh, Supradeepan Katiresan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water is essential for humans in everyday life, and plenty of fresh water is required for agricultural, chemical, industrial, and other domestic uses. Water scarcity is becoming increasingly prevalent in many regions and countries as they advance their respective growth lines. The predominant method employed in thermal desalination plants is the falling-film process due to its operational advantages. The present study examines<!--> <!-->the mapping of diverse flow patterns for heat transfer mechanisms across the horizontal tube bundle. An experimental test facility is developed, and a series of visualization experiments are conducted. The FLIR E60 infrared camera is employed to examine the liquid film behavior for different temperature profiles. The findings revealed that the droplet flow pattern induces wave-like wetting, whereas the column flow pattern induces liquid ring wetting on the tube wall. The tube wall temperature attains its maximum during droplet flow, regardless of the chosen tube spacing values. When the tube spacing is 10/20/30/40 mm, the maximum temperature of the liquid film is reached rapidly in the droplet flow, reaching values of 75.7 °C, 73 °C, 79.1 °C, 65.8 °C, 76.5 °C, 71.4 °C, 69.3 °C, and 74.2 °C, respectively, in comparison to other flow modes. The infrared photographic images show that the stabilizing tube has a faster heat transfer mechanism than the test tube. Furthermore, the liquid profile on the upper portion of the tube wall exhibits a faster evaporation rate than the lower one. The formation of dry spots on the test tubes and stabilizing tubes exhibited a distinct pattern due to<!--> <!-->distinct flow mode wetting phenomena for chosen working conditions. The research findings address various aspects of information on falling-film flow behavior and mapping of flow patterns to heat transfer mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GMDH and RSM models for prediction of heat transfer parameters in an ultrasonic vibrating fin-and-tube heat exchanger","authors":"M. Esfandyari , H. Sajjadi , A. Amiri Delouei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict key heat transfer parameters, including the Nusselt number (Nu), outlet temperature, heat flow, and convective heat transfer coefficient in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger (FTHX) subjected to ultrasonic vibrations. Experimental investigations were conducted with varying inlet temperatures (10–140 °C), flow rates (2–6 l/min), air velocities (0.1–4 m/s), and ultrasonic power levels (0 or 50 W). The models’ accuracy was validated against experimental data, showing high correlation coefficients exceeding 0.98. The GMDH model slightly outperformed the RSM model. The maximum absolute average relative error (AARE) was 0.0633, demonstrating the models’ precision. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing thermal systems and enhancing heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers through ultrasonic vibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Wang , Rongrong Zhou , Mengxue Li , Kangkang Zhang , Zilong Wang , Kang Li , Huaqiang Chu
{"title":"Study on the influence of tube type and fluid flow channel on cooling heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in spirally grooved casing tubes","authors":"Dong Wang , Rongrong Zhou , Mengxue Li , Kangkang Zhang , Zilong Wang , Kang Li , Huaqiang Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SCO<sub>2</sub>) in five different spirally grooved casing tubes and proposes a comprehensive evaluation factor to assess their overall performance, aiming to improve heat exchanger efficiency through optimizing tube designs. The Finite Volume Method is employed to simulate and compare five different spirally grooved configurations: three-start circular arc (Case A), four-start circular arc (Case B), four-start trapezoidal (Case C), four-start triangular (Case D), and six-start circular arc (Case E). The results show that when SCO<sub>2</sub> flows through the channel between the inner and outer tubes (channel 1), Case E exhibits the highest heat transfer coefficient, with a value of 2537.91 W·(m<sup>2</sup>·K)<sup>−1</sup>. This is significantly higher than the other designs, with a maximum increase of 19.20 %, demonstrating its optimal performance in enhancing heat transfer efficiency. In the inner tube channel (channel 2), the average heat transfer coefficients for Case D and Case E are approximately equal, around 2410 W·(m<sup>2</sup>·K)<sup>−1</sup>, which is 3.22 % higher on average than the other three designs, indicating impressive potential for optimizing the groove shape in channel 2. The pattern of SCO<sub>2</sub> flowing in channel 2 can effectively reduce the pressure drop gradient, with a maximum reduction of 27.60 %, thereby significantly improving the safety of the system. The flow pattern of SCO<sub>2</sub> in channel 2 of Case A exhibits the optimal comprehensive evaluation factor value (2.03). These scientific findings provide conducive insights for optimizing design of the SCO<sub>2</sub> heat exchangers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pore distribution and permeability principles for carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites with three-dimensional needled preform during the transpiration cooling process","authors":"Tao Ding , Xiaoxuan Chen , Ling Zhao , Hainan Zhang , Tian Zhao , Chaoyi Zhu , Shiyu Qian , Lingyun hou , Yi Zhang , Litong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transpiration cooling problem in carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (C/SiC) was studied based on the context of cooling of jet engine hot-end components. Pore distributions of C/SiC with different fiber preforms were compared, and the C/SiC with three-dimensional needled preform (3DN C/SiC) was selected. The pore structure of 3DN C/SiC was analyzed and studied by X-ray computed tomography scanning (CT), and its porosity was obtained based on the Archimedes’ principle. Finally, based on the Darcy–Forchheimer model, the pressure drop–flow rate curve was obtained and the permeability of 3DN C/SiC was calculated. By considering the influence of inertia and viscous forces, the characteristics and mechanism of the porous media flow inside 3DN C/SiC were analyzed. The results showed that 3DN C/SiC could achieve a permeability of 3.37 × 10<sup>–12</sup> m<sup>2</sup> under a porosity of 47.61 %, which was close to that of commonly used metal porous media. 3DN C/SiC also demonstrated good flow characteristics as a porous medium. Considering its other advantages, such as high temperature resistance, light weight, and high specific strength, 3DN C/SiC has excellent potential and prospects in jet-engine thermal protection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RANS investigation of incoming vortex on the tip leakage vortex breakdown in an aspirated compressor cascade","authors":"Xi Gao, Zhiyuan Cao, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boundary layer suction is an efficient method for mitigating flow separation and enhancing the performance of a highly loaded compressor cascade. Nevertheless, in a compressor cascade with tip clearance, the high adverse-pressure gradient induced by suction can exert a negative impact on tip leakage vortex (TLV), leading to tip leakage vortex breakdown (TVB). In order to control TVB and enhance its performance, a vortex generator (VG) has been employed in an aspirated compressor cascade. The effect of the swirling direction of the incoming vortex induced by VG, suction flow rate, tip clearance size, and solidity were also investigated. The results reveal that TVB can occur even in a conventional compressor cascade with suction. For the newly designed compressor cascade, TVB can occur without suction, and the introduction of suction enhances TVB. After introducing an incoming vortex, TVB in the aspirated compressor cascade with suction is eliminated. The loss in the aspirated compressor cascade is reduced by 47.1% compared to that in the newly designed compressor cascade. The incoming vortex further reduces the loss by 1% compared to the aspirated compressor cascade due to the suppression of TVB. This outcome can be attributed to the fact that a co-rotating incoming vortex increases the core axial velocity of TLV and reduces its strength, thereby enabling TLV to withstand the high adverse pressure gradient induced by suction. It is worth noting that a counter-rotating incoming vortex enhances TVB, making it an unsuitable design for controlling TVB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengchun Zhang , Xiaowei Sun , Wen Cheng , Chun Shen , Zhen Cui , Zhengyang Wu , Dong Liang
{"title":"Numerical investigation of grooved cylinder-airfoil interaction noise reduction at different Reynolds numbers","authors":"Chengchun Zhang , Xiaowei Sun , Wen Cheng , Chun Shen , Zhen Cui , Zhengyang Wu , Dong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grooved model, which is designed for the upstream cylinder, is intended to minimize the interaction noise generated by the cylinder-airfoil model. The impact of the grooved model on noise reduction performance is investigated at Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) values of 2.6 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 5.3 × 10<sup>4</sup>, and 7.9 × 10<sup>4</sup> through the application of large eddy simulation (LES). The results demonstrate that the grooved model has a negligible effect on performance at <em>Re</em> = 2.6 × 10<sup>4</sup>. However, as <em>Re</em> increases, the grooved model leads to a reduction in surface pressure pulsation on both the cylinder and airfoil surfaces, resulting in a decrease in peak noise levels of 4.2 dB and 17.7 dB, respectively. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) is reduced by 3.2 dB and 10.8 dB, respectively. This noise reduction can be attributed to the decrease in shear stress on the cylinder surface with an increasing <em>Re</em>, which inhibits the formation of large-scale spanwise vortex structures in the wake of the cylinder and thus weakens the interaction between the wake and the airfoil. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is used to analyze the modal characteristics of the flow field structure at <em>Re</em> = 7.9 × 10<sup>4</sup>, revealing that the first 7 modes of the smooth model exhibit high-energy, low-frequency characteristics, while the grooved model notably diminishes the intensity and scale of the vortices at the leading edge of the airfoil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 109697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virginia Bologna, Matteo Dellacasagrande, Davide Lengani, Daniele Simoni
{"title":"Compressed representation of separation bubbles from a vast database","authors":"Virginia Bologna, Matteo Dellacasagrande, Davide Lengani, Daniele Simoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work describes a wide experimental database of laminar separation bubbles formed on a flat plate for different Reynolds numbers, adverse pressure gradients and free-stream turbulence intensity levels. The database accounts for 72 different combinations of the aforementioned parameters, for which both short and long bubble types have been observed. For each flow case, a set of 6000 snapshots has been acquired using a fast response Particle Image Velocimetry system. In this work all the 72 × 6000 images have been used simultaneously to construct a large snapshot matrix containing both the statistical and the dynamic response of the bubble to the flow parameters variation. To handle such a large snapshot matrix, a parallelized version of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition routine is presented to be adopted in High-Performance Computing environment. The reduction of the high dimensional database into a low-order model retaining few POD modes and coefficients has been obtained. Particularly, two subsets of modes capturing the time-averaged and dynamic response of the bubble have been detected based on the frequency spectra of the related coefficients. It will be shown that dimensionality can be reduced up to about 1%, while retaining the generalized response of a laminar separation bubble. The present work therefore shows the existence of a reduced state space over which the response of a LSB evolves for a wide range of the leading influencing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casey J. Troxler, Andrew J. Heiles, Isabel Melendez, Sandra K.S. Boetcher
{"title":"Experimental investigation of a bio-based commercial phase change material melting in an inclined rectangular enclosure","authors":"Casey J. Troxler, Andrew J. Heiles, Isabel Melendez, Sandra K.S. Boetcher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interest in phase change materials (PCMs) for various engineering applications such as thermal management or energy storage has grown in recent years. In response, many different materials have been identified as viable PCMs in the literature, along with a proliferation of commercially available products. This research presents material property characterization and experimental data for one such commercial bio-based PCM, utilizing established analytical instruments and a common heat transfer experiment typically employed for the validation of enthalpy-porosity models. Melting within a 50 mm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 50 mm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 120 mm rectangular container subjected to an isothermal boundary is observed across a range of angles, from 30<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span> to 90<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span> as measured from the horizontal. A discussion of melting regimes and natural convection within vertical and inclined melting phase change problems is provided, while key influences on performance are identified. The impact of the change in incline on melting time is documented, with the largest effect being a 35% increase in melting speed from 90° to 30° at 47 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> and a 46% increase at 57 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> This study provides new results regarding the interaction between wall temperature and inclination during melting in rectangular enclosures, along with comprehensive validation data for evaluating numerical modeling methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 109776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zambri Harun , Ashraf Amer Abbas , Wan Aizon W. Ghopa , Taha Ghassan Taha , Morteza Khashehchi , Bagus Nugroho , Rey Chin
{"title":"Directional riblets as an airfoil passive flow control mechanism","authors":"Zambri Harun , Ashraf Amer Abbas , Wan Aizon W. Ghopa , Taha Ghassan Taha , Morteza Khashehchi , Bagus Nugroho , Rey Chin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of converging–diverging riblets (C–D riblets) on the surface of a flat-bottomed airfoil bump on the wind tunnel wall is investigated experimentally. Here long strips of C–D riblets with viscous height of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 20–23) are applied and cover the surface of approximately 60% in chord percentage of the surface of a flat-bottomed airfoil bump resulting in counter rotating vortices under an adverse pressure gradient (APG) environment. The use of C–D riblets significantly affects the streamwise mean velocity profile and the thickness of the boundary layer <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>. Increased drag is observed above the APG converging regions, while drag decreases above the APG diverging regions, with distinct vertical shifts in the mean velocity profile. Compared the to zero pressure gradient (ZPG) riblet cases in the literature, these shifts are pushed further downwards for both APG riblets configurations. Premultiplied energy spectra also show notable differences from ZPG cases in the literatures. Here the results suggest that the adverse pressure gradient environment amplify the outer peak magnitude for both riblet configurations, indicating a higher occurrence of large-scale structure interactions (‘superstructure’) in the APG compared to the ZPG environments. Finally, scale decomposition analysis confirms that large-scales contribute to the outer peak of turbulence intensity across all surfaces, while small scales primarily influence the inner peak. Interestingly, for the APG converging riblet case, small scales also significantly contribute to the outer peak. These findings underscore the complex interplay of pressure gradient and riblet geometry in modulating turbulent boundary layer characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 109772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El Hadji Abdou Aziz Ndiaye , Jean-Yves Trépanier , Renan De Holanda Sousa , Sébastien Leclaire
{"title":"Conservative Immersed Boundary Methods on Cartesian grids for inviscid compressible flows simulation","authors":"El Hadji Abdou Aziz Ndiaye , Jean-Yves Trépanier , Renan De Holanda Sousa , Sébastien Leclaire","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces three conservative methods based on the Immersed Boundary Method. These methods make use of cut-cells to ensure the conservation properties in the numerical solution. However, since some cut-cells can be very small, they can significantly restrict the time step of an explicit time integration scheme. To circumvent this limitation, a semi-implicit treatment of the small cells is employed. The first method relies on a straightforward flux redistribution procedure that globally restores conservation on the cut-cells grid. The other two methods employ the local conservative discretization form of the finite volume method, along with optimization procedures, to ensure local conservation of the numerical solution within each cell. These methods have been tested on two-dimensional inviscid compressible flow problems, demonstrating results comparable to those obtained with the standard Cut-Cells method in terms of accuracy and conservation. Furthermore, the methods are stable and can be effectively used with an explicit time integration scheme without encountering any stability issues related to the small cut-cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 109775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}