International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"An efficient thermal assessment on motorized spindle heating with the structural constraint impact","authors":"Zheng De-xing ,&nbsp;Chen Weifang ,&nbsp;Zheng Qingyang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substructures not only affect the heat conduction and contact heat transfer of spindle units, but also impact the radiation and convection heat dissipations, which were extensively studied. More and more integrated structural details for higher thermal forecasting precision raise the complexity of prediction models significantly. This will inevitably result in a contradiction between the accuracy and efficiency of thermal assessment. Considering the high real-time and deep integration requirements of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining systems, to perform a dimension pre reduction of complex models and then reconstruct a lightweight and precise thermal grid is an ideal solution to the current challenge. This paper aims at developing a simplification approach of complex thermal grids to assess the spindle heating truly and efficiently, and meanwhile providing an effective way in the prediction accuracy gap improvement of thermal network modeling. For this, a typical spindle unit was selected as an analysis object. The sub structures of its bearings and their external constraints were first simplified and abstracted, and then the full heat network of a typical feature unit (hollow cylinder) was planned. The heat transfer capacity evaluation function with structural constraint was subsequently constructed. By it, the roles of axial heat dissipation, radiation and convection as well in temperature reduction were discussed in detail, which provides a strong theoretical base for next thermal model simplification. The thermal equivalent resistance on a hollow cylinder was accordingly proposed, and a novel dimension reduction approach of thermal networks was constructed. Next, a novel spindle thermal prediction network with radiation heat transfer was planned. It, as a typical application, also was employed to explain the dimension reduction in detail. In this process, we employed the oil-air separation and heat transfer equivalence to further improve the latest multi-node mode of bearings, and meanwhile the double counting on the convective heat transfer of oil-air also was avoided. Finally, the above-proposed work was validated by experiments and contrast. The temperature predictions based on the current and newly developed models with no heat radiation, meanwhile, were performed and compared with the simplified grid for further verification. Both comparative analysis and test verification indicate that the thermal forecasting is more lightweight with high accuracy. This dimension pre reduction way evidently also benefits improving the forecasting precision shortcoming effectively because there is no worry about the complexity of the developed thermal assessment networks by employing it. These above contrast researches, in the meantime, also prove our developed spindle heating forecasting grid model considering the thermal radiation effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNS study of turbulent transport of vorticity and secondary-flow structures in a square duct with wall-mounted longitudinal ribs","authors":"Mark S. Tachie ,&nbsp;Wei-Jian Xiong ,&nbsp;Bing-Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of longitudinal ribs on the turbulent transport of vorticity and flow structures in a square duct are investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNS). To identify the impact of longitudinal ribs on the vorticity field, DNS of a smooth-duct flow has also been conducted for the purpose of comparison. The influence of ribs on the statistical moments of the vorticity and velocity fields are demonstrated through analyses of the transport equation of the mean streamwise vorticity, enstrophy, and Reynolds stresses. It is observed that the longitudinal ribs act to increase the magnitude of the mean streamwise vorticity significantly further leading to stronger secondary and tertiary flow motions in the cross-stream directions. Near the longitudinal ribs, the production, diffusion and convection rates of the mean streamwise vorticity are enhanced drastically. From an analysis of the anisotropy invariant maps (AIMs) of the Reynolds stress tensor, it is interesting to observe that the flow becomes more isotropic in the close neighborhood of the rib edges. By examining the instantaneous vorticity fluctuation patterns, it is found that ribs can effectively break up the turbulence vortices. Furthermore, through a spectral analysis, it is confirmed that the characteristic wavelength of the most energetic turbulent eddies is shortened in the ribbed duct.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling performance optimization of a novel L1−i−j-type structure for the forced air-cooled battery thermal management system","authors":"Yaohong Suo ,&nbsp;Chengbo Tang ,&nbsp;Haoze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temperature rise and poor temperature consistency of battery pack in the air-cooled structure (ACS) are affected by the outlet (including outlet number, position and width) and the battery spacing. In this work, a novel L₁₋<em>_i</em>₋<em>_j</em>-type ACS is designed and the heat dissipation performance is analyzed to determine the outlet number, position and width. Subsequently, the equal difference spacing of batteries is proposed in the L₁-type to investigate the cooling effect. Finally, the spacing optimization is carried out with the equal difference spacing as the reference. The results show that L₁₋₆₋₂-type with the first, second and third out width of <em>w</em>₁ = 16 mm, <em>w</em>₂ = 6 mm and <em>w</em>₃ = 10 mm owns better cooling performance. Equal difference spacing effectively improves the cooling performance of battery. The maximum temperature, temperature difference and the maximum temperature standard deviation of the optimized system respectively achieves a 9.44%, 10.66% and 95.52% reduction compared with those of L₁-type. The designed L₁₋<em>_i</em>₋<em>_j</em>-type structure in this work provides valuable insights for the battery thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surrogate-based multi-objective optimization for inlet flow separation control using self-sustaining synthetic jet","authors":"Hongwei Gan,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Zhenbing Luo,&nbsp;Qian Sun,&nbsp;Wei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of flow separation induced by shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) is commonly observed in the inlets of high-speed aircraft, exerting a significant influence on inlet performance. In this paper, the self-sustaining synthetic jet is employed to mitigate the phenomenon of inlet flow separation through numerical simulation. The optimization parameters include the gap width, the location of the jet gap, and the location of the suction gap. The surrogate-based multi-objective optimization approach is utilized to minimize the separation zone and maximize the flow coefficient. The orthogonal experimental design is employed to acquire sample points and establish a Kriging model. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is utilized for optimizing the design configuration of the self-sustaining synthetic jet, and a comparative analysis of the flow structure under uncontrolled and optimized conditions is conducted. The results indicate that airflow from the high-pressure inlet mixes with that from the low-pressure zone via the self-sustaining synthetic jet channel. This reduces the adverse pressure gradient of the boundary layer and significantly inhibits flow separation. And the optimized configuration outperforms both the uncontrolled and experimental cases. Within the parameter settings considered in this study, a maximum flow coefficient of 0.3647 and a minimum separation zone of 5930 mm² have been achieved, resulting in an improvement of 84.3 % and a reduction of 59.0 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental data-driven gradient-informed neural network modeling of bio-inspired flow separation control","authors":"Xingyu Ma ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiateng Pan ,&nbsp;Nan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents recent experimental study of bio-inspired flow separation control and data-driven gradient-informed neural network modeling. By applying bionic flexible coverts in the backward-facing step flow, the downstream separating/reattaching shear layer was perturbed by the adaptively flapping coverts, leading to a reduced separation region and attenuated turbulence intensity within the shear layer. The velocity fields were measured by single-probe hot-wire anemometer in the central streamwise-vertical plane in the wind tunnel. Gradient-informed neural network models are trained and verified based on the experimental datasets. The input layer parameter sets are the covert thicknesses, the spatial coordinates within the measurement domain, while the output layer includes velocity statistics of the flow. The velocity spatial gradients are used as physical constraint conditions in the model training process, which is derived from the experimental dataset rather than governing equations. Dependence of various hidden layer architectures on model accuracy is evaluated by analyzing mean squared errors between model predictions and measurements, among which the error of optimal hidden layer design descends to as minimum as 1.4 × 10^-4. As a result, the data-driven model is capable of predicting the velocity profiles within the measurement domain, which is verified by the measured datasets. Therefore, the experimental data-driven modeling approach shows reliable robustness for nonlinear fitting of the turbulent separating/reattaching flows and also generalization for enriching the flow field information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic losses and heat transfer of as-built, machined, electropolished, and chemical polished turbine alloy blades","authors":"Hallie L. Collopy ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Ligrani ,&nbsp;Chase Herrin ,&nbsp;Mason Hancock ,&nbsp;Preston McMahan ,&nbsp;Morgan Tatge ,&nbsp;Zach Taylor ,&nbsp;Jason Sheth ,&nbsp;Paul Gradl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of the scarcity of research that indicates how post-processing surface enhancement methods for additive manufactured alloys affect the aerodynamic and heat transfer behavior of turbine blades, the present comparative study considers electro-polishing and chemical polishing surface enhancement methods, as compared to as-built and machined surfaces. The first three of these are comprised of the GRX-810 alloy, whose textures are characterized using scanning laser microscopy. A transonic linear cascade test section and traverse apparatus are employed to obtain measurements of downstream aerodynamic loss characteristics and blade surface static pressure distributions. Included are discussions of the associated analysis procedures for determination of aerodynamic loss characteristics and other parameters which characterize wake regions produced by different surface finishes. Of particular significance are different aerodynamic losses as these relate to different overall average roughness element size and character, and alterations of blade shape profiles when surface enhancement post processing procedures, such as electro-polishing and chemical polishing, are employed. A key roughness characteristic is the uniformity and regularity of roughness elements as these are distributed along blade surfaces. The benefit of a high degree of roughness element uniformity is illustrated by the as-built blade, without any surface enhancement, because of relatively smaller downstream aerodynamic losses, even though the arrangement is associated with the largest value of mean roughness height.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of heat sinks with micro variable-density pin-fins for hotspot thermal management","authors":"Chunyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Guilian Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxin Deng ,&nbsp;Yunran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel micro pin–fin heat sink (MPFHS) with locally concentrated pin–fin arrangement (MP-LC) to efficiently cool hotspot region under ultra-high heat flux. The MP-LC consists of two regions: One is an ultra-high heat flux hotspot region (1000 W/cm²), using cylindrical pin-fins with small diameters and pitches to enhance heat dissipation. The other is the background region (50 W/cm²), featuring pin-fins with large diameters and pitches to avoid excessive pressure drop. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to analyze the hydrothermal characteristics of the MP-LC. The results indicate that the MP-LC provides a 52.72 % higher Nusselt number and a 38.2 % lower mean absolute temperature difference than those of globally sparse pin–fin heat sink, while its friction factor is 84.08 % lower than that of globally dense pin–fin heat sink. Moreover, the thermal enhancement factors of the MP-LC are all greater than 1.2. These findings suggest that the MP-LC significantly enhances heat dissipation at the ultra-high heat flux hotspot while effectively maintaining a low increase in pressure drop. This study further optimizes different pin–fin combinations for MP-LC by applying the NSGA-II algorithm, with the dual objectives of heat transfer maximization and pressure drop minimization. The optimization procedure generates a set of Pareto front solutions and the optimal solutions are selected from them by the TOPSIS and LINMAP methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface roughness influences vortex interactions and jet stability in pitching foils in quiescent flow","authors":"Lokesh Silwal ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Vilumbrales-Garcia ,&nbsp;Anchal Sareen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of surface indentations, shaped as dimples, on the flow dynamics of a pitching foil under zero-freestream conditions. A series of systematic experiments were conducted employing flow field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry. The dimple depth ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span> is the dimple depth and <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> is the dimple diameter) was varied from 0.022 to 0.088 across Reynolds numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mi>c</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ν</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> is the maximum trailing edge velocity, <span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span> is the foil chord, and <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span> is the fluid kinematic viscosity) of 3700, 10000 and 20000. The impact of dimples on the wake characteristics was evaluated by analyzing the time-averaged jet behavior and vortex dynamics. The results reveal that the deepest dimpled case modified the far wake of the pitching foil, particularly at higher Reynolds numbers. Under these conditions, the vortices shed from the trailing edge persisted longer, and the jet exhibited greater coherence. The dimples appear to influence dipole interactions in the wake, reducing the jet deflection. These findings suggest that surface roughness can be strategically employed to modulate wake dynamics and improve the stability of the jet, potentially enhancing the propulsion efficiency of bio-inspired flapping foil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of horizontal cylindrical tubes on energy and exergy efficiency enhancement in pyramid solar stills","authors":"Ons Ghriss ,&nbsp;Sirine Dhaoui ,&nbsp;Mohammed El Hadi Attia ,&nbsp;Abdallah Bouabidi ,&nbsp;Moataz M. Abdel-Aziz ,&nbsp;Mohamed Razak Jeday","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water scarcity in remote and arid regions necessitates efficient solar desalination technologies. While pyramid solar stills (PSS) offer promise, their low productivity remains a critical limitation. This study experimentally investigates the integration of horizontal cylindrical tubes into PSS to enhance thermal, energy, and exergy efficiencies. Conventional and modified PSS configurations (3, 5, 9, and 12 tubes) were compared under identical environmental conditions. Results demonstrate that cylindrical tubes significantly improve performance, with the 9-tube configuration achieving peak energy efficiency (28.49%, 65.93% higher than conventional PSS) and exergy efficiency (100.78% increase). Evaporation dominated heat transfer, and diminishing returns were observed beyond nine tubes. The study provides actionable insights for optimizing solar still designs to address global water scarcity sustainably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rayleigh–Bénard convection driven by free-surface evaporation","authors":"Joauma Marichal ,&nbsp;Pierre Ruyer ,&nbsp;Yann Bartosiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel approach to account for mass loss due to evaporation in rectangular pool geometries is introduced. In this method, the free surface is approximated by a free-slip upper boundary, and its descent is distributed proportionally across all cells by re-meshing the grid at each time step. This approach prevents changes in the field at the boundaries while distributing the discretization error along the height. Although this remeshing process appears straightforward, it requires a modification in the temporal discretization of the various equations. Stefan’s problem and its analytical solution are used to demonstrate the validity of the method.</div><div>The method, which incorporates mass transfer across the interface, is integrated with the model proposed by Hay et al. (2021) which addresses the local heat exchanges occurring at the interface. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in water pools driven by evaporation at the free surface are carried out using this dynamic and inhomogeneous evaporation model. The predicted evaporative and convective heat transfers are used to apply a non-zero Neumann condition for the temperature while the predicted evaporative mass flux is used to dynamically remesh the computational domain. Simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection driven by evaporation are run until a 10% initial height lost is reached. The rate of height decrease, flow topology, relationship between Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers and turbulence statistics are analyzed, taking into account the unsteady aspect of the flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}