International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Erratum to “Numerical investigation of effusion cooling characteristics in combustor liners: Point and volumetric source term modelling approaches” [Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 117 (2026) 110121]","authors":"Weiyan Liu, Jiacheng Lyu, Keqi Hu, Zhixin Zhu, Gaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid mechanics signature and jet characteristics in needle-free injection systems","authors":"Amirfarhang Nikkhoo,&nbsp;Seyed Pedram Mousavi,&nbsp;Hossein Hassanzadeh,&nbsp;Faical Larachi,&nbsp;Roxane Pouliot,&nbsp;François Berthod,&nbsp;Mahmoud Rouabhia,&nbsp;Claus-Dieter Ohl,&nbsp;Bernd Witzel,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Taghavi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Needle-free injection systems (NFISs) provide an alternative route for transdermal drug delivery by using high-speed liquid microjets to penetrate soft biological tissues without solid needles, offering reduced pain, lower contamination risk, and eliminating disposal challenges. The performance of NFISs relies on the fluid mechanics of the jet, which is influenced by nozzle characteristics (diameter, shape, and design), jet velocity, injection volume, the properties of the injected drug fluid, and the mechanical properties of the target tissue. Each of these parameters can directly affect jet penetration depth and dispersion shape in target tissues. In this review, we examine the main actuation mechanisms, including spring powered, gas powered, Lorentz force, piezoelectric, and laser-induced systems, and summarize how jet fluid mechanics controls jet stability, penetration depth, jet regimes, and in-tissue dispersion patterns. To generalize these findings, we identify the key dimensionless parameters that control jet behavior across NFIS technologies and highlight the limitations related to nozzle design, jet instabilities, imperfect volume delivery, and the large variability in skin mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the thermal performance of a modified tubular conical solar distiller using recycled CuO nano-coated tuna cans and flint stones","authors":"Mohammed El Hadi Attia,&nbsp;Vijayakumar Rajendran,&nbsp;Wesley Jeevadason Aruldoss,&nbsp;T. Yuvaraj,&nbsp;Vinoth Kumar Selvaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar still (SS) use on a wider scale has been hindered because of its low productivity and efficiency. Thus, the thermal efficiency of SS technology has to be enhanced for the production of fresh water on a larger scale. To improve the productivity of the SS, the use of recycled tuna cans black coated with CuO nanofluids, and flint stones has been considered in the basin of the SS. The novelty of the present work involves the use of recycled hollow tuna cans black coated with CuO nanofluids and flint stones, which has not been widely reported in the context of solar still technology. The three configurations were experimentally tested: the conventional tubular conical SS (TCSS), the SS with nano-coated tuna cans (CSS-TC), and the SS with nano-coated tuna cans and flint stones (CSS-TC&amp;FS). The results showed that the productivity of the SS enhanced from 4.70 L/m²/day of the conventional tubular conical SS to 6.40 and 7.25 L/m²/day of the SS with nano-coated tuna cans and the SS with nano-coated tuna cans and flint stones, respectively, with enhancement rates of 36.17% and 54.26%. Similarly, the efficiency increased from 36.63% to 49.73% and 56.21%, and the exergy efficiency increased from 1.30% to 2.28% and 2.99%. Moreover, the water cost decreased to 0.0049 $/L, and the payback time decreased to 1 month and 15 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical model and numerical study of internal flow of vortex grippers varying chamber eccentricity and inlet configuration to optimize suction force","authors":"Italo L. Venegas,&nbsp;Elihasid Echia,&nbsp;Julio Ronceros,&nbsp;Joel Figueroa,&nbsp;Ayrton Nieves,&nbsp;Sergio Gonzales,&nbsp;Jose Becerra,&nbsp;Dante Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex grippers enable non-contact handling through confined swirling flow, yet predictive models remain limited for non-circular chambers and low-pressure operation. This work develops a generalized analytical model for circular and elliptical vortex chambers parameterized by inlet velocity. The formulation advances previous circular-chamber models by replacing the solid-body assumption with a power-law tangential-velocity profile, introducing a pneumatic-efficiency correction linking inlet and effective wall speeds, and extending the framework to elliptical chambers. The methodology combines literature-based benchmarking of circular chambers from Wang et al. with three-dimensional steady RANS CFD simulations in ANSYS Fluent for eight new geometries with one or two inlets, top or bottom placement, and inlet velocities of 35 and 50 m/s. For the Wang benchmark cases (<span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> = 34 and 44 mm), maximum-force deviations remain below 0.7% for CFD and 1.2% for the analytical model. For the new configurations, circular two-inlet cases yield <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Base</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Pred</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.78</mn></mrow></math></span>–1.07, whereas elliptical two-inlet cases yield 0.64–0.86; in all cases, the external peak suction exceeds the in-chamber analytical prediction by factors of 1.24–2.75. Circular chambers provide the largest suction forces, whereas elliptical chambers extend the low-pressure footprint along the major axis, which is advantageous for elongated delicate objects. Overall, the results support rapid design-oriented screening, clarify the trade-off between maximum suction force and footprint extension, and indicate that effective vortex-gripper operation is feasible in a low-pressure regime representative of compact electric blowers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of Reynolds number and particle mass loading on secondary flow patterning in a horizontal pipe: A sensitized RANS-RSM study","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang,&nbsp;Jeanette Hussong,&nbsp;Suad Jakirlić","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The horizontal particle-laden pipe flow investigated experimentally by Tsuji and Morikawa (1982) is presently computationally studied using a multiphase Euler–Lagrange modeling approach within a time-accurate, scale-resolving simulation based on a sensitized Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) framework coupled in a four-way manner with a Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) method to adequately account for the mutual fluid–particle interaction in terms of drag, gravity, and lift forces, as well as the effect of interparticle collisions. The eddy-resolving capability of the underlying Reynolds stress model of turbulence is achieved by enhancing the production of the dissipation rate of the turbulence kinetic energy within the corresponding length-scale determining equation, allowing for an appropriately resolved fraction of fluctuating turbulence originating from the flow momentum convection Jakirlić and Maduta (2015). The investigated pipe flow configurations occur at bulk Reynolds numbers of <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>20000</mn></mrow></math></span> and 30000, with mass loadings ranging from 0.4 to 3.3 and a Stokes number of <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>40.5</mn></mrow></math></span>. Accordingly, the evaluation of the results focuses on the fluid flow field and particle dispersion characteristics that modulate the associated turbulence through the joint influence of flow momentum and mass loading ratio. The study also provides insight into the secondary flow patterns induced by particle motion in the pipe cross section, allowing the identification of distinct fluid–particle interaction-dependent flow regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on low thermal stress cooling structure of turbine blades based on optimized layout of leading edge film cooling holes","authors":"Chengliang Lv,&nbsp;Longfei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Guo,&nbsp;Junkui Mao,&nbsp;Xinzi Liu,&nbsp;Dewei Zhang,&nbsp;Yiming Liu,&nbsp;Zhongran Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the issue that stress is concentrated at the leading edge of the gas turbine guide blades, a combination of numerical simulation and experimental measurement is employed in the paper to investigate in detail the stress–strain characteristic of a certain type of turbine blade with five different leading edge film hole arrangements, along with optimization design. Compared to the prototype blade, increasing the number of leading edge film holes and hole rows results in a maximum average stress reduction of 5.38 % and 7.58 % in the top 10 %, respectively. It is superior to other schemes in reducing surface temperature and thermal stress of the blade, which is the preferred outcome for low stress cooling design in the study. Appropriately increasing the number of holes and rows of film holes is beneficial to reduce leading edge high strain range and overall stress, with more significant effects observed on the leading edge pressure side. Excessive number of holes and arrangements lead to uneven cooling air distribution, an overall increase in blade stress as well as localized high stress. Compared with circular film holes, shaped holes with a larger film coverage area demonstrate better cooling performance, exhibiting lower strain and stress, making them the preferred hole type for pressure side film cooling. The streamwise strain of blade leading edge is the primary strain direction and increases significantly with rising inlet temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified Reynolds analogy for the Gyroid TPMS in laminar flow: Thermal-hydraulic correlations, numerical validation and multi-objective optimisation","authors":"L. Savoldi,&nbsp;A. Cammi,&nbsp;E. Gajetti,&nbsp;L. Marocco","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) are increasingly adopted as heat-transfer structures thanks to their smooth curvature, tunable porosity and high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, we focus on the Gyroid topology in laminar flow (<span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span>) and develop a modified Reynolds analogy linking thermal and hydraulic behaviour through compact engineering correlations. Using CFD datasets obtained under both prescribed wall temperature and imposed wall heat-flux boundary conditions, we analyse the friction factor, Nusselt number and Stanton number over the porosity range <span><math><mrow><mn>0.3</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>φ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.7</mn></mrow></math></span>. A Darcy–Forchheimer interpretation of the hydraulic behaviour shows that the investigated operating window spans the transition from a predominantly Darcian regime to a mixed viscous–inertial regime while remaining entirely laminar. Three alternative forms of modified Reynolds analogy are calibrated, yielding correlations that reproduce the CFD data with residual deviations of <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mtext>%–</mtext><mn>15</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>. The resulting correlations are then employed for reduced-order thermo–hydraulic optimisation based on heat-transfer enhancement and pumping-power minimisation. Among the three formulations, only the correlation including a porosity-dependent Reynolds-number correction generates an internal Pareto front, highlighting the role of inertial transport in determining the optimal thermo–hydraulic trade-off. The proposed framework enables the prediction of thermal performance directly from hydraulic information and provides a reduced-order design tool for Gyroid-based heat-transfer applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional DNS study and AI modeling of wall heat flux during flame–wall interaction in constant-volume vessels with homogeneous isotropic turbulence","authors":"Yuto Noguchi,&nbsp;Ye Wang,&nbsp;Mamoru Tanahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flame–wall interaction (FWI) plays a crucial role in wall heat transfer in internal combustion engines and therefore represents an important phenomenon in combustion chamber design. Under turbulent conditions, FWI and the associated wall heat flux exhibit pronounced multidimensional characteristics. To investigate these features and to develop an AI-based predictive model for wall heat flux during FWI, this study performs direct numerical simulations (DNS) of methane–air premixed combustion in constant-volume enclosures with homogeneous isotropic turbulence in both two- and three-dimensional configurations. The coupled behavior of wall heat transfer and quenching characteristics (near-wall quenching distance and flame–wall geometric features) is systematically analyzed under turbulent FWI conditions. The quenching state of near-wall flames is quantified using a local fuel-consumption-based flame speed to characterize the local quenching state. The results show that, under the present turbulent combustion conditions, the occurrence of FWI leads to a local enhancement of wall heat flux in both two- and three-dimensional DNS. The magnitude of this FWI-induced heat flux increase is strongly correlated with the flame–wall distance and the geometric relationship between the flame surface and the wall. More importantly, the wall heat flux exhibits qualitatively similar responses to flame–wall distance and flame–wall geometry in both two- and three-dimensional turbulent FWI cases. Based on these findings, AI-based wall heat flux prediction models are developed using one- and two-dimensional FWI datasets for training, incorporating thermal boundary conditions, flame–wall distance, and flame–wall geometric parameters as input features. To ensure consistency with a previous FWI prediction framework, a baseline model was first trained using only laminar DNS data. A flame–wall geometry-informed model was then constructed by augmenting the training set with two-dimensional turbulent DNS data at a prescribed turbulence intensity while retaining the same input features. Evaluation on the three-dimensional turbulent case and on the two-dimensional turbulent case at a different turbulence intensity demonstrated improved predictive performance of the geometry-informed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosswind effects on aerodynamic interactions and wake dynamics in vehicle platoons","authors":"Yun Luo,&nbsp;Rongyi Ke,&nbsp;Taiming Huang,&nbsp;Weixing Zhong,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhan,&nbsp;Changjie Ou,&nbsp;Zhipeng Li,&nbsp;Wei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of intelligent transportation technologies, safety requirements for platoon driving have become increasingly prominent, and crosswind conditions can significantly affect the stability of platoon vehicles. However, current research on the lateral stability of platoon vehicles remains limited. This study combines numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments. Nine working conditions are constructed by setting three inter-vehicle distances and three lateral displacements for the platoon vehicles, aiming to investigate the factors affecting aerodynamic characteristics under crosswind conditions. The results indicate that the left-rear vehicle is affected by 8 m/s crosswinds, with its flow field tending toward that of a single vehicle. The directly-rear vehicle is susceptible to interference from the combined wake and the crosswind flow at shorter inter-vehicle distances, and requires a moderate spacing to maintain stability. The right-rear vehicle benefits from the wake of the front vehicle at shorter distances, but as inter-vehicle distance increases, the stability of the flow field diminishes. Furthermore, when the distance is small, trailing vehicles are strongly influenced by the combined effect of the front vehicle’s wake and crosswind, resulting in complex aerodynamic behavior; when the distance is large, trailing vehicles are largely detached from the wake influence, and the flow field approaches that of a single vehicle. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing platoon driving safety under crosswind conditions and offer a basis for the design of related operational parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148935120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulation of propeller–ground interaction effects on unsteady wake characteristics","authors":"Ali Zamiri,&nbsp;Esmaeel Masoudi,&nbsp;Mahdi Azarpeyvand,&nbsp;Thomas C.S. Rendall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles are gaining considerable attention because of their potential to transform future transportation systems. When a propeller operates near the ground, its wake impinges on the ground, creating complex flow structures. These interactions influence aerodynamic performance, acoustic emission, and unsteady blade loading. Therefore, this study investigated the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of propeller–ground interactions through experimental measurements and numerical simulations. A twisted two-bladed rotor was used as the reference configuration for both approaches. Large eddy simulation (LES) was conducted to investigate the effects of rotor-ground distance on wake development and turbulent flow characteristics at four clearance ratios, defined as the ratio of rotor height above the ground to the rotor radius: 0.3, 1, 2, and 3. The computed pressure coefficients obtained from LES were validated against experimental data across all clearance ratios. The results revealed that propeller–ground distance significantly affects wake evolution and flow dynamics. At various clearance ratios, the tip vortex impingement location shifts and the tip jet flow becomes stronger, producing pronounced upwash and downwash regions beneath the rotor. These flow features substantially alter the near-field pressure distribution and enhance unsteady flow fluctuations. Additionally, far-field acoustic measurements indicated that noise level increases as the propeller approaches the ground, although the magnitude depends on the observer angle. Spectral analysis confirmed that the elevated noise is predominantly broadband in nature, with noticeable amplification at the blade passing frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 110638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}