International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional self-propelled flexible plate with time-varying flapping frequency","authors":"Jongmin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variation in the flapping frequency of a self-propelled flexible plate over time is analysed, and its transient propulsion is examined using the immersed boundary method. The flapping frequency of the flexible plate is continuously defined as a function of time using a piecewise definition. Inspired by the similarity between the time-dependent variation of the average cruising speed and a step response plot, the settling time and maximum overshoot of behavior of the flexible plate are defined and scrutinized. By controlling the rate of change in the flapping frequency, the power consumption of the flexible plate is optimized. As a result, the flapping frequency of the flexible plate gradually transitions from the most efficient flapping frequency to the flapping frequency that achieves the highest average cruising speed. During this transition, the power consumption of the flexible propulsor is reduced to 1/4 of its original value, while the settling time decreases to approximately 38% of its initial duration. To analyse the propulsion mechanisms of the flexible propulsor from the perspective of vortex dynamics, vortical structures are identified through percolation theory. To investigate the influence of the identified vortical structures on the propulsion mechanisms of the flexible plate, an inverse power law-based formulation is proposed and validated by comparing it with the time-dependent propulsion speed and the power consumption of the flexible propulsor. Such transient propulsion is commonly observed in various operational environments, such as acceleration and deceleration phases of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and flapping-wing air vehicles (FWAVs). The present work is expected to serve as a foundational investigation for understanding oscillatory motion under these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of branches and secondary connections on performance of Y-fractal heat sink","authors":"Shashank Singh,&nbsp;Anup Malik,&nbsp;Harlal Singh Mali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for compact and high-performance electronic equipment leads to high heat dissipation, which causes failure. To overcome this challenge, microchannel heat sinks (MHS) significantly increase heat transfer rates above conventional techniques by having high surface area-to-volume ratios. In this work, Y-fractal MHS devices with increased branching level and secondary connections are developed by additive manufacturing. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the devices are examined by both numerical and experimental approaches. Maximum enhancement of 22.6% in the average Nusselt number (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) is achieved with an increase in the branching level at the expense of 67% pressure drop (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>) penalty. Adding secondary connected channels results in maximum reduction of 23.1% in <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> with an insignificant effect on <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>. Y-fractal MHS with two branches (Y-FMHS-B2) shows the best thermal performance at constant pumping power (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>) between the comparison range from 0.0016 to 0.005 W.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of coupled heat transfer and flow behaviors of supercritical CO2 in horizontal circular tube","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field for pre-cooler of the Brayton cycle, research on the physical mechanisms of coupled thermal transfer processes involving supercritical CO₂ in horizontally arranged tube remains insufficient. Therefore, this research established a three-dimensional computational model that accounts for tube wall thickness to explore the heat exchange process of supercritical CO₂ at various working conditions. The research results indicate that using a one-dimensional radial method with the outer surface temperature to determine local wall temperature can provide more precise description of the convective heat transfer. The fluctuation in the heat transfer performance exhibits a direct correlation with the peak Prandtl number, whereas the kinetic energy acts as a gauge for heat transfer efficiency. Since the fluid temperature is greater than the pseudo-critical temperature in a certain region, an increase in the heat flux in this region results in an enhanced heat transfer. The point to be emphasized is that dimensionless heat flux primarily reflects heat transfer changes caused by fluctuations in fluid temperature, while ignoring the impact of local wall temperature changes on the heat exchange process. By respectively incorporating the parameters associated with non-dimensional heat flux and buoyancy parameter into the correlation, it may be found that the proportions of prediction errors falling within the range of ±15 % are 95 % and 93.4 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined analysis of hybrid nano-fluid alumina and copper with effective chemical reactions for enhanced heat transfer","authors":"Naseer Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq ,&nbsp;Akhtar Jan ,&nbsp;Ebraheem Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Wajid Ullah Jan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study examines a hydrothermal model that accounts for the impacts of both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions on hybrid nanofluid flow between squeezing plates, Joule heating and viscous dissipation with the effect of nanoparticle concentration. Ethylene glycol with water was combined to create the base fluid. Alumina <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and copper (Cu) nanoparticles were then dispersed into this base, forming the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> hybrid nanofluid. A mathematical and analytical model that depicts fluid flow has been created. The system of governing equations has been simplified by invoking the similarity transformation. The resulting governing equations system is solved successfully with the help of BVP4c and homotopy analysis methods (HAM). We obtained the best agreement between the numerical and analytical results. A rise in the volume percentage of nanoparticles corresponds to an increase in the rate for heat transfer. The relationship between the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluids (HNF) and single nanofluids (SNF) is also investigated. Graphs are plotted to examine the impacts of physical parameters on velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions. Skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are analyzed numerically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional wake instabilities behind side-by-side foils at a moderate Reynolds number","authors":"Priscila Portocarrero ,&nbsp;Ahmet Gungor ,&nbsp;Suyash Verma ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saif Ullah Khalid ,&nbsp;Arman Hemmati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional instabilities in the wake behind side-by-side pitching foils are numerically evaluated at Reynolds number of 8000, considering different separation distances (0.5c <strong><em>&lt;</em></strong> <em>d</em> <strong><em>&lt;</em></strong> 1.5c) and Strouhal numbers (<em>St</em> = 0.3 and 0.5) for both in-phase (<strong><em>ϕ</em></strong> = 0) and out-of-phase (<strong><em>ϕ</em> = <em>π</em></strong>) oscillations. Here, <strong><em>c</em></strong> is the foil chord. This parameter space enables the identification and categorization of three-dimensional instabilities behind side-by-side pitching foils. Distinct three-dimensional wake topology regimes are identified and their characteristics are linked to foil kinematics. Four types of Instability Modes Evolution (IME) of three-dimensional spanwise instabilities are identified within this parameter space: IME type 2, IME type 1A, IME type 1B, and IME type 0. These modes differ based on the proximity effect between the foils and the transition to the final wake pattern. The study also identifies key kinematic and geometric thresholds associated with each IME type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of a staggered-flow Z-type manifold microchannel heat sink for ultra-high heat flux thermal management","authors":"Ci Ao ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a novel design for a staggered-flow Z-type manifold microchannel heat sink (Z-MMHS). The primary mechanism involves the staggered configuration of Z-type main channels and branch microchannels, which promotes periodic cross-flow and redistribution of the coolant. This arrangement induces localized secondary vortices at the inlet of each microchannel segment, effectively disrupting thermal boundary layers and enhancing wall heat transfer. Additionally, the manifold structure facilitates alternating flow divergence and convergence, thereby preventing the formation of dead zones and backflow often encountered in conventional straight microchannels. This ensures uniform flow distribution and consistent thermal resistance across the entire device.Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we systematically investigated the effects of different pin–fin cross-sectional geometries (circular, triangular, square, and trapezoidal) on secondary flow intensity and pressure drop characteristics. We also examined the coupled influence of inlet velocity, fluid temperature, and pulsed wall heat flux on the underlying heat transfer mechanisms.Entropy generation analysis revealed that the staggered-flow configuration achieves an optimal balance between inertial enhancement and viscous dissipation. A moderate increase in inlet velocity enhances secondary vortex formation and reduces thermal irreversibility, whereas excessive velocity results in increased pressure loss and total entropy generation. Elevated inlet temperatures and heat fluxes reduce fluid viscosity, thereby decreasing viscous dissipation and enhancing vortex-induced turbulent diffusion. The optimized Z-MMHS demonstrated low thermal resistance and acceptable pressure drop under pulsed heat flux conditions. Compared with conventional straight microchannel designs, it exhibited significant improvements in thermal performance, underscoring its strong potential for thermal management in high-power semiconductor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of passive and active heat transfer enhancement strategies in a confined domain","authors":"Utkarsh Alok,&nbsp;Mir Rahaman,&nbsp;Jaya Krishna Devanuri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing use of various cooling methods in electronics and high-temperature industrial processes, the impact of active (Piezoelectric fan – PE fan) and passive (fin) cooling methods has become of utmost importance in research. Studies coupling the usage of PE fans and fins with buoyancy-induced flows will be of great interest in several thermal equipment applications. This study utilizes numerical simulations to investigate natural convection in a cavity for three different scenarios – with fin(s), with PE fan, and with fin(s) and PE fan, concentrating on the effects of Rayleigh numbers (Ra) 10³ and 10⁵. The results show how the usage of fins, PE fan, or both together can influence the thermal transport with the variation of the Rayleigh number. It is found that the coupling effect of both methods gives the best heat transfer for any Rayleigh number among the cases considered. For Ra = 10³, three fins on the hot wall with a PE fan on the cold wall, and for Ra = 10⁵, one fin on the hot wall with a PE fan on the cold wall, transfer the heat most efficiently with an increment of 114.33 % and 18.07 % compared to a reference case of a differentially heated cavity. An increase in the number of fins acts as an impediment to the fluid flow in case of the higher Rayleigh number (10⁵), but it enhances the heat transfer rate for the lower Rayleigh number (10³).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic and experimental analysis of frost suppression performance of a superhydrophobic aluminum surface","authors":"Lihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaqi Li ,&nbsp;Bingjia Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Shen ,&nbsp;Jiaman Du ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Xie ,&nbsp;Yaxiu Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of superhydrophobic surfaces for frost prevention. In this work, a superhydrophobic aluminum surface (SHS) with a contact angle of 157.6° was obtained via etching for 18 min using a mixed HCl/HF solution followed by modification for 1.5 h with 5 wt% dodecanoic acid ethanol solution. The frost suppression mechanism and the effect of SHS were analyzed. According to the results, the condensation nucleation barrier of water vapor was large, the nucleation density was small, the heat transfer resistance between the droplets and cold surface was low, and the growth rate of frost crystals was slow, all of which led to the frost suppression characteristics of the SHS. The appearance time of condensation droplets on the SHS was on average 162.5 s longer than that on the bare aluminum surface (BAS), and the weight of condensation droplets per unit area on the SHS was 67.5 %−83.6 % of that on the BAS. Besides, at the refrigeration temperature of −11 ℃, the freezing time of droplets on the SHS was recorded to be 28 min later than on the BAS. Finally, the acicular frost on the SHS appeared approximately 80.8 s later than that on the BAS, and the weight of acicular frost per unit area on the SHS was 54.9 %−79.5 % of that on the BAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic phases of the development of unsteady cloud cavitation: Statistical analysis of uncorrelated velocity fields","authors":"Boris B. Ilyushin,&nbsp;Konstantin S. Pervunin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the paper, we identify characteristic phases of the auto-oscillation cycle of unsteady cloud cavitation on a two-dimensional symmetric hydrofoil by analyzing random (uncorrelated) instantaneous two-component velocity fields from a representative PIV database. By applying a certain criterion to the amplitude of the fluctuating velocity, we were able to successfully isolate individual realizations from the entire ensemble into characteristic phases of the quasi-periodic process of attached cavity length pulsations accompanied by detachments of cloud cavities. This ultimately allowed us to phase average the selected velocity fields, to perform phase-by-phase tracking of large-scale vapor and vortex structures developing in the unsteady cavitating flow and, finally, to calculate spatial distributions of vapor concentration and turbulence characteristics in each of these phases. All this provided important information on the phase-averaged turbulence structure, typical of unsteady cloud cavitation, and opened up new opportunities for further in-depth analysis of the interactions of vapor structures and flow turbulence. In particular, it was established that the breakup of the sheet cavity interface followed by the shedding of a large-scale cloud occurs on average at a distance of 36–39% of the chord length from the hydrofoil leading edge. The reverse flow was reliably detected downstream of the cavitation sheet closure and between the suction surface and detached cloud cavity, which directly indicates the presence of a large-scale vortex induced by the circulation of liquid due to the coordinated action of the main flow and re-entrant jet at the moment of the attached cavity breakup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying downstream proximity effects on the thermal and combustion dynamics of cellulosic leaves in a convective flow","authors":"Ali Edalati-nejad ,&nbsp;Maryam Ghodrat ,&nbsp;Jason J. Sharples","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how the dynamics of drying process, pyrolysis and combustion behaviour of a cellulosic leaf in a hot convective flow is influenced by the presence of a secondary leaf located downstream of the heat flow. The influence of the secondary leaf is introduced as the <em>Downstream Proximity Effect</em> (DPE) in this work.</div><div>Specifically, the research examines the drying progression, pyrolysis dynamics, flame formation, and thermal behaviour of an idealized moisturized leaf subjected to a convective heat source, with and without another leaf behind the primary leaf (downstream of the flow), at varying distances. Four separation distances of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm are assessed under two fuel moisture contents (FMC) levels of 4 % and 34 %. Simulations are conducted using FireFOAM with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, comparing isolated single-leaf scenarios with those involving the downstream proximity effect. Results show that smaller separation distances (closer downstream proximity) restrain the rate of thermal processes due to limited heat transfer, highlighting the importance of spatial configuration on combustion behaviour and the thermal interference caused by downstream proximity. In contrast, the single-leaf scenario shows the fastest drying and highest pyrolysis rates. The <em>dimensionless Downstream Proximity Effect (DPE) number</em> is proposed to quantify the impact of downstream proximity on different thermal processes, enabling systematic comparisons across varying configurations. This research provides novel insights into the interplay between spatial configuration, pyrolysis dynamics, and fluid-thermal processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}