International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"LAGRANGIAN TRANSPORT FORMALISM FOR UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING THE TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW PROBLEM","authors":"T.-W. Lee,&nbsp;J.E. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A direct solution for the turbulent channel flow problem is attempted, using a set of dynamical equations based on a Lagrangian transport formalism along with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation. The approach is based on the first principles of momentum and kinetic energy balance, derived for a control volume moving at the local mean velocity. The results are compared with DNS results by Lee and Moser (2015). In addition to providing a reasonably accurate mean velocity and Reynolds stress solutions, the method casts some insight on the origin of the dynamical structure in wall-bounded turbulent flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the thermal performance of a minichannel using a new design of corrugated rectangular winglet pair as vortex generator","authors":"Younes Pourgholam Leylakoohi,&nbsp;Hamed Mohaddes Deylami","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using vortex generators is a common method for enhancing heat transfer in heat exchangers and minichannels. This study examines a novel design of a pair of rectangular winglets, referred to as the Corrugated Rectangular Winglet Pair (CRWP). Executing computer simulations, it investigates the effect of CRWP on fluid flow and heat transfer through a minichannel in two setups: Common Flow Up (CFU) and Common Flow Down (CFD). In the turbulent flow regime with Reynolds numbers ranging from 3300 to 5500, the study examines the performance of CRWP in various configurations by measuring several factors, including the friction factor, Nusselt number, frictional entropy generation, synergy angle, and thermal performance factor. It compares these results to those of the standard Rectangular Winglet Pair (RWP) and smooth channel. It also analyses the shape and structure of the vortices created by CRWP in various configurations using the <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span> method. The findings reveal that CRWP is more effective at enhancing heat transfer than the base RWP, as it increased the heat transfer rate by 12% and decreased the friction factor by 20%. Furthermore, the CFU configuration of CRWP yields a higher thermal performance factor in all cases, enhancing the overall thermal performance by 15% compared to a smooth channel. The CRWP, in the best possible way, increases the Nusselt number by 36% for the CFD configuration and 35% for the CFU configuration compared to the smooth channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferrofluid flow past a vertically reciprocating disk: The BEK family of rotating flows","authors":"Kuldeep Singh,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of rotating flow across a disk holds significant importance in diverse fields, including advancements in aerodynamics, turbo-machinery design, blood flow analysis, oceanography, and meteorology. The current study aims to investigate the rotating family of flows, i.e., the Bodewadt, Ekman, and von Karman (BEK) ferrofluid flow past a vertically reciprocating and rotating disk. A similarity transformation reduces the governing momentum and energy equations to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, solved numerically using the <span>bvp5c</span> solver in MATLAB. Graphical visualizations of velocity components, streamlines, isotherms, and temperature fields are presented to illustrate the physical trends. The findings reveal that the radial velocity of the ferrofluid is a decreasing function of both the ferromagnetic interaction parameter and downward reciprocation, whereas the tangential velocity exhibits a direct relationship with these parameters. Notably, in Ekman flow, the radial velocity increases near the geostrophic region, where the Coriolis and pressure gradient forces reach equilibrium, underscoring the balance of rotational and pressure-driven effects. The analysis of thermal behavior indicates that temperature profiles escalate with thermal conductivity and upward reciprocation, while they decline with increasing Prandtl number, demonstrating the superior cooling efficiency of hydrocarbon-based ferrofluid (C1-20B). Hydrocarbon-based ferrofluid exhibits a higher surface heat transfer rate than water-based and fluorocarbon-based ferrofluids. These findings underline the potential of ferrofluids for electronic cooling, compact heat sink design, and improved drilling efficiency in oil and mineral extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse data-driven modelling of geometry adaptive heat transfer in multichip modules with model-agnostic meta-learning algorithm","authors":"Zhi-Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Hua ,&nbsp;Jiangzhou Peng ,&nbsp;Zhi-Fu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu-Bai Li ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Wei-Tao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid thermal estimation for Multichip modules (MCMs) is crucial for structural design and optimization of electronic equipment. Although existing thermal estimation methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) can rapidly predict temperature distributions for various chip arrangements and power dissipations, they typically require large datasets and extensive training time, resulting in high computational and resource costs. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a sparse data-driven model integrating <em>meta</em>-learning with CNNs, specifically tailored for constructing geometry-adaptive heat transfer prediction models for MCMs, thus significantly reducing dependence on extensive training datasets. When adapting to new tasks, the proposed model requires only approximately 2 s of fine-tuning using merely 20 new data samples to achieve geometric adaptability, attaining an impressive prediction accuracy of approximately 99 %. This accuracy is comparable to conventional CNN-based surrogate models but reduces data requirements by approximately 80 %. Furthermore, the proposed model can estimate the temperature field within 10 ms, which is three to four orders of magnitude faster than traditional numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the model’s significant potential for efficient few-shot multitask learning in thermal estimation scenarios, substantially improving the utilization efficiency of historical MCM heat transfer datasets and effectively supporting real-time thermal estimation and rapid optimization of chip configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative measurement of thermal responses of a near-critical fluid chamber subjected to bottom heating","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yizhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Xu ,&nbsp;Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A broader application of supercritical CO₂ in the industry has invoked the need for the understanding of the coupling mechanism between the non-linear, non-monotonous behaving thermophysical properties with the fundamental heat transfer process in the region close to the critical point or the pseudo-critical line. In this research, a near-critical convective flow when subjected to the heat from the bottom (Rayleigh–Bénard model) is studied to investigate its instability and correlation behavior between the flow pattern and heat transfer characteristic. An improved phase-shifting interferometer is applied to capture transient density and temperature field data, facilitating the investigation of local fluid behavior. The measurement is conducted under several specific working conditions close to the critical point and also along the pseudo-critical line (initial conditions <em>T_i</em> = 32.00 ∼ 36.00 ℃, <em>p_i</em> = 7.50 ∼ 8.30 MPa), and under different heat fluxes <em>q</em> = 164, 657, and 1477 W/m². The main findings include: (1) In general, the convection and the plume flow are observed with the temperature changes of 10 ∼ 60 mK and Nusselt number up to 8 × 10⁴ in the length scale of 7 mm; (2) The faster trigger of convective flow under the same heating conditions in the gas-like cases is mainly due to the small dynamic viscosity, while the enlarged thermal expansion coefficient <em>β_p</em> near the pseudo-critical line or the critical point is responsible for the instability of the thermal boundary layer; (3) The inhomogeneous distribution of Nusselt number indicates the existence of small plume flow (on the length scale about 1 mm with variation in Nusselt number of 2 × 10³), which shows an inhomogeneous transfer heat transfer intensity in a small scale. This phenomenon is more important when the critical point or the pseudo-critical line is approached, which also indicates the importance of the local effect of convective heat transfer in the design and operation of the supercritical fluids system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations on the influences of hole configuration and density ratio on endwall film cooling characteristics","authors":"Mengyu Shang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin Xu ,&nbsp;Hong Wu ,&nbsp;Jiang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In present research, advanced cooling technologies combining upstream slot purge and discrete film cooling in the cascade passage were implemented. Experimental investigations employing pressure sensitive paint (PSP) techniques revealed distinct cooling performance correlated with flow characteristic. Under the conditions of different hole configurations (cylindrical holes and fan-shaped holes) and density ratios (<em>DR</em> = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5), flow field and heat transfer coefficient were obtained by validated simulations to reveal the mechanism of vortices disturbance and heat transfer enhancement. Based on the data acquired by PSP, a modified film cooling superposition method was proposed to improve predicted accuracy for combined cooling effectiveness of slot purge and jets from discrete film holes. Results indicate that fan-shaped holes provide better film coverage thanks to suppress of coolant lift-off when <em>DR</em> = 1.0, with increase of <em>DR</em>, rapid reduction of momentum leads to sharp decline of film coverage area and cooling effectiveness. When <em>DR</em> = 2.5, coolant flowing out through cylindrical film holes performs higher ability to resist the influence of secondary flow because of higher momentum. As <em>DR</em> increases, the intensified disturbance from the passage vortex further disrupts the coolant, which significantly enhances heat transfer on the endwall, particularly around the third row of film holes, this localized heat transfer enhancement contributes to net heat flux ratio (<em>NHFR</em>) exceeding unity. The modified superposition method takes into account the influences of hole configurations and density ratios, which improves the accuracy of prediction for combined cooling effectiveness of slot and discrete film holes, and averaged relative error reduces from 0.2 to less than 0.1 when 0 &lt; <em>x</em>/<em>C_ax</em> &lt; 1.1 compared to Sellers’ superposition method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the impact of frontal solidity on turbulent boundary layers over irregular bio-inspired surfaces","authors":"Ioannis K. Kaminaris ,&nbsp;Elias Balaras ,&nbsp;Vidya Vishwanathan ,&nbsp;Michael P. Schultz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of bio-inspired topographies on the mean flow statistics is studied via direct numerical simulations of spatially developing turbulent boundary layers with zero pressure gradient and validated against a peer experimental study. Calcareous biofouling topographies similar to those found on the hull of naval vessels are selected as study cases comprising barnacle- and tubeworm-type organisms both at one fixed planar solidity and two different frontal solidities. Topographies are synthesized via an in-house surface synthesis algorithm in order to mimic actual biofouled topographies. Focus is given on the effect of the frontal solidity, which is investigated by performing a parametric study where only the latter is altered while the rest of the main topographical statistics are kept the same. Strong correlation is observed between the frontal solidity and the roughness function, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, the boundary layer growth rate and the pressure forces exerted on the surfaces. However, that correlation was found to be more dominant in the barnacle-type topographies. All surfaces induce strong near-wall flow separation, while its characteristics are investigated through a histogram-based analysis of the surface forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsteady aerodynamics of a bio-inspired pitching-flapping-perturbed revolving wing with different kinematic frequency combinations","authors":"Jiakun Han ,&nbsp;Fengjie Zhu ,&nbsp;Liya Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, with the cross-integration of bionic principles in various disciplines, the inception of novel Flapping Rotary Wing (FRW) micro air vehicle that combines both the insect flapping wing and artificial rotary wing has promoted the development of many unmanned flight systems. In fact, the FRW is a self-rotating equilibrium state of a Pitching-Flapping-Perturbed Revolving Wing (PFP-RW), which is limited for understanding the effect of kinematics in coupled motions on its unsteady aerodynamics. In this paper, the insect-like geometry is introduced into the wing modeling, unsteady aerodynamics of a bio-inspired PFP-RW with different kinematic frequency combinations are simulated employing the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) based on the multi-domain grid refinement. Unsteady aerodynamics of the bio-inspired wing and the simplified rectangular wing are compared, and effects of the pitching-flapping frequency differences on aerodynamics of a bio-inspired PFP-RW are discussed. Moreover, the aerodynamic characteristics of the bio-inspired PFP-RW with different flapping frequencies are analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamics of the bio-inspired PFP-RW are closely related to the longitudinal vortex distribution on the airfoil surface. The combination of kinematic frequencies will cause mutual interference between vortex and wing, thereby affecting unsteady aerodynamics of the bio-inspired PFP-RW. Although the pitching-flapping frequency differences will affect the flight stability, it can still be used to obtain higher efficiency in some special maneuvering situations. However, the optimization of flapping frequency needs to be combined with flow field analysis. These results provide quantitative guidance for designing novel high-performance Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) with optimal kinematics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of freestream turbulence on wing-tip vortex meandering and deformation","authors":"M. Couliou ,&nbsp;S. Yadala ,&nbsp;G.K. Jankee ,&nbsp;I. Neunaber ,&nbsp;R.J. Hearst","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of freestream turbulence (FST) on a wing-tip vortex was investigated at a chord-based Reynolds number of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Experiments were conducted at four FST intensities, generated by an active grid, 0.30%, 1.84%, 7.70%, and 13.25%, with integral scales ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 times the wing chord length. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements document the effects of FST on the meandering motion of the wing-tip vortex in the near field and middle field of a NACA0012 wing, i.e., planes <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> downstream from the trailing edge of the wing. Conditional averaging based on recentring the coordinate system on the vortex center has been used to eliminate the influence of vortex motion. When the analysis was conditionally averaged on the vortex’s core position, a reduction in vortex strength with increasing FST was observed, along with a slight increase in diffusion for the highest FST cases (FST levels <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>6</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>). Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis on the coherent component of the streamwise vorticity field revealed two dominant modes associated with meandering displacement for all FST cases. POD analysis further reveals turbulence accelerates the onset of spatial modes associated with vortex deformation, which typically emerge in the far wake (<span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>36</mn></mrow></math></span>) under non-turbulent conditions but appear in the near wake (<span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>) when FST is present. The vortex deformation modes contribute more significantly to the total enstrophy in turbulent cases in the near wake than in the far wake under non-turbulent conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed roughness effect on flow separation beneath partially submerged simulated ice cover in a shallow channel","authors":"Baafour Nyantekyi-Kwakye,&nbsp;Mohammad Saeedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.110016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of bed roughness on shear layer separation and coherent structures beneath a partially submerged cover in a shallow channel is evaluated. A planar particle image velocimetry system is used to conduct detailed instantaneous velocity measurements beneath the partially submerged simulated ice cover. The results indicate that roughness influences near-wall turbulence, whiles the separated shear layer dominated the flow dynamics close to the undersurface of the cover. The instantaneous velocity field shows elongated separated shear layer underneath the cover for flow over the smooth bed compared to the rough bed. The bed roughness contributed to a reduction in size of the recirculation bubble at the undersurface of the cover. The instantaneous size of the recirculation bubble shows expansion and contraction of the separated shear layer when compared to the mean bubble size, depicting intense shear layer flapping at the undersurface of the cover, and this is dominant for the smooth bed flow. Close to the leading edge of the cover, the instantaneous spanwise vorticity magnitude shows dominance of small-scale instabilities akin to the Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability at interface of the separated shear layer. The separated shear layer generated large-scale vortices of varying length scale when compared to the bed roughness. Although bed roughness promoted near-wall turbulence with elevated levels of Reynolds stresses compared to the smooth bed, at the undersurface of the cover, the high levels of stresses were due to shear layer separation. A wide range of integral length scales are estimated within the separated shear layer, which contributed significantly to the generation of the Reynolds stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 110016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}