{"title":"An alkali-halophilic laccase facilitates highly efficient conversion of lignin into polyhydroxybutyrate","authors":"Yan Wang , Yang-Shan Hu , Hao-Tang , Yuan-Qiu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin valorization is crucial for sustainable biorefineries, yet its complex structure challenges efficient conversion. Here, we report an alkali-halophilic laccase (Lacc) from <em>Halomonas</em> sp. Y3 that enables highly efficient lignin-to-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) conversion. Lacc exhibits exceptional properties: optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 200 mM NaCl, >75 % activity retention at 70 °C, and 230 % activity enhancement under high salinity. It cleaves <em>β</em>-O-4, <em>β</em>-5, and <em>β</em>-<em>β</em> lignin linkages, achieving 47.52 % degradation when coupled with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, laccase-mediator system, LMS), outperforming fungal/bacterial laccases in alkaline conditions. Integrated depolymerization-fermentation processes were developed. Separate depolymerization and fermentation (SDF) with LMS pretreatment yielded 1.85 g/L PHB (18.52 % conversion). An optimized open nonisothermal simultaneous process (ONSDF) balanced Lacc (40 °C) and <em>Halomonas</em> sp. Y3 fermentation (30 °C), achieving record PHB production (1.97 g/L, 19.65 % conversion) from lignin—surpassing most microbial systems. Multi-omics analyses reveal the degrading mechanism: demethoxylation and side-chain modification generate aromatic monomers (e.g., 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), funneled into PHB via gentisate/benzoate pathways. This alkali-halophilic synergy enables non-sterile operation, reducing costs. This work provides: 1) a novel alkali-halophilic laccase for harsh industrial conditions; 2) a one-pot ONSDF strategy for scalable lignin valorization; and 3) insights into lignin depolymerization pathways. The findings advance lignin bioconversion and sustainable bioplastic production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132728"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Li , Chen Xie , Menghua Xia , Yinghua Xu , Yuyuan Li , Jinshui Wu
{"title":"Bioturbation alters nitrogen cycling in surface flow constructed wetlands: insights into microbial mechanisms","authors":"Xi Li , Chen Xie , Menghua Xia , Yinghua Xu , Yuyuan Li , Jinshui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared impact of benthic fauna on nitrogen (N) cycling processes in two type plants surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) by field experiment in one year. Results determined that bioturbation altered proportion of N removal pathways in two type plants SFCWs. In winter, proportion of microbial processes in snail SFCWs increased, compared with non-snail SFCWs, were more 75%. In both two type plants SFCWs, relative abundance of <em>Chloroflexi</em> increased to 18.58% in summer and autumn. However, bioturbation had little effect on ɑ diversity. Bioturbation enhanced proportion of positive correlation in the networks between microbial taxa and decreased negative correlation in the networks between microbial taxa, suggested that promoted microbial community stability and interaction. Additionally, water properties, plant total nitrogen (TN) and sediment TN were the main factors driving microbial community change in snail SFCWs. These results highlighted microbial community dynamics under bioturbation in different season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132725"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Houda M Haidar, James W Butler, Peter Gogolek, Kimberley B McAuley
{"title":"Sequential model-based design of experiments for a heat-integrated biomass downdraft gasifier.","authors":"Houda M Haidar, James W Butler, Peter Gogolek, Kimberley B McAuley","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducting new experiments for biomass gasifiers is expensive and time consuming. Therefore, it is important to select conditions for new experiments so maximum information is obtained. In this study, sequential Bayesian model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) is used to design new experimental runs for a heat-integrated biomass downdraft gasifier. This MBDoE approach is valuable because it accounts for model structure, prior information about plausible parameter values, and previous experimental data in a relatively simple way. Operating conditions selected for each new run are biomass moisture content, water injection rate, and the desired energy demand from the downstream engine. Three types of MBDoE with different objective functions are considered: A-optimal, V-optimal, and a proposed new type of focused V-optimal design. A-optimal design is used to when the goal is to obtain improved parameter estimates, without specifying how the model will be used. Performing two new A-optimal runs reduced the standard deviations for model parameters by 18.4% on average compared to when only old data are available. The three most-improved parameter estimates are activation energies for char gasification reactions involving carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam, respectively. The focused V-optimal methodology results in greater improvements in prediction accuracy for tar concentration and outlet temperature, which are key model responses. Using two designed V<sub>f</sub>-optimal runs reduces standard deviations for these variables by 59.4%, on average, compared to when only old data are available. New A-optimal and V-optimal runs lead to corresponding improvements of 30.7% and 50%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"132729"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon from deoiled camphor leaves via cellulase hydrolysis and potassium bicarbonate activation for high-performance supercapacitors.","authors":"Ruilan Xu, Zehong Chen, Ruijie Jin, Yidan Ouyang, Shuai Wang, Wenhua Zhang, Xintu Lin, Yong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hierarchical porous carbon with a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-like morphology was successfully synthesized using a sustainable approach. Camphor leaf biomass, after essential oil extraction, was employed for the first time as the raw material and co-treated with cellulase and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO<sub>3</sub>). Cellulase treatment disrupted the lignocellulosic framework, which enhanced the pore expansion and facilitated the penetration of KHCO<sub>3</sub>, leading to the development of abundant micro- and meso-porous structures. The resulting porous carbon (CE-K-PC) exhibited a high surface area (2401 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>), a large pore volume (1.43 cm<sup>3</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>), and a relatively high mesoporous ratio (0.78). Electrochemical experiments revealed outstanding efficiency, achieving a specific capacitance of 232F·g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A·g<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M KOH. A symmetric supercapacitor assembled with two CE-K-PC electrodes demonstrated excellent stability, retaining 97.5 % of its initial capacitance following 10,000 cycles at 5 A·g<sup>-1</sup>. These findings demonstrate the potential of graphene-like biocarbon prepared using cellulase hydrolysis followed by KHCO<sub>3</sub> activation for future sustainable energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"132730"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaqi Ding , Xiaoxiao Li , Zhengyu Jin , Birte Svensson , Yuxiang Bai
{"title":"Regulating the rate-limiting step of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase glycosylation reaction for efficient production of glycosylated polyphenols","authors":"Jiaqi Ding , Xiaoxiao Li , Zhengyu Jin , Birte Svensson , Yuxiang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD complexation solubilization and enzymatic glycosylation synergistically enhance the utilization of polyphenols in biomass. In this study, a comprehensive strategy was proposed, to regulate the rate-limiting step where the efficiency of <em>β</em>-CD ring-opening (<em>k</em><sub>1</sub>) exceeded the daidzein glycosylation (<em>k</em><sub>2</sub>) catalyzed by CGTase in the efficient glycosylation system based on cyclodextrin (CD) dynamic complexation. This approach involved systematic regulation of the CD:polyphenol molar ratio and concentration, along with rational CGTase engineering, to enhance the glycosylation yield of polyphenols. Through molecular docking and sequence alignment, key residues Y195 and E264 near the acceptor subsites +1 and +3 were identified. Based on the principles of enhancing hydrophobicity and reducing steric hindrance, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the two residues, and screening obtained seven single mutants with improved polyphenol glycosylation efficiency. The half-reaction kinetics analysis showed that mutants Y195F, E264A and E264V successfully narrowed the gap between <em>k</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>k</em><sub>2</sub>. Finally, the double mutants Y195F/E264A and Y195F/E264V were constructed, which showed higher glycosylation yields than single mutants. The optimal mutant Y195F/E264V achieved the highest reported yields of daidzein 7-O-<em>α</em>-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside (65.6 %) and rutin 4″-O-<em>α</em>-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside (89.4 %) in water, surpassing the wild-type (WT) by 37.4 % and 8.3 %, respectively. The study presents a universal approach for the valorization of plant biomass, with the potential for scalable application in plant polyphenol utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132727"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Zhao , Min Ruan , Jing Huang , Hui Li , Zhongliang Huang , ZhaoHui Yang , Weiping Xiong , Hong Chen , Xuan Zhang , Zijian Wu , Wei Zhang , Changzhu Li
{"title":"Neutral protease enhances sludge foaming and drying by tuning the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance of proteins","authors":"Cheng Zhao , Min Ruan , Jing Huang , Hui Li , Zhongliang Huang , ZhaoHui Yang , Weiping Xiong , Hong Chen , Xuan Zhang , Zijian Wu , Wei Zhang , Changzhu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sludge foaming can promote sludge drying efficiency. In the foaming process, sludge protein plays a critical role due to its amphiphilic properties. However, the existing alkaline hydrolysis can generate sufficient solubilized proteins but unable to adjust their properties suitable for subsequent foaming. In response to this issue, acid pretreatment, thermal pretreatment, and enzymes of α-amylase, neutral protease (NP), and alkaline protease were applied in combination with alkaline hydrolysis. Among all methods, the enzymatic hydrolysis of 10 ‰ NP (NP10) within 2.0 h optimally adjust the proteins hydrophilic/hydrophobic, reducing foaming time by 36.7 %, drying time by 19.7 %, and energy consumption by 21.1 %. The NP pretreatment followed by alkaline hydrolysis achieved a controllable hydrolysis of proteins, with NP10 reaching the highest ratio of polypeptides to proteins at 0.4 ± 0.02, which is desirable in sludge foaming. Meanwhile, the plastein reaction was observed in NP group, characterized by increased aggregated strands and decreased α-helix/(β-sheet + random coil) in protein secondary structures, which can improve the hydrophobicity of protein hydrolysate. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis confirmed the highest reaction activity of aggregated strands with NP. In sludge drying, the NP10 enhanced the value of effective moisture diffusivity by 51.1 % during the second falling rate period, and significantly decreased the resistance to internal moisture migration in sludge matrix. This work offered a synergistic strategy for efficient sludge foaming and drying by tuning the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of protein hydrolysate, and provided a deep understanding on sludge protein properties in relevant treatment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132724"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of light intensity on performance, microbial community and metabolic pathway of algal-bacterial symbiosis in sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating mariculture wastewater.","authors":"Qianzhi Wang, GuangYu Chu, Chang Gao, Taotao Tian, Wenchen Zhang, Wenzheng Chen, Mengchun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An algal-bacterial symbiosis (ABS) system was constructed in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor for mariculture wastewater treatment, and its performance, microbial community and metabolic pathway were analyzed under different light intensities. The ammonia oxidation rate and nitrate reduction rate under 7000 Lux light intensity were higher than other light intensities. Functional microorganisms including Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Alterinioella, and Chlorella vulgaris were enriched under 7000 Lux. Metabolism was the primary functional pathway based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis pathways belonging to Metabolism were promoted under 7000 Lux light intensity. The enhancement of light intensity promoted the algal photosynthesis, TCA cycle, electron generation, and nitrogen transformation. The TCA cycle and electron generation offered energy and electron donors for nitrogen transformation. This research provides fundamental knowledge to select optimal light intensity for ABS system treating mariculture wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"132726"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioeconomic potential of lignocellulosic by-products: Steam explosion-based fractionation into solid and liquid phases for fiber and methane production","authors":"Fabian Orth , Benedikt Hülsemann , Jayen Aris Kriswantoro , Ting-Wu Ko , Chen-Yeon Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines lignocellulosic by-products from agriculture and food industry for methane production. Banana peels, cacao bean shells, rice straw, tomato plant residues, and wheat straw underwent steam explosion treatment (SE) at 160 °C and 10 min followed by solid–liquid separation. Specific methane yield increased between 8.6 % to 19.6 % for rice and wheat straw and cacao bean shells after SE treatment, while decreasing for banana peels (14.1 %). The liquid phase demonstrated high specific methane yield potential, with SMY between 227 and 336 L<sub>CH4</sub> kg<sub>ODM</sub><sup>−1</sup>. Meanwhile, the fiber-rich solid phase offers potential for both energy applications and material utilization. The process supports both bioeconomic strategies and greenhouse gas reduction efforts through sustainable valorization of agricultural waste streams in circular economy models. However, further research is needed to optimize SE conditions and investigate other applications for the solid such as peat substitution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132723"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Wadud Ahmed , Vijay Singh , Mohammed Kamruzzaman
{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy as a green analytical tool for sustainable biomass characterization for biofuels and bioproducts: An overview","authors":"Md Wadud Ahmed , Vijay Singh , Mohammed Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass, a widely used renewable energy source, requires characterization to optimize biofuel and bioproduct processes, customize feedstocks, and ensure economic and environmental sustainability. Conventional wet-chemistry methods for biomass analysis are slow, expensive, and require significant reagents and skilled personnel. In contrast, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a faster, cost-effective, and reagent-free green technology, enables non-destructive biomass analysis with minimal sample preparation. This study provides an overview of the fundamentals of NIR spectroscopy and explores its recent applications for analyzing various biomass properties important to the biofuel and bioproduct industry. The study also critically evaluates the challenges and opportunities of using NIR spectroscopy for biomass analysis. This review aims to guide future research for rapid and high throughput characterization of biomass in the biomass industry, supporting the United Nations’ sustainable development goal (SDG) 7: producing affordable and sustainable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 132722"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego A R Ordóñez, Francisco J B T L Strunck, Luciana S Dutra, Amanda L T Brandão
{"title":"Upcycling glycerol into succinic acid: sustainable integration with biodiesel mills.","authors":"Diego A R Ordóñez, Francisco J B T L Strunck, Luciana S Dutra, Amanda L T Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the industrial potential of producing bio-based succinic acid (SA) from crude glycerol, a low-value byproduct of Brazil's biodiesel industry. By integrating green chemistry and biotechnology, the research aims to upcycle crude glycerol into high-value SA. Using Yarrowia lipolytica as a natural SA producer, the study assesses standalone facilities and systems integrated into biodiesel mills. Results show that producing SA from crude glycerol (S1) reduces climate change impact by 47% compared to using pure glycerol (S2), despite lower productivity. Integrating SA production with biodiesel operations (S3) improves economic performance but raises CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 54% relative to standalone biodiesel production (S1). All scenarios are economically feasible, with payback periods under seven years. Energy use and solvent recovery optimization remain essential to boost competitiveness. This work underscores the potential to upcycle crude glycerol, supporting circular economy strategies and informing sustainable biorefinery development and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"132716"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}