Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of design parameters and operation conditions of solar-air source heat pump coupled system for rural buildings in cold and severe cold regions","authors":"Zhibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Cao ,&nbsp;Siyu Qin ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Guosheng Jia ,&nbsp;Linwen Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating solar energy utilization into air source heat pump heating systems can effectively cut down on energy consumption. However, the complexity of coupled systems poses a challenge to system performance optimization. In this paper, a solar-air source heat pump coupled system designed for heating in cold (Beijing) and severe cold (Changchun) regions is developed and analyzed by TRNSYS software. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to establish regression models for different performance indicators, and then the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization of interactive performance parameters through Pareto optimal solution set. The regression models of the performance indicators, i.e., the energy consumption (<em>P</em>), the solar energy assurance rate (<em>Ar</em>) and the ratio of heating supply from solar energy storage tank to building load (<em>Hs</em>), are found to be closely related to the area of solar collectors (<em>A</em>) and the volumes of storage tanks (<em>V_l</em> for solar collector loop and <em>V_s</em> for ASHP loop). The obtained Pareto set successfully balances the optimal values of interactive performance indicators. In cold regions, <em>P</em>, <em>Ar</em>, <em>Hs</em> of the coupled system can be improved respectively by 31.79%, 33.00% and 40.07% compared to the single air source heat pump system. While in severe cold regions, these improvements are 16.25%, 15.35% and 28.38%, respectively. The design method and optimization procedure of this study provide a basis for the optimization of the solar and auxiliary heat source coupled heating systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance analysis of novel perovskite/CZTSe hybrid solar cell for high efficiency","authors":"Rabin Paul ,&nbsp;Shweta Shukla ,&nbsp;Trupti Ranjan Lenka ,&nbsp;Fazal Ahmed Talukdar ,&nbsp;Hieu Pham Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With newer developments, the solar cells in the market need to be more efficient, affordable, stable, and environment friendly. The perovskite solar cells have already shown very impressive progress in performance since their inception. It has already reached 26 % efficiency and is expected to reach more, owing to its stupendous photovoltaic nature. On the other hand, even with a very high absorption coefficient, the CZTSe solar cell has not crossed the 15 % efficiency mark. Looking at the characteristics of both the materials and considerable differences in band gap, a novel hybrid structure, HTL/Perovskite/CZTSe/CdS/ZnO, has been proposed in this work to implement Perovskite (CH₃NH₃Pb_3−xCl_x) and CZTSe layer to absorb higher energy and lower energy photons respectively. In this context, choosing a proper Perovskite material becomes more crucial to have the required band alignment for the easy transportation of the excitons. The performance of the cell has been observed in varying parameters like thickness, doping, defects, and temperature. A high efficiency of 30.9 % is achieved which is much higher than the contemporary solar cells. Several other output parameters like Short Circuit Current Density (J_SC), Open Circuit Voltage (V_OC), Fill-Factor (FF%) characteristics have also been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of horizontal louver systems with flat, single-curvature, and double-curvature profiles to enhance daylighting, glare control, and energy consumption in office buildings","authors":"Ali Kangazian","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying the most optimal slat shape significantly influences the performance of louver systems in terms of daylighting, glare control, and energy consumption. This is particularly crucial in climates with high levels of solar irradiance, where thermal gain and daylight illumination highly affect buildings and occupants. This study aims to identify the optimal slat shapes for various profile types—flat, single-curvature, and double-curvature—that simultaneously reduce annual energy consumption and enhance annual daylighting and visual comfort performance in fully glazed office buildings. This goal is achieved by employing a multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm, NSGA-II, applied to a control-point-based algorithm designed to generate diverse slat shapes for each profile type. The main objective functions include the maximization of spatial useful daylight illuminance (sUDI) and spatial glare autonomy (sGA), as well as the minimization of energy use intensity (EUI). The MOO process results in a diverse set of Pareto optimal slat shapes for each profile type, which are subsequently ranked by a fitness function. Findings suggest that the Pareto optimal solutions within each type significantly improve the overall performance of the space compared to the base case. Specifically, among these solutions, flat profiles with the highest fitness scores enhance daylighting levels of the space to a greater extent (9.028% to 14.583%) compared to single (−2.778% to 12.5%) and double-curvature profiles (−5.556% to 9.722%) with the highest scores. Regarding glare, double-curvature profiles with the highest fitness scores provide a more visually comfortable environment for users by improving the sGA value by 19.879% to 33.247% compared to the base case. However, those with a concave-convex shape produce excessive illumination in the perimeter zone, whereas those with a convex-concave shape present challenges in providing sufficient daylight in the rear zone of the space. Additionally, applying any of the Pareto optimal solutions to the louver system reduces the annual energy consumption of the office space compared to the base model. While the improvements are almost comparable, flat profiles with the highest fitness scores marginally reduces energy consumption to a greater extent (62.906% to 68.161%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the solar still performance with nano-coated seashells and surface-modified absorber plates for clean water production","authors":"Poongavanam GaneshKumar ,&nbsp;N. Thangapandian ,&nbsp;Seong Cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Vanaraj Ramkumar ,&nbsp;Saravanan Pandiaraj ,&nbsp;Abdullah N. Alodhayb","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study focuses on enhancing the thermal efficiency and water productivity yield of a double slope solar still (DSSS) by integrating a roughened corrugated copper plate, and nano-coated seashells. The surface-modified absorber plate, combined with small and larger-sized conch shells, intends to enhance thermal absorption, thermal transfer, and water evaporation. Four different SS are considered in this study, namely (i) CSS, (ii) corrugated absorber plate with shot blasting (CSBSS) (iii) corrugated absorber plate with small conch shell (CSBSSS), and (iv) corrugated absorber plate with big conch shell (CSBBSS) incorporated SS. The corrugation process and the conch shells’’ addition enhance the absorption, improving heat transfer, maintaining water temperature, reducing heat loss, promoting efficient water evaporation, and augmentation of durability and adaptability of the solar still system. The increased heat flux was observed in the corrugated copper plate (6400.7 W/m2), compared with the flat plate (4723.8 W/m²), suggests that the corrugated design is more capable of capturing and transmitting solar energy effectively through ANSYS software. The daily productivity of CSS was 1468 ml/m2/day, and CSBSS achieved 1708 ml/m2/day. Promoting the implementation of corrugation and the integration of conch shells, CSBBSS and CSBSSS systems exhibited improved yields, reaching 2002 and 2193 ml/m2/day, respectively. CSBSS, CSBSSS, and CSBBSS showed thermal efficiencies surpassing CSS by 6.41 %, 35.53 %, and 24.48 %, respectively. The average exergy efficiencies attained for CSS, CSBSS, CSBSSS, and CSBBSS were 1.653 %, 2.451 %, 3.91 %, and 3.29 %, respectively at an 8 % interest rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, construction, and qualification of a lightweight, modular heliostat made from high-performance concrete","authors":"Patrick Forman ,&nbsp;Marius Schellen ,&nbsp;Tim Schlichting ,&nbsp;Andreas Pfahl ,&nbsp;Peter Mark ,&nbsp;Christian Glock ,&nbsp;Jürgen Schnell","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With regard to climate change and the importance of utilization of solar energy, the development of a modular concrete heliostat is presented. The focus thereby lies on the design and the construction of the concentrator structure, demonstrating the technical proof of concept for a small-scale collector. The idea of using concrete as a structural material is its free shapeability, and its worldwide availability. With respect to accuracy demands, a high-performance concrete (HPC) is used that possesses a high compressive and also tensile strength. The collector is designed as a strut-like structure with main radial beams and a central mount to ensure high stiffness. A circular design minimizes shading effects in the solar field. By employing symmetry reduction methods, the concentrator is dissolved into equal segments making it a modular construction. To demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype with diameter 3.2<!--> <!-->m and a weight of just about 340<!--> <!-->kg consisting of four modules was developed. The production is achieved using a modular formwork made from polystyrene at the RPTU Kaiserslautern. The concrete heliostat is built-up and qualified at the solar tower Jülich (Germany) by means of photogrammetric measurement of the mirror surface. In addition, the concrete structure was measured in the lab of the Ruhr University Bochum. The deformations of the concrete structure vary mainly in the range of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->mm only indicating remarkable stiffness. In contrast, the mirror deformations reveal an optical efficiency of <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->mrad. However, these deformations are primarily attributed to the simple mirroring concept by means of clamping, which was not the central subject of the development. However, deviations between varying collector positions are less than 2 mm and only occur in local areas of single mirror facets, which additionally underlines the stiffness of the concrete structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic functionality assessment of InPBi-based solar cells using a combination of density functional theory and finite element method analysis","authors":"Neelesh Jain ,&nbsp;Indranil Mal ,&nbsp;Sadhna Singh ,&nbsp;Dip Prakash Samajdar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports the theoretical investigation of the effect of incorporation of dilute Bismuth (Bi) on the optical and electronic properties of zinc blende (ZB) phase Indium Phosphide (InP) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) basis set, Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange–correlation (XC) function, and the Tran Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential in the density functional theory (DFT) computational framework. The obtained results show that the introduction of large-sized Bi impurities into InP increases the lattice constant and reduces the bandgap by 52 meV/Bi%. We have also presented the design of an InP/InP_1−xBi_x/InP planar solar cell (SC) utilizing the computed optical and electronic properties of the investigated InP_1-xBi_x alloy to produce SC with an average absorptance of 65.14% and 62.91% with Bi incorporation of 3.125% and 6.25%, respectively, and an optical current density (J_opt) of 29.45 mA/cm² for Bi concentration of 6.25%. We also thoroughly analyzed two additional parameters, namely the electric field distribution and photogeneration rate. By adding 6.25% Bi into InP, we obtained a band gap of 1 eV, which is perfect for SC design. With this SC, we got the highest short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 23.23 mA/cm² and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.53 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of masking and aperture size for accurate measurement of performance parameters of DSSCs","authors":"Milan Kumar Mandal ,&nbsp;Rahul Ranjan ,&nbsp;Surajit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Jayanta Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DSSC efficiency is often reported with very little or no consideration of the cell area for which they are reported. Area masking of cells is almost always used for the measurement of cell performance parameters (Jsc, Voc, and FF). Although edge masking is required to exclude edge effects, a variety of masking including masking a major portion of the cells are frequently used to boost the apparent efficiency of the cell. In this work, it will be shown that the reported efficiency of a cell is strongly dependent on the exposed area. Two different kinds of cells have been considered in this work to elucidate the area effect: first is a large active area cell whose performance metrics are obtained by masking various fraction of the active area. Second, cells were fabricated with active areas ranging from small to large. A comparison of these two kinds of cells demonstrates that the cells with smaller areas show area-dependent performance parameters. A cell with a 4 mm² exposed area will show a higher efficiency of 10.47 % while the efficiency will drop to ∼ 3 % as the area increases to 60 mm² or higher. Such area dependence can be avoided if the cell area/exposed area selected is 60 mm² or above. The reason for the area dependence has been identified to be due to the presence of trap states and not due to scattering which is sometimes used in the literature to explain the area dependence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the closure relationship among shortwave radiometric measurements under a cold climate during winter","authors":"Bai Liu ,&nbsp;Dazhi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang’ao Xia ,&nbsp;Haizhi Qiu ,&nbsp;Yanbo Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To support the Baseline Surface Radiation Network initiative, a new radiometric station was set up in Qiqihar, China, which has a monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate (Dwa) under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, which is extremely rare in the world. Through a two-month operation in winter, it was observed that the station suffered from some nonclosure problems that impacted the quality of its measurements—the summation of the beam and diffuse components do not agree well with the global one. This work therefore investigates the possible causes of the problems and presents a set of quality checks to identify the causes. It is found that the problems originate from the mis-leveling of the sun tracker and frost deposition on the pyrheliometer, and once they are fixed, the closure relationship is maintained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of indirect solar drying system for potato slices: Comparative analysis with open-sun drying method","authors":"Ankit Srivastava ,&nbsp;Atul Sharma ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a partially portable indirect solar dryer (ISD) was constructed and potato slice drying characteristics were analyzed compared to the open-sun drying (OSD) method. Potato slice samples were prepared and the experiment was carried out for two days. Weight reduction environment temperature, collector plate temperature, drying chamber temperature, and drying chamber inlet temperature were recorded from 10 AM to 6 PM. every 30 min to analyze various drying characteristics. Initially moisture content (MC) of the potato slices was 83 ± 2 % (wb); after drying the final MC was 11.7 ± 2 % (wb) for OSD and 7.7 ± 2.0 % (wb) for ISD system, both in 16 h. The highest drying rate (DR) of potato slices was 18.8 (g water/g solid h) after 8 h of open sun drying, and 16.97 (g water/g solid h after) 8 h. Rehydration ratios for OSD and ISD were found 4.32 and 4.20, respectively. Shrinkage factor for OSD was 61 %, whereas ISD had a shrinkage ratio of 70 %. The highest color change values were 6.32 and 8.13 in the ISD and OSD, respectively. Water activity was reduced from 0.95 to 0.42 in ISD and from 0.95 to 0.59 in OSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental, energy and economic assessment of thermionic enhanced solar dish–Stirling power generation","authors":"Zhuhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanghua Zheng ,&nbsp;Lili Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Jiangrong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed an innovative and comprehensive environmental, energy and economic framework for the potentially promising solar thermionic–Stirling power (TSP) technique, where thermionic emission is coupled to the conventional 10 kW dish–Stirling conversion. Carbon emissions of the thermionic energy converter were accounted for the first time, by referring to the industrial production of the raw materials. The TSP exhibits a net carbon emission of 17726.35 kgCO₂Eq in the entire life cycle from cradle to grave, where the thermionic converter and Stirling engine contributed 2.01 * 10³ and 5.38 * 10³ kgCO₂Eq respectively. The maximum daily power efficiency of the TSP is 32.91 % in Hangzhou at the emitter work function of 1.8 eV and the collector work function of 1.1 eV, with an efficiency enhancement by 28.04 % compared with that of the traditional dish–Stirling system. The specific carbon emission of the TSP is 19.9–33.2 gCO₂Eq/kWh for the investigated cities in China, while the carbon payback period ranges from 0.85 to 4.81 years. The TSP implemented in Hohhot achieves a LCoE of 49.73 US$/MWh due to sufficiently strong sunshine under the constrain of internal rate of return = 9 % and net present value ≥0.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}