Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “3E analysis of a solar hybrid CCHP system at a university campus” [Sol. Energy 291 (2025) 113413]","authors":"Ramon P.P. da Silva, Matheus Strobel, Mustafa Erguvan, Shahriar Amini","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel sensor-driven framework for preemptive failure detection in energy systems: Application to photovoltaic inverters","authors":"Mohammad Badfar ,&nbsp;Ratna Babu Chinnam ,&nbsp;Shijia Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Qiu ,&nbsp;Murat Yildirim","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective asset monitoring in energy systems is essential for minimizing the levelized cost of energy, as failures can lead to significant energy losses and expensive repairs. This paper introduces a modular industrial framework for detecting failures preemptively in energy systems. The framework consists of three main modules: preprocessing of autonomous sensor data, mitigating external influences, and flagging failure risks. The first module applies data cleaning, transformation, calibration, and feature engineering techniques to refine raw sensor data for subsequent analysis. The second module minimizes the influence of external variables such as environmental and operational variables on the sensor signals. The third module utilizes advanced ensemble methods to detect anomalies indicative of potential failures. This study underscores the critical role of preprocessing in enhancing data quality and validates the framework’s effectiveness through a real-world case study involving photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The results demonstrate the framework’s ability to accurately identify inverters at risk of failure, enabling timely maintenance and reducing downtime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of infrared thermographic image blurring on UAV inspection efficiency of solar power plants","authors":"Tor Atle Solend ,&nbsp;Anders Rødningsby ,&nbsp;Jonas Moen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) inspecting solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants with infrared (IR) cameras is a well-established method to identify hotspots and other defects that radiate heat. With large PV power plants, the task of inspecting the entire area can be overwhelming if the equipment and planning are inadequate. With so much information in each image, the quality of the images will determine if the inspection is useful or not. In previous work, the uncertainty in UAV navigation system parameters has been analyzed and shown to seriously deteriorate image quality and affect inspection efficiency. However, in this study, the analysis is extended to include the effect of image blurring (called motion blur), resulting from the UAV travelling too fast, obscuring vital details in the video image. The novel analysis shows that motion blur is to be regarded as a key factor limiting data quality and data acquisition efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive PV inspection simulator that analyzes the effect of motion blur combined with the UAV navigation performance, is proposed to assess the complete system performance. The simulator is used to evaluate two levels of navigation precision and three camera setups at three different power plant latitudes. To avoid unacceptable motion blurring in the IR images, the maximum UAV flight velocity is determined for all cases. Subsequently, the maximum data acquisition rate of the overall system is calculated. The simulation results show that the design of a UAV system for PV power plant inspection should include a carefully chosen platform that balances navigation performance and image resolution. The image resolution directly affects the maximum flight velocity of the UAV, caused by motion blurring, thus constraining the inspection time and data acquisition rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113673"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate and scalable receiver-level flux prediction: A fully data-driven solution","authors":"Mathias Kuhl ,&nbsp;Max Pargmann ,&nbsp;Daniel Maldonado Quinto ,&nbsp;Robert Pitz-Paal","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concentrated Solar Technologies (CST) systems, particularly central tower configurations with heliostat fields, play a critical role in the renewable energy landscape. By focusing sunlight from thousands of heliostats onto a central receiver, these systems generate high-temperature heat, which serves as a key resource for dispatchable power generation and industrial processes. Accurate receiver-level flux prediction, which depends on precise heliostat characterization, is essential for optimizing efficiency and operational control. However, existing characterization methods face trade-offs between accuracy and scalability, limiting their practicality for large-scale deployment.</div><div>To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a fully data-driven framework that unifies heliostat characterization and flux prediction, leveraging operational data from standard calibration procedures. Expanding upon previous work that employed StyleGAN for beam-characterization-based predictions, this approach advances the methodology to achieve accurate receiver-level flux predictions. While the prior method demonstrated a proof of concept for a unified data-driven approach, it remained constrained to flux predictions on the calibration target itself. This study introduces key innovations, including aim point generalization strategies and a novel receiver projection technique, effectively bridging the gap between beam-characterization-based heliostat characterization and accurate receiver-level flux predictions.</div><div>The proposed Transformer-based architecture achieves receiver-level focal spot prediction errors below 12%, exceeding the accuracy of state-of-the-art deflectometry-enhanced ray tracing. By relying exclusively on standard calibration images, the method remains both cost-efficient and scalable, offering a practical solution for large-scale CST applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-functional cooling system for enhancing photovoltaic thermal management and energy harvesting","authors":"Kang Xiang ,&nbsp;Huangying Wu ,&nbsp;Congji Zhang ,&nbsp;Guopeng Chen ,&nbsp;Xingchi Jiang ,&nbsp;Shangzhen Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the rapid advancement of photovoltaic (PV) technology, solar PV power generation has become a critical pillar of renewable energy. However, as the integration density and power output of PV modules continue to increase, thermal management challenges have become more pronounced, leading to reduced conversion efficiency and shortened service life. To address these issues, this study proposes a composite PV system that integrates thermal management and energy harvesting functionalities, employing hydrogel structures for efficient cooling and incorporating an aluminum-air battery to enable simultaneous cooling and electricity generation. Experimental results demonstrate that under a solar irradiance of 1200 W·m⁻², the integrated system effectively reduced the surface temperature of the PV panels by 19.25 °C, achieving a maximum cooling efficiency of 44.35 %. Meanwhile, the aluminum-air battery, driven by the waste heat generated during PV operation, achieved a maximum output voltage of 1.81 V, exhibiting excellent energy conversion performance. This multifunctional composite system not only significantly enhances the thermal management of PV modules but also realizes waste heat recovery and synergistic power generation, offering a novel pathway for multifunctional energy utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of selective boron emitters for TOPCon solar cells using boron-doped amorphous silicon as diffusion source","authors":"Wenhao Chen ,&nbsp;Weiqing Liu ,&nbsp;Ligang Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiale Cao ,&nbsp;Chuankun Ma ,&nbsp;Yimao Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of selective boron emitters (BSEs) plays a pivotal role in improving the efficiency of tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells. This study presents a novel approach for BSE fabrication, which involves depositing boron-doped amorphous silicon (a-Si(B)) via magnetron sputtering, followed by defining heavily doped regions using a continuous wave infrared laser. The final step is a one-step thermal oxidation process that converts a-Si(B) into borosilicate glass (BSG). The single-sided deposition process effectively reduces chemical consumption and simplifies processing steps, while the high laser energy utilization efficiency of a-Si significantly decreases energy expenditure during laser treatment. By changing the nitrogen and oxygen ratio of the thermal process atmosphere, the sheet resistance in the lightly doped region can be adjusted over a wide range. While, the distribution of boron atoms in the heavily doped region is mainly controlled by the boron content in a-Si (B) and the laser power, and is less affected by the thermal process atmosphere. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach allows for precise adjustment of dopant concentrations in both lightly and heavily doped regions, resulting in improved passivation quality and contact performance. The study highlights the potential of this method to meet diverse design requirements and enhance the efficiency of TOPCon solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable Agri-Photovoltaics through system design and viability in Semi-Arid conditions","authors":"Aqeel ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Sumbel Ijaz ,&nbsp;Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ,&nbsp;Tauseef Tauqeer ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qasim Mehmood","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agri Photovoltaic (APV) systems are a key technology offering a coupled solution for both food and energy, which reduces the land requirement while meeting the sustainable development goals. This work presents a design and performance analysis of various APV systems by modelling tilted mono-facial, (tilted and vertical) bifacial, and the single-axis east–west tracking (SAT) photovoltaic (PV) system. A 1.0 MW system has been considered under local meteorological conditions across multiple seasons for semi-arid climate of Lahore, Pakistan. The vertical bifacial (VB) system produces more electricity in the morning and late afternoon, along with its feature of covering minimum space to provide enough clearance for agricultural machinery. The SAT and tilted systems produced peak output of 780 kWh/m² and 772 kWh/m² in summer, while in winter their outputs drop to 587 kWh/m² and 542 kWh/m², respectively, showing a 19 % seasonal variation in energy generation. The SAT system produces maximum of 134.2 kWh monthly, which is 27.80 % more than that of the VB system, and 21.44 % more than that of the tilted bifacial system. The comparison of tilted mono-facial and bifacial systems result in a bifaciality gain of 8.3 % encouraging the applicability of bifacial technology despite its higher cost compared to mono-facial panels. Moreover, the Ohmic loss is found to be minimum (176 kWh in June) for VB system, while the SAT and mono-facial systems undergoes annual losses up to 3000 kWh under high-power conditions. The suitability of growing crops is validated via the high average Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) value of 450 µmol/m²/S/Nm throughout 2023, it suffices the lettuce (162–185 µmol/m²/s) and tomatoes (231–347 µmol/m²/s) crops. Meanwhile, the APV system implementation has been affirmed to be economically viable based on the comparison of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) with energy tariff indices of Lahore. In the light of all favored inferences, this work not only proves Lahore and the areas with similar environmental attributes suitable for deployment of APV but also serves as gateway for APV implementation. This study uniquely integrates energy output, LCOE, and crop-specific PAR analysis to evaluate APV feasibility considering its benefits in Lahore while offering a replicable model for similar semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency of earth-abundant Zn3P2 SCs by in-depth numerical analyses on various hole transport layers","authors":"Arifuzzaman Rajib ,&nbsp;Anamul Hasan ,&nbsp;M. Atowar Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A heterojunction solar cell (SC) utilizing earth-abundant, cost-effective, and stable zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂) as the absorber layer, alongside with highly transparent and high-band-gap magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO) as the junction partner, was investigated by utilizing SCAPS-1D simulator. This innovative device architecture allowed for an in-depth evaluation of crucial parameters such as layer thickness, carrier density, and defect densities, facilitating the identification of the optimal conditions for the SCs. Following the optimization of the Zn3P₂ layer, as a hole transporting materials, additional materials—specifically NiO, Cu₂O, nitrogen-doped copper oxide (NCO), and copper gallium selenide (CGSe) were systematically integrated with MZO/Zn₃P₂ configuration to further enhance the overall cell performance. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess various aspects of the solar cell performance, including energy band structure, work function of the back contact metal, operating temperature ranges, quantum efficiency (QE) analysis at different wavelengths of light. Additionally, recombination analysis at both interfaces of the device with different configuration such as <strong><em>MZO/Zn₃P₂/NiO, MZO/Zn₃P₂/Cu₂O, MZO/Zn₃P₂/CGSe,</em></strong> and <strong><em>MZO/Zn₃P₂/NCO</em></strong> were investigated systemetically. Among the configurations explored, the <strong><em>MZO/Zn₃P₂/NCO</em></strong> structure emerged as the most effective, demonstrating stable operation over a wide temperature range. This configuration exhibited a significantly higher built-in potential compared to other designs, coupled with low recombination rates and a reduced surface recombination velocity (SRV) at the rear side. Such enhancements culminated in an impressive photoconversion efficiency of 20.5 %, with a short-circuit current density of 21.15 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V, and a fill factor of 81.9 %. These promising results not only highlight the potential of the <strong><em>Al/FTO/MZO/Zn₃P₂/NCO/Ni</em></strong> solar cell as an efficient solar energy harvester but also underscore its viability as a sustainable alternative in the pursuit of renewable energy solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113678"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage modeling of power tower receiver tubes using the SRLIFE tool","authors":"Jacob Wenner ,&nbsp;Mark C. Messner ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) molten-salt central receivers are subject to high, transient incident flux during daily operation. The resulting creep-fatigue damage impacts the receiver’s reliability and restricts the permissible incident flux distribution for a given receiver. This paper aims to reduce CSP plants’ levelized cost of electricity by developing a methodology to predict lifetime and identifies the primary damage mechanism (creep vs fatigue) for any given fluid temperature and temperature gradient. Results are presented in the form of a damage map that serves as a valuable operation guide and design tool. Damage maps can be used to reduce maintenance costs by improving reliability and reduce receiver capital costs by better utilizing the receiver area. FEA simulation and damage modeling of tubes subject to asymmetrical flux conditions is performed in the open-source receiver design tool <span>srlife</span>. Parametric studies are performed over a range of inner tube temperatures and thermal gradients for A230, 316H, 740H, A282, A617, and 800H high temperature alloys. Damage maps are presented for each alloy. A parametric, FEA-based methodology is presented for comparison of fatigue-creep ratios and prediction of tube lifetime based on the critical thermal operating conditions. Fatigue is found to be negligible compared to creep for almost every case. This finding suggests that fatigue effects associated with cloud events are insignificant compared to creep at these high temperature operating conditions. Additionally, lifetime predictions identify thermal conditions where small changes in operating conditions can result in large changes in predicted lifetime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active learning driven multi-property inverse design of spinel solar cells","authors":"Hange Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Peng ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu ,&nbsp;Jia Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel materials offer promising potential for solar cell applications due to their highly tunable compositions and unique structures. However, developing efficient and stable spinel solar cells is hindered by data scarcity and the challenge of meeting multi-property requirements through traditional experimental and data-mining approaches. To address these limitations, we developed a comprehensive multi-property inverse design framework that integrates active learning to mitigate data scarcity and inverse design to efficiently identify optimal spinel compositions using the most informative data points. Within this framework, we applied a Multi-Task Gradient Boosting Machine model, which simultaneously predicts critical properties—bandgap values, bandgap type, and stability—achieving Area Under Curve scores of 0.86, 0.91, and 0.86, respectively. Leveraging this approach, we systematically explored over 10¹³ compositional combinations and identified 168 spinel materials<!--> <!-->that satisfy stringent criteria for high-performance solar cells. By employing interpretable machine learning techniques, we further analyzed the structure–property relationships of these materials, yielding actionable insights for targeted material design. This work not only accelerates the discovery of advanced spinel-based solar cells but also establishes a versatile strategy applicable to the design of other functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}