Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"A proposed high-intensity radiometer calibration method using concentrated solar radiation","authors":"Luke P. McLaughlin,&nbsp;Luis G. Maldonado,&nbsp;Hendrik Laubscher,&nbsp;Benjamin Bean,&nbsp;Joseph Morrell,&nbsp;Kathryn Small","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate calibration of irradiance measurement devices, or radiometers, is essential for ensuring the reliability of measurements in high heat applications such as concentrating solar power (CSP), aerospace, defense, and pulsed power systems. Despite the critical need, existing calibration standards and service providers are limited to irradiance levels below 100 kW/m² and specific radiation sources, which is insufficient for many applications. For instance, CSP technologies, particularly those under the Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) Gen 3 program, require accurate measurements of broadband irradiance at levels exceeding 2000 kW/m². In even more extreme scenarios, such as re-entry vehicles, heat levels can surpass 10000 kW/m². Current ISO standards, specifically ISO 14934–2 and ISO 14934–3, are constrained to lower irradiance levels and dependent on black body heat sources, limiting their applicability for high-intensity broadband irradiance measurements, particularly in concentrated solar applications.</div><div>To address this shortfall, the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) proposes a calibration method and facility capable of characterizing radiometers up to 2750 kW/m² using concentrated solar irradiance. Calibrating with concentrated sunlight is important for solar applications as it aligns the calibration process with the solar spectrum. This alignment is crucial for minimizing systematic errors and avoiding the need for additional corrections that may arise when radiometers designed for solar applications are calibrated using black-body or electrical sources. This paper presents the present day NSTTF characterization facility and procedure, detailing the proposed calibration method and uncertainty quantification. The presented method builds upon 1980′s NSTTF methodology and involves both theoretical and empirical methods to establish a robust relationship between gauge voltage output and irradiance intensity, quantifying both measurement and fitting errors. By addressing the limitations of existing standards and extending the characterization range, this work provides an advancement in the field of high-intensity irradiance measurement and instrumentation characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban pavement-mounted photovoltaics as renewable energy systems for energy generation and microclimate control","authors":"Chrysanthi Efthymiou ,&nbsp;Ansar Khan ,&nbsp;Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos ,&nbsp;Mattheos Santamouris","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate and energy crises have generated several issues for humanity in recent years, threatening life even in developed countries. This resulted in global regulations promoting environmental sustainability and decarbonisation. In this direction, increasing the use of renewable energy sources will be critical. Thus, increased energy generation from renewable sources necessitates the development of new energy parks, which need a large amounts of free space and significant investments. So, one interesting solution to this problem is to integrate photovoltaics (PVs) into pavements and roadways. This study evaluates the performance of PV pavements through a pilot project implemented in Athens. The study focuses on understanding the thermal behaviour, energy production, and microclimatic impacts of PV pavements under real-world conditions. Experimental measurements were conducted over two phases, complemented by numerical modeling using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the building effect parameterization (BEP) and building energy model (BEM) to assess their climatic impact. Results reveal that PV pavements, when clean, can exhibit lower surface temperatures compared to asphalt and conventional dark paving materials. Despite some efficiency losses due to shading and material properties, the PV pavement generates enough electricity to power outdoor lighting in the study area. Although the study reveals a minor rise in local ambient and surface temperatures, coupled with changes in urban boundary layer height, when a significant percentage of the city surface is covered with PV pavements. This comprehensive evaluation highlights the potential of PV pavements as a sustainable urban infrastructure solution, offering dual benefits of energy generation and urban microclimate improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ConvODE-Mixer: A multimodal deep learning model for ultra-short-term PV power forecasting","authors":"Binbin Yong ,&nbsp;Yanxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Aiai Ren ,&nbsp;Xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingguo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy has emerged as a critical renewable resource for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Owing to meteorological-induced stochastic fluctuations in photovoltaic (PV) generation, PV power forecasting still faces significant challenges, potentially causing grid instability events. This paper proposes a multimodal model, designated ConvODE-Mixer, integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) to improve the ultra-short-term PV power forecasting accuracy. By integrating ground-based cloud images (GBCI) and meteorological data, ConvODE-Mixer utilizes a multi-scale lite-reduced atrous spatial pyramid pooling (LR-ASPP) segmentation module to capture cloud thickness variations and a channel attention mechanism that dynamically weights light transmittance-sensitive features, thereby enhancing PV power forecasting precision. In the 10 min ahead forecasting task, ConvODE-Mixer exhibited statistically significant performance enhancements over MNF-ODEnet. Specifically, ConvODE-Mixer achieved a 40.45% reduction in mean square error (MSE), a 31.11% decrease in mean absolute error (MAE), a 4.66% improvement in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, and a 41.17% reduction in relative absolute error (RAE). These results validate the model’s capacity to stabilize ultra-short-term grid operations by reducing prediction-to-actual deviations during rapid weather transitions, thereby enabling power dispatch systems to maintain supply–demand equilibrium with improved operational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 113777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative floating solar still equipped with a Fresnel lens and a submerging condenser: An experimental study","authors":"Nabil A.S. Elminshawy ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Soliman ,&nbsp;D.G. El-Damhogi ,&nbsp;Kamal El-Nahhas ,&nbsp;Iqbal M. Mujtaba","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the scarcity of energy and clean water, extensive research on solar desalination systems<!--> <!-->has been carried out over recent years. Solar stills are a prevalent<!--> <!-->desalination system owing to their facile assembly and affordable<!--> <!-->cost. Nevertheless, solar stills are less productive than other conventional desalination technologies due to the challenge of raising the temperature of salt water. To address this, a newly developed floating solar still (FSS) with an air fan (AF), an external submerged condenser (ESC), and a Fresnel Lens (FRL), designated in short as (FSSFE), is experimentally investigated. This still boosts sunlight entering the still chamber and heats the saltwater directly via a Fresnel lens, thereby improving the evaporation. In addition to the Fresnel lens, an external condenser is integrated with the floating still, which is submerged in the surrounding aquatic environment. The findings reveal that the modified floating solar still with Fresnel lens and external condenser can produce significantly more clean water, accumulating roughly 18.85 L/day, a 469.48 % increase over the conventional solar still’s 3.31 L/day. The modified floating solar still offers a maximum daily average energy and exergy efficiency of 79.38 % and 26.94 %, while the conventional still offers only 20.31 % and 5.77 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113807"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel energy management optimization strategy for integrated photovoltaic-storage LVDC systems using dynamic multi-mode switching under energy market-oriented conditions","authors":"Wen Xueru ,&nbsp;Wu Xiaodong ,&nbsp;Zia Ullah ,&nbsp;Li Rong ,&nbsp;Wang Jiangchao ,&nbsp;Yang Haowei ,&nbsp;Hasan Saeed Qazi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift toward market-oriented energy policies introduces challenges in maximizing renewable energy utilization and optimizing power trading revenue. Photovoltaic (PV)-Storage-integrated low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems offer strong potential; however, conventional strategies often lack the flexibility to adapt to dynamic operating conditions. This paper proposes a dynamic multi-mode switching energy management strategy that enhances traditional coordination controls through energy storage protection, grid guarantee acquisition, and market positioning. A refined classification of operating modes enables seamless transitions among grid-connected, islanded, and hybrid modes, supporting adaptive scheduling and stable operation. The developed multi-mode switching strategy, based on dynamic coordinated energy management theory, ensures optimal energy management and facilitates seamless transitions between different operation modes—grid-connected, islanded, and hybrid—to balance power consumption and maximize system performance. A comprehensive analysis of the system’s operation and control modes was conducted, followed by a detailed comparison of green power consumption rates and revenue outcomes under various strategies. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy effectively maintains the storage system’s state of charge variation within 0–10%, thereby extending battery life and enhancing reliability. Renewable energy consumption increases by up to 30 percent, while green power revenue improves by up to 20%. These outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in enhancing the performance and economic value of PV-storage LVDC systems in evolving energy market-oriented conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113814"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar chimney combined with active cooling systems for enhanced indoor comfort and energy efficiency under extreme climates: A data-driven optimization approach","authors":"Alireza Karimi ,&nbsp;Masoud Norouzi ,&nbsp;Kavan Javanroodi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and its associated extreme events challenge the effectiveness of passive building design strategies. Hybrid passive-active systems emerge as a promising solution; however, their resilience in extreme climate conditions is less studied. This study addresses this gap by investigating the integration of solar chimneys (SC) with variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy demand under typical and extreme climate conditions. A novel combined optimization framework using Bayesian Optimization with Extreme Gradient Boosting (BO-XGBoost) and NSGA-II is applied to optimize SC design and VRF operation across future scenarios, including power outages and extreme warm periods.</div><div>Results show that the optimized SC–VRF system significantly improves resilience, particularly under extreme warm conditions. Compared to typical near-term conditions (2010–2039), Indoor Discomfort Degree and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied increased by 18.5 % and 1.4 % in the long-term (2070–2099) under active operation. In passive mode, these increases reached 39.7 % and 12.7 %, highlighting the limits of passive cooling alone. Sensitivity analysis indicated the SC opening area as the most influential design factor. The best overall performance was observed under typical mid-term (2040–2069) conditions, with energy use reduced by 13.3 % compared to long-term and 9.5 % compared to near-term scenarios. While passive SCs show potential in the near-term, integrating them with VRF systems is essential for maintaining comfort and efficiency under future extremes. The proposed SC–VRF configuration offers an effective strategy for maintaining thermal comfort and reducing energy use under climate extremes, thereby enhancing the climate resilience of buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 113809"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive temperature control for high-precision solar furnace operation","authors":"Juan D. Gil ,&nbsp;Igor M.L. Pataro ,&nbsp;Lidia Roca ,&nbsp;José L. Guzmán ,&nbsp;Manuel Berenguel ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Cañadas","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dedicated to the processing and analysis of materials with concentrated solar energy, solar furnaces serve as fundamental tools in experimental contexts. However, the control and precise operation of these systems presents significant challenges due to their nonlinear dynamics, the presence of unpredicted disturbances, and the specific operating requirements of the system. This work presents an adaptive controller based on a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) methodology for temperature control in solar furnaces. The proposed controller makes progress regarding the existing literature as it outperforms other control strategies in tracking ramping reference signals, which are essential for thermal cycling processes in solar furnaces. Moreover, this solution only includes two additional tuning parameters to the conventional Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control structure used in these systems, facilitating its application in daily operations. The MRAC controller was rigorously tested and compared with traditional PID solutions used in solar furnaces in a simulated environment using actual data and a validated nonlinear model. Furthermore, the MRAC strategy was tested in the existing solar furnace SF60 at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (Spain). The proposed controller demonstrated substantially lower error metrics than conventional strategies in simulation, reducing the IAE by approximately 75% and 50% compared to the PID and adaptive PID controllers, respectively, and achieving an RMSE of only 0.5 °C. Moreover, it showed promising performance in addressing real-world operational challenges. These achievements validate the proposed adaptive MRAC strategy and position it as a valuable tool for regular operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From binary to quaternary copper chalcogenide compounds in solar cells technology: Recent progress and perspectives","authors":"Tahta Amrillah ,&nbsp;Intan Nurul Rizki ,&nbsp;Vani Novita Alviani","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper chalcogenides (Cu<em>Ch</em>, where <em>Ch</em> = O, S, Se, Te) are promising semiconductor materials for various electronic applications, including solar cells. Among these compounds, CuInGaSe₂ (CIGS) is an excellent candidate for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solar cell applications. Cu<em>Ch</em>-based thin film solar cells offer a cost-effective and stable alternative to traditional Si-based solar cells with comparable efficiencies. Due to their outstanding semiconducting and optoelectronic properties, certain Cu<em>Ch</em> compounds have been utilized in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). However, several other Cu<em>Ch</em> compounds with excellent potential for solar cell use remain underexplored. This review article provides an overview of the current state of Cu<em>Ch</em>-based solar cells, covering the fundamental concepts, fabrication methods, and technologies involved in their production. The review scope extends beyond well-established Cu<em>Ch</em> photovoltaic materials to include lesser-developed compounds that remain largely unexplored for solar cell technology. The article also describes the plausible strategies to enhance the feasibility of Cu<em>Ch</em>-based solar cells in society, as well as addresses key challenges associated with the commercialization and marketability of this material, its potential use in future consumer products, and considerations for solar cell waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light active SiC/Bi2WO6/CD heterojunction: Fabrication, characterization, and optimization of its photocatalytic activity toward hematoxylin","authors":"Abbas Yousefi ,&nbsp;Ardeshir Shokrollahi ,&nbsp;Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dye removal from water supplies is an imperative issue because of its adverse effects on human health. Compared with other expensive removal techniques, photocatalytic degradation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly pathway. Here, a simple developed method was applied to fabricate a heterojunction composite photocatalyst composed of SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment of the synthesized composites’ structural and morphological properties was conducted using various analytical methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystallite size of 18.4 nm for SiC, 26.5 nm for Bi₂WO₆, 17.0 nm for CD, and 18.1 nm for SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. An SEM image showed heterogeneous surfaces with irregular-sized particles, possibly due to agglomeration of particles at the surface of SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. There is also a band gap of 2.21 for this composite. To evaluate its boosted visible-light catalytic performance toward hematoxylin (HTX), the experimental design by the RSM was applied by examining experimental variables, including the SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD dosage, the CTX concentration, the duration of light illumination, and temperature. Accordingly, ANOVA analysis was performed to confirm the model goodness and the significance of the variables selected. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant of the photocatalytic process was about 0.042 min⁻¹. Based on the results of the scavenging experiments, superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes are more vital reactive species in HTX photodegradation. The ternary photocatalyst showed good stability after four reusing runs. The highly effective and sustainable approach for the dye removal from water, and some insights about the structural features and probable practical uses of a novel catalyst are introduced here, which proves the critical potential of the novel photocatalyst composite and broadening the scope of visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the possibility of achieving high solar fractions for space heating in temperate climates","authors":"Krzysztof Kupiec,&nbsp;Sebastian Pater","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper considers solar space heating in a temperate climate. An algorithm was developed to determine the daily average temperatures and heat fluxes. The calculation algorithm was based on the concept of solar utilizability. The influence of various process parameters on heating performance was studied: the area of the solar collectors, the volume of the storage tank, the angle of inclination of the collectors and the maximum temperature of the tank water. Special attention was paid to the discharge of excess heat from the tank outside the considered system during the summer. It was found that this process does not deteriorate the efficiency of building heating, characterized by the solar fraction parameter, because lowering the tank water temperature intensifies heat transfer in the collectors and reduces heat loss from the tank to the ground. Changing the collector inclination angle from 40° to 90° with a surface area exceeding 20 m² can reduce the size of the tank almost by half if the maximum water temperature in the tank is below 90 °C. It was also found that when heating rooms in temperate climates, it is possible to achieve full coverage of heat demand by solar energy. The results of own calculations and those obtained from the TRNSYS application were compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 113789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}