Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"A review of flattened linear Fresnel micro-concentrator on building façade: demands, theories and perspectives","authors":"Zongxian Duan,&nbsp;Wei An","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flattened linear Fresnel micro-concentrators represent a novel type of solar energy device. Their compact design and minimal wind loading make them highly suitable for solar energy collection on building facades. Additionally, their flexible deployment strategies further enhance their adaptability. As a result, they significantly expand the application scope of linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) technology. Mainstream research on linear Fresnel reflectors may not currently focus specifically on micro-concentrators. However, the underlying theories, methods, and techniques can be readily applied to the field of flattened linear Fresnel micro-concentrators. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, including theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and technological advancements. The paper starts by explaining the principles of non-imaging optics, emphasizing their crucial role in the design of micro-concentrators. Next, the paper provides an overview of popular methods and techniques in LFR research from the perspective of non-imaging optics theory, and their implications for flattened LFRs. The paper also evaluates the applicability and potential limitations of these methods and techniques when applied to the study of flattened micro-concentrators. Moreover, this paper summarizes some innovative LFR concentrator designs, including Elevated LFR, Bi-focal LFR, and Off-axis LFR. These designs make appropriate sacrifices in terms of complexity but achieve higher efficiency compared to conventional LFR designs. These design concepts contribute to the development of flattened micro-concentrators, with some Bi-focal designs already achieving initial low profile and Off-axis LFR achieving initial flattened profile. Additionally, the paper highlights several receiver designs that are particularly well-suited for application in flattened LFR micro-concentrators. In summary, this paper systematically introduces the theories and technologies related to the development of flattened LFR micro-concentrators. The goal is to highlight the non-imaging optical principles behind these theories and technologies and their role in inspiring the development of flattened LFR devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From HTL to HTL-free: Experimental and numerically modelled performance dynamics of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells","authors":"Abhishek Srivastava,&nbsp;Manas Kasliwal,&nbsp;Parasharam M. Shirage","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For addressing the global energy crisis, this experimental and numerical study investigates HTL-free Cs₂AgBiBr₆ (CABB) double perovskite solar cells (DPSCs), highlighting their lead-free, non-toxic, and thermally stable properties. The FTO/TiO₂/CABB/Carbon-structured DPSCs showed &gt;95 % PCE retention (1.63 % to 1.57 %) after 200 h. The underlying charge transport dynamics reveal a high R_Rec (1625  Ω), long τ_e (0.226  s), and efficient η_cce (89.65 %). Additionally, the estimated L_n (3.86  µm) and D_eff (27.33  µm²/s) support the observed retention in device performance, confirming that interfacial stability and minimal charge recombination govern the long-term durability of the HTL-free DPSCs. However, the low photovoltaic (PV) performance (J_SC = 9.41 mA/cm², V_OC = 456.13 mV, FF = 0.38, and PCE = 1.63 %) is concerning for the futuristic technological development. Therefore, numerical simulations for optimizing the HTL and HTL-free DPSCs consisting of four different ETLs (TiO₂, SnO₂, WO₃, and ZnO) were conducted using SCAPS-1D, revealing ZnO as the optimal ETL for both HTL and HTL-free DPSCs. For HTL-DPSCs, ZnO achieved the highest performance (PCE: 27.30 %, J_SC: 23.83 mA/cm², V_OC: 1.29 V, FF: 0.89), followed by TiO₂ (25.48 %), WO₃ (25.42 %), and SnO₂ (22.63 %). Additionally, the HTL-free DPSCs showed overall ∼4 % reduced efficiency due to higher interfacial recombination and limited charge extraction, with ZnO again leading (PCE: 23.09 %, J_SC: 23.80 mA/cm², V_OC: 1.15 V, FF: 0.85). This study highlights the optimization strategy that could bridge the simulation-experiment performance gap, positioning CABB as a leading lead-free double perovskite material for efficient and sustainable PV solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113733"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning forecasts of short wave radiation from geostationary satellite measurements to optimize solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power systems","authors":"Hongyu Wu ,&nbsp;Chengxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingkai Xue ,&nbsp;Xinhan Niu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Gang Pei ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global energy transition and sustainable development, accurate short wave radiation (SWR) forecasting is increasingly vital for enhancing the efficiency and economic viability of solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. This study presents an innovative machine-learning forecasting model of SWR within the next hour, using multi-band shortwave solar radiation measurements from the geostationary satellite. The model is based on a cloud cover-weighted hybrid model combining the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) and Fourier neural operator (FNO) models. During testing, the optimized hybrid model performed better than ERA5 data, reducing the prediction error by 24.14%, the average absolute error by 38.62%, and improving the R² value by 6.4%. In the prediction area (longitude 104–110°, latitude 35–40°), the prediction accuracy in barren and sparsely vegetated areas was 8.13% higher compared to grasslands, indicating future potential for further enhancement through optimized solar power plant site selection. The improved model can reduce power generation losses by 0.067 USD/m² in PV systems through real-time grid regulation and other strategies, and can also prevent daily energy losses of 13.97 kWh/m² in concentrated solar power systems by timely adjusting the heliostats and receiver measures. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways sustainable development scenario (SSP1-2.6), by 2100, the adoption of the hybrid SWR forecasting model is expected to increase power generation by 895.47 TWh compared to the original plan. The proposed hybrid forecasting model significantly improves solar radiation forecast accuracy, enhancing the future development of solar power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113718"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring degradation mechanisms in CZTSSe solar cells for harsh environmental conditions","authors":"Mohammad Istiaque Hossain ,&nbsp;Yoganash Putthisigamany ,&nbsp;Atef Zekri ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Tong ,&nbsp;Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan ,&nbsp;Brahim Aissa","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Selenide (CZTSSe) solar cells have emerged as a promising alternative to established photovoltaic technologies due to their use of earth-abundant, non-toxic materials and potential for cost-effective manufacturing. However, understanding the operational and long-term stability of CZTSSE solar cells is crucial for their commercialization, particularly under harsh environmental conditions. Stability studies on CZTSSe solar cells often lack standardization and long-term data, which hampers the effective understanding of degradation mechanisms. Our research focuses on examining the aging effects in CZTSSe solar cells over an extended period of three months to identify key degradation pathways. Solar cell devices with a structure of Glass/Mo/CZTSSe/CdS/i-ZnO/ITO/metal contact were fabricated. Samples were exposed to outdoor testing facility in Qatar for three months to understand the degradation pathway. As found, no degradation was observed within the absorber layer whereas a gradual decomposition of the buffer layer has been identified, as confirmed by XPS, TEM and ToF-SIMS analyses. These findings provide valuable insights into the degradation mechanisms of CZTSSe solar cells and highlight the importance of addressing stability challenges for long-term deployment, especially in harsh environments. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for optimized materials and device structures to enhance the longevity and commercial viability of CZTSSe solar cell technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approaches for automatic defect detection in photovoltaic systems","authors":"Swayam Rajat Mohanty ,&nbsp;Moin Uddin Maruf ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Singh ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are prone to damage during manufacturing, installation, and operation which reduces their power conversion efficiency. This loss diminishes their positive environmental impact over the lifecycle. Continuous monitoring of PV modules during operation via images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles is essential to ensure prompt repair or replacement of defective panels to maintain high efficiencies. Coupled with computer vision techniques, this approach provides an automatic, non-destructive, and cost-effective tool for monitoring defects in PV plants. We review the current landscape of deep learning-based computer vision techniques used for detecting defects in solar modules. We compare and evaluate the existing deep learning approaches at different levels, namely the type of images, data collection and processing method, deep learning architectures employed, and model interpretability. Most approaches involve the use of convolutional neural networks with data augmentation or generative adversarial network-based techniques to enhance dataset size. We evaluate the deep learning approaches through techniques aimed at determining their interpretability, which reveals that the model focuses on the darker regions of the image to perform the classification. This exercise points out clear gaps in the existing approaches while laying the groundwork for mitigating these challenges when building new models. Finally, we conclude with the relevant research gaps that need to be addressed and approaches for progress in this field: integrating weather data and geometric deep learning with existing approaches for robustness and reliability; leveraging physics-based neural networks to build more domain-aware deep learning models; and incorporating interpretability for building trustworthy models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local temperature and humidity aware prediction of degradation, lifetime, and long-term yield of mono- and bifacial floating photovoltaic systems","authors":"Noor Mohammed Naushad ,&nbsp;Golam Rabbani Rimon ,&nbsp;M. Ryyan Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floating photovoltaics (FPV) can lower the stress on valuable land for many localities. Additionally, it shows lowered soiling, suppressed water evaporation, and better performance under the cooler conditions. While previous studies have examined short-term performance, in this paper, we analyze the reliability and degradation-aware long-term performance of FPVs. We focus on corrosion as the primary degradation mode since humidity is higher over waterbodies. We present an FPV analysis framework of physics-based temperature and humidity dependent degradation coupled with a PV-yield simulator. Our study predicts the degradation, lifetime, and 25-year yield of both mono- and bifacial FPV systems along with their sensitivity to temperature and relative humidity (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>) over waterbodies. We assess these results over diverse weather and geographic conditions of Singapore, Las Coloradas (Mexico), Telangana (India), and Queensland (Australia). Even with 10% higher <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> over water bodies, mono/bifacial FPVs will have better lifetime and long-term yield compared to land-based photovoltaic (LPV) systems with just <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> lowered temperatures. Especially in the hot, humid, and bright conditions of Las Coloradas and Queensland, if conditions are 5 °C cooler over water, the FPVs show <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>4</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> gain in 25-year output compared to LPVs. Overall, this study reinforces the necessity of long-term performance evaluation of FPVs and provides an analysis framework laying the groundwork for future research and large-scale deployment in diverse climatic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, efficiency loss analysis, and simulation-based optimization of semi-transparent perovskite solar cell modules for photovoltaic windows","authors":"Yuqi Huang ,&nbsp;Chao Shen ,&nbsp;Chunguang Cai ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongqi Liang ,&nbsp;Soteris A. Kalogirou ,&nbsp;Julian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgent demand for carbon neutrality in buildings has propelled semi-transparent photovoltaic windows to become a pivotal component of Building Integrated Photovoltaics technology. Despite the unique advantages of perovskite materials, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and solution processability, their practical application is hindered by significant efficiency degradation during large-area fabrication. This study proposes a multi-scale collaborative manufacturing strategy, integrating air-knife blade coating, magnetron sputtering, and pulsed laser etching, to successfully fabricate a 25 cm² semi-transparent perovskite solar cell module (ST-PSCM). The module achieves a 27.2 % average visible light transmittance (AVT), a 2.44 % power conversion efficiency (PCE), and a color rendering index of 82, meeting the functional requirements for building applications. Through a circuit quantification model that incorporates radiative recombination, non-radiative recombination, and resistive losses, the study identifies bulk recombination (65.17 %) and series resistance losses (29.53 %) as the primary mechanisms of efficiency loss. Furthermore, leveraging the Solar Design optoelectronic coupling simulation platform, the temperature and light intensity response characteristics of the ST-PSCM were systematically analyzed. Through a layer-by-layer optimization of thicknesses of each functional layer, the module achieved a PCE of 2.80 % at 38.3 % AVT. This study provides a scalable manufacturing approach for the large-scale application of semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic windows, offering significant practical value for advancing the development of near-zero energy building technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113721"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic module Recycling: A review on material recovery methods and waste management approach","authors":"Hirock Jyoti Das,&nbsp;Nabin Sarmah","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven a massive rise in the installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) modules. This, in turn, will generate a substantial volume of waste modules, leading to significant environmental concerns due to electronic waste from end-of-life (EOL) PV modules. This review provides an updated analysis of the global surge in PV infrastructure, investment and forecasts of PV waste generation. It is predicted that the EOL PV modules can generate a waste of amounting 60–78 million tonnes by 2050. This study also presents a comprehensive overview of recent research findings on PV module recycling, including material recovery efficiencies and advancements in recycling technologies. Various recycling methods, such as delamination, thermal, chemical, and mechanical disassembly, are analysed along with their advantages and issues. It has been observed that various methods reported so far can recover 60–95% of the targeted material. Circular economy models have shown potential in reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable waste management. Additionally, challenges such as hazardous emissions, economic viability, and regulatory gaps are highlighted. This review underscores the urgent need for sustainable and efficient recycling technologies and regulatory frameworks to manage the growing volume of PV waste effectively. Future research directions are also identified, emphasizing innovations in material recovery and improved policy measures for robust PV waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart monitoring of potential induced leakage current of photovoltaic under salt mist environment based on passive optical Fabry–Perot interference sensor","authors":"Yingdun Ye ,&nbsp;Weihang Deng ,&nbsp;Zifan Ye ,&nbsp;Fouad Belhora ,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leakage current accelerates the aging of the modules and affects the long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) system, which may be exacerbated in salt spray environments. Existing monitoring technologies for leakage current ranging from shunt resistors and hall current sensors offer useful capabilities, but may suffer from limitations in offshore PV applications such as weak anti-electromagnetic interference and unable to passive monitoring. Here, an optical fiber leakage current sensor based on the principle of Fabry-Perot (F‐P) interference is proposed in this article for real-time monitoring of leakage current of PV modules. The sensor exhibits an excellent linearity of 0.994 and a sensitivity of 408.33 pm/kV. The results show that the sensor has the merits of high linearity, passive monitoring, and anti‐electromagnetic interference. Meanwhile, the leakage current behavior of different salt concentrations in high voltage bias experiment was explored by using the sensor. This study represents a preliminary exploration of leakage current monitoring in marine environments, providing basic research data for early monitoring of PV modules degradation and enhanced protection design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and performance testing for hollow slab with micro photovoltaic array of solar pavement","authors":"Xudong Zha,&nbsp;Chao Niu,&nbsp;Hengwu Hu,&nbsp;Ruidong Lv,&nbsp;Mengxuan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar pavement incorporates a photovoltaic power generation system into road engineering, playing a crucial role in advancing energy conservation, emission reduction, carbon neutrality, and sustainable energy development within the transportation sector. In order to enhance the power output of the hollow slab structure of solar pavement and improve its convenience of slab preparation and paving, a three-layer integrated hollow slab structure was developed. The numerical simulation of a three-dimensional finite element and the single-factor sensitivity analysis of its mechanical response were carried out. The slab size of the hollow slab structure was optimized and determined. Subsequently, the corresponding scale and full-scale models were prepared. The mechanical properties of the scale model and the indoor and outdoor power generation efficiencies of the full-scale model were evaluated, and the cost-benefit analysis was conducted. The results indicate that the optimized dimensions for the micro photovoltaic array-integrated hollow slab solar pavement (MPV-HSSP) are as follows: slab length of 800 mm, slab width of 800 mm, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate thickness of the surface layer at 10 mm, cavity height of 40 mm, and partition plate thickness of 5 mm. The thickness of glass fiber-reinforced plastic is 10 mm for the load-bearing structure of cement concrete pavements and 18 mm for asphalt pavements. The MPV-HSSP structure exhibits excellent mechanical properties, and the measured annual power generation in the Changsha region was 61.48 kWh per panel. In areas with abundant photovoltaic resources (Hami), the levelized cost of electricity is 0.54 CNY/kWh, and the corresponding payback period is 7.38 years, offering a favorable cost-benefit ratio and effectively reducing CO₂ emissions by 1,560.73 kg/m² throughout the entire life cycle. Therefore, the MPV-HSSP offers a feasible approach for integrating transportation energy technology, which can effectively promote the efficient utilization of pavement solar energy and ensure road energy self-consistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}