Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Heat losses in directly buried solar heat collection networks in high-altitude regions","authors":"Hongsen Chen ,&nbsp;Baichao Wang ,&nbsp;Cong Song ,&nbsp;Dengjia Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the fluctuations in the medium temperature, the solar collector system (SCS) based on temperature difference control currently lacks a medium temperature value for accurately calculating the operational heat loss of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. This research proposed a method for calculating heat loss utilizing an equivalent medium temperature (EMT). Initially, a computational model is established for assessing the heat loss of directly buried solar collector pipelines in Xizang plateau. Based on the primary factors influencing heat loss, the study investigated the temperature drop and operational heat loss patterns of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. The ranges of regional equivalent medium temperature (REMT) and condition equivalent medium temperature (CEMT) were optimized using the gradient descent algorithm and heat loss calculation theory. The variations of REMT and CEMT with different regions and key heat loss factors were analyzed, and a CEMT association model was obtained. The EMT is highest in Lhasa and lowest in Gar, related to the ambient temperature for heating design and collector field operation time. For REMT, Lhasa ranges from 50.4 °C to 52.8 °C, and Gar from 31.1 °C to 33.4 °C. CEMT decreases with increasing flow rate coefficient and nominal diameter, ranging in Lhasa from 77.1 °C to 35.5 °C, and in Gar from 54.9 °C to 18.5 °C. The study aims to provide fundamental data and theoretical support for heat loss calculation and designing the insulation thickness of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines in high-altitude regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the Net Zero emission building concept: Integrating photovoltaics and electrical storage for NZEB environmental performance in different energy and climate contexts","authors":"Mohamed Oualid Mghazli ,&nbsp;Myriam Bahrar ,&nbsp;Mouatassim Charai ,&nbsp;Nouzha Lamdouar ,&nbsp;Mohamed El Mankibi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standards are instrumental to drive sustainable construction and climate resilience. However, most analysis focus on the operational phase, overlooking embodied impacts from materials, construction, and end-of-life processes. This study addresses this gap by using a life cycle approach to evaluate NZEB environmental impacts in two contrasting grid and climate contexts. A calibrated building energy simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used to compare three configurations: a base case without renewables, PV integration, and PV with Battery Storage System (BSS) integration.</div><div>The study revealed significant context-specific differences. In Benguerir, PV integration reduced the climate change impact by 31 % (avoiding 2727 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS further reduced it by 51 % (avoiding 4941 Kg.Co2eq/Year), achieving environmental payback in 39 and 26 years, respectively. Conversely, in Lyon, PV integration increased the climate change impact by 20 % (adding 370 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS raised it by 50 % (adding 929 Kg.Co2eq/Year), as the renewable energy generated did not compensate for the embodied impacts. The findings demonstrate that grid context and climatic conditions significantly influence the sustainability performance of the same building, highlighting the importance of context-specific strategies for renewable energy integration and building design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single- and multi-facet variable-focus adaptive-optics heliostats: A review","authors":"Ismail Loghmari,&nbsp;Kypros Milidonis,&nbsp;Wojciech Lipiński,&nbsp;Costas N. Papanicolas","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heliostat field is a critical component in the solar energy harnessing process of concentrated solar thermal (CST) central tower systems, which typically represents approximately 45% of the total capital cost of commercial plants. In commercial CST central tower systems, the heliostat field is composed of thousands of heliostats incorporating precision-engineered mirrors, which direct sunlight towards a central receiver. Typically, the mirrors maintain a fixed geometry, usually of parabolic shape, during the sun-tracking process, which is optimized to maximize the annual optical performance. However, such a design leads to subdaily energy losses stemming from alterations of the mirror geometry and from astigmatism errors. To achieve and maintain peak optical efficiency throughout the day, the adoption of variable-shape heliostats emerges as a promising solution. This review assesses the current state-of-the-art, the challenges, and the emerging trends and future directions for two types of heliostat technologies, the single facet and the multifaceted variable-focus adaptive optics heliostats. Single-facet heliostats have shown promise due to their simplified design and lower costs compared to multifaceted heliostats. However, achieving precise tracking and focusing remains a significant challenge, particularly in large-scale applications. In contrast, multifaceted heliostats provide superior accuracy and optical performance but are associated with increased design and operational complexity. While these technologies are still under development, advancements in design, materials, control systems, and tracking mechanisms highlight promising trends for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling with colour: Passive-Coloured Radiative Coolers for energy-efficient temperature regulation in adverse climatic conditions","authors":"Ioannis Kousis ,&nbsp;Hassan Saeed Khan ,&nbsp;Riccardo Paolini ,&nbsp;James Edric Alan Webb ,&nbsp;Jan Valenta ,&nbsp;Mat Santamouris","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) is a high-performance strategy to mitigate urban overheating by combining high solar reflectance and strong thermal emission, particularly within the Atmospheric Window wavelength range. However, several intrinsic challenges, such as glare, aesthetics, and winter overcooling, limit its widespread application. This study reports on the development and cooling performance of Passive Coloured Radiative Coolers (PCRCs) with a threefold heat-rejection mechanism: moderately high solar reflectance, high infrared emissivity, and sunlight-excited fluorescence. The objective was to create PCRCs with reduced reflectivity to diminish glare and aesthetic concerns, while the incorporation of fluorescence offsets the cooling decrease caused by lower reflectance. The development of PCRCs sought consistent performance throughout the year, reducing the winter heating penalty. Seven PCRCs–Green, Red, Orange, Reddish-orange, and Purple–were developed and tested in two climate zones with unfavourable conditions for radiative cooling: Sydney and Alice Springs, Australia, characterised by high humidity and dust concentrations, respectively. The developed PCRCs consistently maintained lower surface temperatures than their coloured non-fluorescent counterparts and the highly reflective white references. All PCRCs–except purple–outperformed the white reference, maintaining surface temperatures up to 5.4 °C lower in Sydney and 4.0 °C lower in Alice Springs. These findings highlight the potential of PCRCs to reduce urban surface temperatures and cooling energy demand and underline their role in advancing sustainable urban design. By addressing PDRCs’ limitations, PCRCs could facilitate the adoption of radiative cooling technologies in urban environments, supporting energy policy objectives and promoting resilient urban planning strategies aimed at combating climate change and urban overheating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeposition of Sb2Se3 solar cells on ceramic tiles","authors":"Samuel Porcar ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Lahlahi ,&nbsp;Jaime González Cuadra ,&nbsp;Santiago Toca ,&nbsp;Pablo Serna-Gallén ,&nbsp;Diego Fraga ,&nbsp;Tariq Jawhari ,&nbsp;Xavier Alcobe ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Calvo Barrio ,&nbsp;Pedro Vidal-Fuentes ,&nbsp;Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Juan Bautista Carda","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the first reported synthesis of Sb₂Se₃ solar cells deposited on ceramic substrates. A novel low-temperature two-step electroplating method was introduced for fabricating high-quality Sb₂Se₃ thin films, aimed at creating efficient and reproducible solar cells. The films were deposited on Mo-coated ceramic substrates, as well as on glass substrates, addressing challenges such as high surface roughness and potential short-circuiting in ceramics. Detailed characterization of the films included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the solar cells was evaluated through I-V curve analysis, demonstrating that ceramic substrates are a viable alternative to glass substrates. These results represent a significant advancement in integrating Sb₂Se₃ solar cells into building materials, enhancing the potential of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of non-uniform soiling loss in a utility-scale PV plant in India and strategies for enhanced performance through optimal cleaning schedules","authors":"Shoubhik De,&nbsp;Narendra Shiradkar,&nbsp;Anil Kottantharayil","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soiling significantly impacts the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially in regions with heavy dust deposition like India. The issue is exacerbated by spatially non-uniform soiling in utility-scale PV plants, where certain areas of the plant experience higher losses than others, complicating maintenance efforts. In this study, we analysed string-level SCADA data from a 50 M<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> utility-scale PV plant in South India divided into several zones to create detailed soiling maps. Using these maps, we developed both string-optimized and zone-optimized cleaning methodologies. The string-optimized approach utilized four specific cleaning thresholds to help determine the most profitable cleaning areas in each zone, while the zone-optimized approach aimed to streamline cleaning processes, enhance PV plant performance, and resource efficiency. Additionally, unlike previous studies, this analysis accounted for DC cabling losses, further refining the evaluation of soiling impact. The results in-terms of cleaning profit generated were compared with the same made by actual logged cleaning.</div><div>Additionally, we performed a sensitivity analysis by varying solar PV electricity tariffs and cleaning costs to evaluate the economic viability of different cleaning strategies. The analysis indicated that the 85% cleaning threshold is the most economical, particularly as PV electricity prices continue to decline. Our findings suggest that structured cleaning schedules based on soiling data can significantly improve PV plant performance and profitability. This approach can be replicated in similar PV plants to support India’s growing PV sector, ultimately helping the country become a global leader in solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113345"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven models of a solar field used to power membrane distillation systems: A comparison study","authors":"A. Bueso ,&nbsp;J.D. Gil ,&nbsp;G. Zaragoza","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressing issue of water scarcity has led to increased research focussing on enhancing access to fresh water, with sustainable desalination emerging as a prominent solution. The use of solar energy is often proposed because of the geographical coincidence of high solar irradiance and water scarcity. However, the variability of the energy source in a stationary-designed process such as desalination must be addressed, and modelling solar desalination systems is crucial to understanding the dynamics and optimising the performance. Solar thermal energy is cheaper to store than photovoltaic energy, and powers advanced desalination technologies such as membrane distillation (MD) that can reach higher water recovery. This study investigates the application of data-driven modelling techniques to an innovative solar collector field providing heat for a MD system. The novelty of using mirrors in the solar field to boost the thermal power yielded renders the classical first-principles-based models presented in the literature invalid, as they cannot account for the nonlinear impact of mirrors in the solar field performance. This justifies the use of new data-driven techniques, and four modelling methodologies are compared, with the NARX artificial neural network that proves the most effective, with an R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> value of 0.9741 and an RMSE value of 6.3151. The best model is validated by simulation of a solar MD plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113349"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable machine learning insights of power conversion efficiency for hybrid perovskites solar cells","authors":"Yudong Shi ,&nbsp;Jiansen Wen ,&nbsp;Cuilian Wen ,&nbsp;Linqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Bo Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Qiu ,&nbsp;Baisheng Sa","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) solar cells have presented broad application prospects in the photovoltaic field due to their high energy conversion efficiency, ease of preparation, and low production costs. With the flourishing development of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) has been recently used for novel HOIP designs. However, the practical application of ML models for the designing of HOIPs is hampered mainly due to the lack of interpretability. Herein, a data-driven interpretable ML approach is introduced to distill the universal simple descriptors for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of HOIPs-based solar cells. It is highlighted that two descriptors consist of easily obtained parameters are proposed to accurately predict PCE, which are superior to the commonly used descriptor band gap (<em>E</em>_g). Remarkably, universal criterions for the high-throughput screening of HOIPs are proposed to accelerate the screening of HOIPs-based solar cells with high PCE performance. This work paves the way toward rapid and precise screening of efficient HOIPs-based solar cells using a data-driven interpretable ML approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113373"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory experimental analysis of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module degradation after operating over 6 years: A case study in Ghana","authors":"Qingfa MENG ,&nbsp;Honglie SHEN ,&nbsp;Jinjie ZHENG ,&nbsp;Xuemei LI","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper systematically analyzes and evaluates the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules after six years of outdoor exposure in Winneba, Ghana, under a hot and humid climate. Unlike conventional field tests, all data were obtained through rigorous laboratory testing conducted on the PV modules and their materials in accordance with IEC 61215 standards to investigate the causes of power degradation. The results indicated an average power degradation of 35.36 %, equivalent to an annual degradation rate of 5.89 %. Although most modules met the wet insulation test criteria specified by IEC 61215, they exhibited potential safety risks for future field operations due to wet insulation values approaching the standard threshold of 24.5 MΩ. The primary cause of power degradation was identified as potential-induced degradation (PID), with modules experiencing power losses of 44.60 % and 99.57 % under PID testing with a 1000 V negative voltage stress. Electroluminescence (EL) images showing dark edges provided strong evidence supporting the presence of PID. Additionally, poor peel strength test results suggested a risk of delamination, which could be attributed to ion migration during the PID process. Four out of five tested module gel contents were comparable to those of typical unexposed ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA), and two modules still met the standard requirements even after exposure to damp heat (DH1000), indicating that EVA degradation may not be the primary cause of power loss. The water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of the module backsheets, after six years of outdoor exposure, continued to meet the requirements of the Chinese National Standard, further suggesting that moisture ingress may not be a significant contributor to power degradation. This study represents a valuable effort to assess the long-term performance of field-exposed PV modules using accelerated aging tests conducted according to IEC 61215 standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar irradiance separation with deep learning: An interpretable multi-task and physically constrained model based on individual–interactive features","authors":"Mengmeng Song ,&nbsp;Dazhi Yang ,&nbsp;Bai Liu ,&nbsp;Disong Fu ,&nbsp;Hongrong Shi ,&nbsp;Xiang’ao Xia ,&nbsp;Martin János Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an essential part of solar forecasting and resource assessment, separation modeling has received widespread attention over the past half a century. Despite the numerous proposals thus far, most models are semi-empirical in nature, with limited accuracy. The other option, namely, machine-learning models, does not show a definitive advantage and usually lacks comparisons with the latest quasi-universal model. This study proposes an interpretable multi-task and physically constrained separation model based on individual–interactive features (IIF-IMCSM). The model has three blocks: (1) an informative predictor identification block, (2) an individual–interactive feature extraction block, and (3) a physically constrained irradiance component estimation block, each carrying some modeling innovations. Differing from other separation models, IIF-IMCSM simultaneously produces estimates for both the beam and diffuse components that satisfy the closure equation, and it overcomes the common drawback of lacking interpretability of machine-learning models. Based on five comprehensive datasets covering diverse radiation regimes of the globe, it is found that the overall normalized root mean square errors of IIF-IMCSM for beam normal irradiance and diffuse horizontal irradiance are 12.51% and 24.50%, as compared to 16.32%, 34.86%, and 13.47%, 26.56% for the top-performing semi-empirical and machine-learning models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113353"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}