Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Tuning the photovoltaic parameters of ZnII porphyrin-based hole-transport materials by donor substitution strategy","authors":"Xueling Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Minmin Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Song ,&nbsp;Yuanzuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We used quantum chemical methods to conduct theoretical studies on the promising experimental HTM molecule MDA4 (Zn^II porphyrin ring as the core and diarylamine as the donor) and molecules designed based on this molecule by substitution with donor groups (named MDA4-Z1, MDA4-Z2, and MDA4-Z3), including geometric structure, electronic properties, excited state properties, and hole mobility, etc. The research results indicate that the designed molecules all have excellent light absorption properties, which is beneficial for increasing the short-circuit current density of the molecule. These molecules also have good charge transfer performance. The maximum absorption peak wavelengths of the designed molecules are all blue-shifted compared to the experimental molecule MDA4. The solubility of molecules MDA4-Z1 and MDA4-Z3 are similar to those of experimental molecules MDA4. The hole mobility of all designed molecules has been significantly improved compared to the experimental molecule MDA4, with MDA4-Z3 having the highest hole mobility. It is worth noting that MDA4-Z3 exhibits the best comprehensive performance among numerous designed molecules, which makes it a potential ideal HTM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model for predicting photovoltaic module key voltage parameters incorporating the temperature difference between the module and ambient","authors":"Gaige Chen ,&nbsp;Yugang Cao ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Youqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianguang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to controlled laboratory conditions, the electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under real operating conditions is influenced by the nonlinear effects of dynamic environmental factors. Improving voltage parameter accuracy, especially Maximum Power Point Voltage (V_mp), is crucial for efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and overall system performance. Traditional models that rely solely on module temperature and irradiance fail to adequately capture outdoor climate variations. This paper proposes an analytical Model for predicting voltage parameters based on the temperature difference between the module and ambient(ΔT), considering their interaction. First, the strong nonlinear correlation between ΔT and voltage parameters was determined using correlation analysis methods such as the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC). Then, ΔT was quantified and integrated into the traditional conversion formula. Finally, the formula coefficients were identified using the levenberg–marquardt (L-M) method with limited historical data. The proposed model was validated using data from nine PV module groups with six technologies under various climates from two public datasets. Results show that incorporating the ΔT formula improves prediction accuracy and environmental adaptability of traditional model. The RMSE for Open Circuit Voltage (V_oc) decreased by 0.1050 to 0.6389 V and for V_mp by 0.1004 to 1.2484 V, with the reduction in error being more especially significant under high-temperature conditions above 40 ℃. The identified coefficients show good stability and consistency. Furthermore, predictions for the same PV modules deployed under different climate conditions validated the model’s good generalization ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A zero-carbon integrated energy system energized by CSP + PV: A real case of isolated grid","authors":"Xiaoyu Zeng,&nbsp;Haipeng Xie,&nbsp;Xuri Chen,&nbsp;Qi Cao,&nbsp;Zhaohong Bie","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of concentrated solar power (CSP) system and photovoltaic (PV) can extend the dispatchability of solar energy while contributing to carbon neutrality goals. This paper investigates a real case of zero-carbon integrated energy system energized entirely by solar energy, incorporating CSP, PV, thermal energy storage (TES), and batteries. The system utilizes an extraction condensing steam turbine with flexible heat-to-power ratio as CSP power block, complemented by a segregated steam generation system (S-SGS) enabling direct thermal production from TES, to reduce coupling between electrical and thermal outputs. Based on the case, comprehensive techno-economic analysis through annual hourly production simulation demonstrates that the hybrid system achieves continuous 24-hour operation and meets a 91.17% annual production rate with a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.121 USD/kWh, representing 2.4% and 4 % reduction compared to the system operating without S-SGS and in separate heat and power production modes, respectively. For reliability enhancement, our analysis reveals that a thermal storage duration to solar multiple ratio of 5.5–5.8 enables the most economically efficient reliability improvements. This optimization allows the system to achieve a 99% annual production rate at an LCOE of 0.172 USD/kWh. However, attaining reliability levels comparable to conventional urban power grids would necessitate prohibitively expensive investments despite significant technological advances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar energy generation in three dimensions: The hexagonal pyramid","authors":"Bárbara Pisoni Bender Andrade ,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Bender Andrade ,&nbsp;Daniel Pacheco Lacerda ,&nbsp;Fabio Antonio Sartori Piran","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) panels serve as a standard solution for the collection of solar energy. The flat photovoltaic solar plate design has been the most adopted by the market for its ease of installation. However, this design faces limitations due to geometric constraints and the sun’s trajectory through the day. Inspiration was drawn from nature to overcome these limitations by utilizing the tridimensional hexagonal shape observed in honeycomb structures. The used approach aimed to explore a novel design that can reduce the constraints of flat PV panels while maximizing energy output. The unique 3D arrangement of the hexagonal pyramid enables the installation of mirrors inside to ease the reflection of photons and to increase energy production compared to flat panels. Furthermore, this design presents an opportunity to incorporate a water capture and heating system, thereby increasing the system’s overall usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems: Innovative cooling technique, thermal management, and future prospects","authors":"Hussein Togun ,&nbsp;Ali Basem ,&nbsp;Abdul Amir H. Kadhum ,&nbsp;Azher M. Abed ,&nbsp;Nirmalendu Biswas ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Radhi Abdullah Lawag ,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Hayder I. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems serve a dual purpose by simultaneously generating electricity and thermal energy from solar radiation. However, their efficiency is hindered by excessive heat accumulation, reducing overall performance. This review explores advanced cooling strategies aimed at enhancing PV/T efficiency, encompassing both passive and active methods. Various techniques (such as air and liquid cooling, phase change materials (PCM), heat pipes, and hybrid approaches) are analyzed for their effectiveness in thermal regulation and energy optimization. The study delves into PV/T system fundamentals, thermal characteristics, and strategies for improving performance. It highlights recent advancements in hybrid cooling technologies, including the integration of nanofluids, fins, and PCM, and assesses their impact on system efficiency. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of life-cycle costs, feasibility, and existing challenges is provided, along with future perspectives on optimizing PV/T systems. By consolidating the latest innovations in PV/T cooling, this review offers valuable insights into strategies for improving system efficiency and expanding applications in sustainable energy. It highlights the importance of continued research and development to enhance performance and reduce costs, facilitating broader adoption of PV/T technology for global energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle mechanics and mixture homogeneity in a demonstration reactor system for the indirect reduction of redox particles","authors":"Sebastian Richter ,&nbsp;Johannes Grobbel ,&nbsp;Stefan Brendelberger ,&nbsp;Martin Roeb ,&nbsp;Christian Sattler","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many studies on two-step solar-thermochemical redox cycles for fuel production consider a combined receiver–reactor to perform the concurrent sub-processes of radiation absorption and reaction, which implies process limitations and increased technical complexity. Designed to circumvent this, an indirect concept uses an inert <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> particle cycle absorbing heat in a receiver and transferring it to the particulate <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SrFeO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>δ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> redox material in a common reactor. This Particle Mix Reactor (PMR) has been experimentally demonstrated and is investigated here in terms of particle mechanics by both measurement and simulation. With a newly developed tool for experimental particle bed segmentation, the spatial distribution of mixture homogeneity could be determined. DEM simulations – beneficial for the representation of dissimilar particle types – require mechanical contact parameters, that were obtained via an adapted systematic calibration procedure. <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SrFeO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>δ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> particles clearly differ in their results for similar collisions, especially concerning the rolling friction coefficient and the coefficient of restitution. Experimental results were reproducible, and no effect of temperature on mixture homogeneity could be identified. A significant improvement potential of mixture quality was revealed, with <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SrFeO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>δ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> particle mass ratios of about 3.5 for the upmost bed layer and of about 0.5 for the lower ones. Simulation results are satisfactorily consistent with experimental results, both qualitatively for particle motion, and for mixture homogeneity at a mean deviation of 26%. This makes the simulation model valid for further design and optimization purposes and facilitates the subsequent analysis of simulated temperature results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying kinetics, mathematical modelling and colour analysis of an indirect solar dryer with latent heat storage unit for cucumber drying","authors":"S. Madhankumar ,&nbsp;D. Arunkumar ,&nbsp;Ch Mohan Sumanth ,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;M.N.V.S.A. Sivaram Kotha ,&nbsp;L. Feroz Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial drying sector predominantly relies on fossil fuels and electricity to generate hot air for food drying applications, it leads to climate change. As an alternative, solar energy has emerged for producing hot air. This study focuses on developing an Indirect Solar Dryer (ISD) system equipped with a Corrugated Absorber-plate Solar Collector (CASC) integrated with a Lauric acid-filled Latent Heat Storage (LHS) unit to enhance the effectiveness of the food dehydration process. The drying kinetics of cucumber slices were investigated using Open Sun Drying (OSD) and the ISD system with two distinct solar collector configurations: CASC without LHS unit (System 1) and CASC with LHS unit (System 2) under spring and summer conditions. ISD System 2 during the summer season demonstrated superior performance, reducing cucumber moisture content 10.78 % in 12 h, while OSD took 17 h. Mathematical modelling using twelve different drying kinetics models were conducted to predict the drying behaviours. The results showed that the Midilli and Kucuk model provided predictions with high accuracy for all ISD systems with R² value of &gt;99.5 %. The colour properties of cucumber were also assessed, with ISD system 2 during summer season resulting in minimal colour variation of 6.38, compared to other systems, which had colour parameters of 48.1 Lightness, −19.9 for intensity in red-green, and 21.3 for intensity in blue-yellow. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the effectiveness of the proposed ISD system 2 in dehydrating food items, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitable transition temperature on thermo-adaptive reflectance for opaque facades: Influence of climate, solar orientation, and facade material","authors":"Rita Andrade Santos ,&nbsp;Nuno Vieira Simões ,&nbsp;José Dinis Silvestre ,&nbsp;Inês Flores-Colen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermo-adaptive reflectance (TAR) opaque facades change their solar reflectance in response to temperature variations. This behaviour can be optimised to improve indoor thermal comfort by tailoring the transition temperature (TT), i.e., the temperature in which the solar reflectance changes. The study aims to identify which factors influence the suitable transition temperature (STT), i.e., the transition temperature<!--> <!-->that enables achieving the lowest total degree hour, and the magnitude of the benefits of applying TAR concept to opaque facades. A 3D model was created to assess indoor thermal comfort by running dynamic thermal simulations. Resorting to the energy management system, the solar reflectance variation based on the external face’s temperature was possible, enabling thermo-adaptive reflectance emulation. A parametric study was conducted, considering three solar orientations, four density facade categories and four different climates. For each scenario, the STT for TAR on opaque facades was determined by considering the lowest total degree hour. Two multiple regression models were generated using the sample comprising the case studies in which the most STT was used. The entities (case studies) were characterized by variables covering the climate, facade solar orientation, material, and comfort subjects. The analysis identified climate as the primary influencing factor on the STT, followed by facade material and solar orientation. The impact of TAR on the relative total degree hours improvement was significantly influenced by the facade material, followed by climate. Concluding that TT prescription is mandatory for each facade, even within the same building, and that TAR concept application is not universal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of random microstructure of the film surface on daytime radiative cooling performance","authors":"Jingjing Li,&nbsp;Ruixiang Wang,&nbsp;Meibo Xing,&nbsp;Rongkai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling film has been widely concerned due to its green energy-saving, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly features. Its surface morphology greatly influences radiative cooling performance. However, traditional morphology designs are cumbersome and costly to prepare limiting the widespread application. In this study, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) radiative cooling film with random microstructure surfaces was investigated experimentally and numerically. The simulation results show that the optical properties of the film surface are optimized when the random microstructure root mean square (RMS) roughness is 3 μm and the correlation length (CL) is 6 μm. Moreover, radiative cooling films with random microstructure surfaces were prepared by simple template reprinting with different roughness, and their effectiveness on silicon solar cell cooling was verified by indoor or outdoor experiments. Specifically, the film surface was selected for subsequent radiative cooling experiments by polishing the substrate and reprinting the random microstructure with 500 mesh sandpaper. The results demonstrated that the random microstructure of the film surface was capable of cooling the bare silicon solar cell by 6.6℃ and increasing the power generation efficiency by 44 % under the standard solar light in indoor experiments. For outdoor experiments, a cooling of 2.40 °C has been demonstrated. Moreover, the random microstructure of the film surface displays the potential for cooling another material, including copper, aluminum and glass. Under sunny weather, temperature reductions of 2.12, 2.28, and 0.18 °C were observed, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation analysis of cooling load from envelopes under air-conditioning intermittent operation","authors":"Yifan Guan,&nbsp;Chenxi Hu,&nbsp;Xi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-conditioning intermittent operation is commonly employed in office buildings due to occupancy regulations. However, existing research on intermittent operation has mainly focused on individual walls or rooms, with limited investigation into cooling load formation from a whole-building perspective, which is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency in both interior and exterior envelopes. Therefore, this study constructed three representative office buildings and conducted numerical simulation to analyze the formation of cooling load within these buildings. The results demonstrated that optimizing the envelope while considering air-conditioning intermittent operation could significantly reduce the cooling load of the building, including the cooling load of the exterior wall, interior wall and floor slab by 25.57 %, 17.92 %–30.81 % and 58.85 %, respectively. The cooling load of the three office buildings studied can be reduced by 31.98 %–35.11 %, with interior walls and floor slabs contributing up to 82.28 %–89.53 %. This study provides valuable insights into future building design and energy-efficient retrofitting of existing buildings and identifies substantial energy-saving potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}