Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Zinc oxide nanostructures for third generation solar cells: A comprehensive review","authors":"Olavo Cardozo ,&nbsp;Ricardo Maia-Junior ,&nbsp;Sajid Farooq ,&nbsp;Braulio Tostes ,&nbsp;Andreas Stingl ,&nbsp;Patricia Farias ,&nbsp;Severino Alves Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As early as the 19th century, Svante Arrhenius established a correlation between rising CO₂ levels in atmosphere and increasing global surface temperatures. When Arrhenius published his work, he estimated an atmospheric CO₂ concentration of 300 ppm (Arrhenius, 1896). By the 1950s and 1960s, sensor measurements indicated a concentration of approximately 320 ppm (Keeling, 1960). Today, atmospheric CO₂ levels exceed 420 ppm. A significant portion of CO₂ emissions results from the combustion of fossil fuels. At every moment, the Earth’s surface is irradiated with approximately 170,000 terawatts (TW) from the Sun. This level of solar irradiance is significantly higher than what humanity requires to meet its energy demands. Photovoltaic solar energy, generated by photovoltaic devices that convert electromagnetic radiation from the sun in electricity, is considered a clean energy source capable of meeting society’s growing energy demands without emitting greenhouse gases. In this context, emerging photovoltaic technologies, or third-generation solar cells, have gained considerable attention due to their advancements towards large-scale implementation. A major advantage of third-generation solar cells, such as organic and perovskite solar cells, is the possibility to be fabricated with significantly less complex structures compared to conventional silicon-based cells. Nanostructures have been incorporated into these cells to enhance their efficiency and lifetime through optical, chemical and electronic mechanisms. This study aims to review the application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures – widely used in third-generation photovoltaic devices – and elucidate the mechanisms through which these nanostructures can improve the performance of third-generation solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central receiver-based CSP plants Part 2: Components categorization and future prospects","authors":"Brenda Hernández ,&nbsp;Nicolas Lopez Ferber ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdullah ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mayyas ,&nbsp;Nicolas Calvet ,&nbsp;Matteo Chiesa","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive historical and technological categorization of the key components in central receiver-based concentrating solar power (CR-CSP) systems. It examines the evolution of heliostat fields, receivers, heat transfer fluids (HTFs), thermal energy storage (TES), and power blocks across operational, under-construction, and demonstration projects. Using a dual-stream methodology that integrates peer-reviewed literature with real-world project data, the paper identifies critical design transitions, material choices, and deployment trends that have shaped the current state of CR-CSP technology. The analysis highlights how high-temperature receiver configurations, emerging TES strategies, and alternative HTFs are enabling greater dispatchability and hybrid integration. Two future deployment scenarios are proposed: (1) the co-location of CR-CSP with low-cost renewable sources to leverage TES for grid stability, and (2) the use of CR-CSP for direct industrial heat applications, bypassing conversion losses. These findings provide strategic guidance for researchers, developers, and policymakers aiming to advance the technical and economic feasibility of CR-CSP systems in the global energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High open-circuit voltage in wide-bandgap bromide perovskite solar cells: the role of hole transport materials","authors":"Mohammad Istiaque Hossain ,&nbsp;Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan ,&nbsp;Qingyang Liu ,&nbsp;Brahim Aissa","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the fabrication and characterization of mesoporous TiO₂-based wide-bandgap bromide perovskite (FAPbBr₃) solar cells employing both fluorene-dithiophene and spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport materials (HTMs). The devices were fabricated using the same protocol as those investigated for spectroscopy, ensuring consistent material deposition and interface quality. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements under one sun illumination revealed promising photovoltaic performance, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 6.7 % (Voc = 1.40 V, Jsc = 6.80 mA/cm², FF = 70 %) for spiro-OMeTAD and 6.3 % (Voc = 1.39 V, Jsc = 6.60 mA/cm², FF = 68 %) for fluorene-dithiophene-based devices. The exceptionally high open-circuit voltage (∼1.40 V) achieved by both HTMs highlights excellent interface quality and reduced non-radiative recombination losses. Both, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) were employed to investigate the chemical composition, elemental distribution, and depth profiling of the fabricated FAPbBr₃-based solar cells with different hole transport materials (HTMs). XPS analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic Pb 4f, Br 3d, and N 1s peaks, verifying the composition of the perovskite layer. The SIMS results revealed a uniform distribution of bromide (Br⁻) within the perovskite layer, confirming the stability of the material and the absence of significant halide migration. Depth profiling further demonstrated well-defined interfaces between the perovskite, mesoporous TiO₂, and the respective HTMs, with minimal interdiffusion, which aligns with the high open-circuit voltage (∼1.40 V) observed in the I-V measurements. We have also studied the charge extraction behavior and recombination dynamics using steady-state and transient optoelectronic characterization tools. FDT-based devices confirm better charge injections and better Voc compared to Spiro-OMeTAD devices. These results underscore the potential of bromide-based perovskites for high-voltage photovoltaic applications and emphasize the critical role of HTM selection in optimizing device performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A device for enhancing the irradiance of bifacial photovoltaic modules and its tracking algorithm","authors":"Leihou Sun ,&nbsp;Jianbo Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an innovative Irradiance Enhancement Device (IED) for bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules. The IED employs mirrors to reflect solar radiation onto the rear surface of the modules, dynamically adjusting the mirror tilt angle to optimize solar irradiance capture. Key contributions of this research encompass the design and mathematical modeling of the IED, the development of a mirror tracking control algorithm, and the experimental validation of its enhanced power generation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed device surpassed conventional PV tracking methods, achieving a 30.41% increase in power generation. Furthermore, compared to fixed PV brackets, the device yields a 65.0% increase in power generation. A comprehensive mathematical irradiance model has been developed to simulate rear-side irradiance accurately on bifacial PV modules under diverse conditions. This model provides a robust theoretical foundation for optimizing PV support structures and enhancing overall system energy efficiency. The findings of this study offer strong technical support for advancing PV module power generation efficiency and facilitating the development of digital and intelligent PV power stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituted polyoxometalate-modified SnO2 for enhanced interfacial contact for high-efficiency carbon-based all inorganic perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xueying Xu ,&nbsp;Weilin Chen ,&nbsp;Yinan Hou ,&nbsp;Qunwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SnO₂ demonstrates three critical characteristics for photovoltaic applications, low temperature preparation process, high conductivity and high ultraviolet light stability. These superiorities makes it a preferred choice for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as a charge transport material. However, PSCs based on SnO₂ still faces great challenges. Poor interface contact and interface defects are important factors for loss of efficiency and long-term stability. This study demonstrates a synergistic interface engineering in all-inorganic CsPbI₂Br solar cells through strategic integration of transition-metal substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates K₆H₄[SiW₉O₃₇{Ni(H₂O)}₃ ({SiW₉Ni₃}) with SnO₂ quantum dots. The SnO₂@SiW₉Ni₃ composite electron transport layer boosts electrical conductivity through enhanced electron mobility channels. {SiW₉Ni₃} can also passivate interfacial defects via strong chemical bonding between terminal oxygens and undercoordinated Sn⁴⁺ and reduce oxygen vacancy defects, effectively suppressing non-radiative recombination. Additionally, perovskite crystallization can be regulated by metal–oxygen coordination, which result in a pinhole-free and high quality film based on SnO₂@SiW₉Ni₃. The target devices achieve a champion PCE of 13.09 % (vs. 10.75 % control) with a remarkable open-circuit voltage (<em>V_OC</em>) enhancement from 1.256 V to 1.301 V. At the same time, the optimized devices retain over 90 % initial efficiency after 600 h ambient aging, demonstrating prominent operational stability. This work establishes a polyoxometalate-driven interfacial engineering strategy for advancing high-performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113750"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision classification for anomaly detection in photovoltaic cells via optimal transport theory","authors":"Ning Kang,&nbsp;Wenju Hu,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Rongji Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, plays a crucial role in combating climate change. However, PV cell anomalies such as black cores and cracks, caused by environmental factors, significantly degrade their performance. Traditional detection methods are often inefficient and risky, while existing YOLO models like YOLOv9 face challenges in accurately detecting anomalies with irregular shapes or sizes. These anomalies lead to low confidence in predictions and inaccurate classification results. In this paper, a precision classification framework for anomaly detection in PV cells is introduced, leveraging optimal transport (OT) theory. The framework operates in two stages. In the first stage, an anomaly prototype pool is constructed by clustering features within ground-truth boxes using k-means. Anomaly prototypes are selected based on their cosine similarity to normal prototypes, with those exhibiting lower similarity to normal regions being chosen. To ensure diversity among the prototypes, an orthogonal loss is applied during this stage. In the second stage, OT theory is utilized to match YOLO-predicted bounding boxes with the prototypes. A cosine similarity matrix is first created between the bounding box features and the prototypes. The Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm then generates an OT transport plan based on this matrix, refining the classification scores. This process enhances the accuracy of both anomaly classification and localization. Experiments conducted on the PVEL-AD dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework, when integrated with YOLOv9, achieves a 95.8% [email protected], marking a 2.6% improvement over the baseline method. Additionally, the True Positive Rate (TPR) increases by 1.6%, while the False Positive Rate (FPR) decreases from 2.5% to 1.1%. Visualizations further confirm a reduction in false negatives and improved localization accuracy. The paper also discusses the framework’s scalability and computational trade-offs, validating its effectiveness in enhancing the precision of PV anomaly detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing urban planning for sustainable and solar-optimized neighborhoods – A case study from Morocco","authors":"Y. Elaouzy ,&nbsp;A. El Fadar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban planning is regarded as a major driver of cities’ sustainability and their potential for solar energy production. Yet, the interaction between these elements, particularly when considering key influencing factors, remains insufficiently explored, especially under real-world conditions in many regions worldwide. In this respect, this study investigates the interplay between urban morphology, solar potential and building sustainability in the Mediterranean climate of Tangier, Morocco. Therefore, we selected a reference neighborhood, comprising 104 buildings and clustering common building envelope properties and number of stories across three street categories: primary, secondary and tertiary. The neighborhood’s performance and solar potential were evaluated using key software and tools, involving Rhino, Grasshopper, Ladybug tools and EnergyPlus. The results show that the lowest annual energy use intensity is observed when the primary street, lined with tall buildings, is oriented in an east–west direction. Furthermore, the largest/smallest share of rooftop solar power generation occurs in buildings along primary/tertiary streets. Moreover, optimizing the building height and orientation of the reference neighborhood increases the potential annual carbon emission savings by 12.12%, and boosts the solar system’s energy production by 6.17%, increases its coverage ratio by 7.9%, and reduces its levelized cost of electricity by 5.81%. The outcomes of this research could offer valuable insights to urban planners and policymakers to improve the sustainability of both existing and new neighborhoods, as well as to develop neighborhood-scale renewable energy policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance assessment of a new sensible heat storage material for space heating: a natural convection experimental study","authors":"Abhishek Saxena ,&nbsp;Atul A. Sagade ,&nbsp;M.A. Tawfik ,&nbsp;Desh Bandhu Singh ,&nbsp;V.V. Tyagi ,&nbsp;Parul Gupta ,&nbsp;Muneesh Sethi ,&nbsp;Varun Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focuses on the development of an economical novel sensible heat storage material for performance improvement of a solar air heater purposely for space heating and drying operations under slightly cold environments. For this, a total of three models were developed. Model-I is a conventional air heater to compare the results of other studied models. Model-II carries a bed of the black-painted pebble stones in a uniform layer and Model-III performs on a newly developed heat storage medium that was prepared by mixing the black cement into carbon black powder in a ratio of 15:85. This material was used over the absorber in the form of tiny cylindrical-shaped geometries. All models were experimentally investigated on different days in October and November under three different configurations on natural convection. Model-III was found to be an optimized model of air heater. The results of the study showed an average percentage improvement in Model-III’s exhaust temperature was observed at about 9.8% and 9.27%, in thermal efficiency at about 24.2% and 8.7%, in heat transfer coefficient at about 47.98% and 58.37%, and in the overall heat loss coefficient at about 1.15% and 6.56 % compared with Model-I and II on natural convection trials during November. The exhaust temperature and duration of supplying hot air (8 to 8.50 h) were observed to be improved for Model-III compared with other studied models. Model-III is a cost-effective system for adoption and much more efficient for use. Thus, it is recommended for space heating and drying operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of large-scale organic photovoltaic modules above the canopy inside a tunnel-shaped greenhouse","authors":"Meir Teitel,&nbsp;Shay Ozer,&nbsp;Helena Vitoshkin","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels into greenhouse cultivation has garnered increasing attention in recent years, driven by the dual goals of expanding renewable energy use and improving land-use efficiency for both crop production and electricity generation. This study combines experimental and modeling approaches to evaluate how the greenhouse environment influences the temperature of large-scale organic photovoltaic modules (OPVMs) installed horizontally above a tomato crop canopy in a tunnel-shaped greenhouse. The impact of temperature on the performance characteristics of OPVMs is well recognized. Therefore, predicting their temperature in a greenhouse environment is very important. Results show a strong correlation between OPVM temperature, ambient air temperature, and solar irradiance, with peak temperatures occurring around midday. The study demonstrates that the Ross model—a steady-state method commonly used to predict silicon PV temperature—can be effectively applied to OPVMs. Additionally, a new energy balance-based model is introduced, showing comparable accuracy. It is shown that differences in radiometric properties of the OPVMs had a negligible effect on their thermal response. Additionally, this study examines the power conversion efficiency of the modules throughout the growing season and the impact of OPVMs on tomato yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-based lead-free vacancy ordered double perovskites A2CeX6(A = Cs, K and X = Cl, Br) for sustainable energy applications","authors":"Showkat Hassan Mir,&nbsp;Nazir Ahmad Teli,&nbsp;Basharat Want","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double perovskites (DP) continue to be a primary area of research, and scientists continuously explore various combinations of cations to discover new materials with unique properties. In this study, we investigated the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of Cerium-based DPs (A₂CeX₆, where A <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> Cs or K and X <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> Cl or Br) for applications in renewable energy. Using density functional theory (DFT), we showed the non-magnetic behaviour of these compounds through ground-state energy analysis. Structural and mechanical stability was confirmed through formation energy and elastic constant evaluation. The elastic constants revealed that these materials possess mechanical anisotropy and a brittle nature. Debye temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) was found to range between 140 and 199 K for these compounds. Electronic structure analysis revealed direct bandgaps ranging from 1.23 to 1.76 eV, suitable for effective light absorption in the visible spectrum. The calculated hole effective masses are larger than the free electron mass, and depict the anisotropic hole conductivity. Optical property evaluation revealed significant light absorption ( <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mi>c</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) and low reflectivity below 15 % in the visible energy range. Thickness-dependent calculations of Spectroscopic Limited Maximum Efficiency (SLME) suggest that these materials could achieve a theoretical efficiency of 30 % at a thickness of <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. These findings highlight the potential of these compounds for applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}