Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"High work function large-area carbon black films as conductive, passivated, and hole-selective heterocontact layer for highly efficient solar cells","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Gao ,&nbsp;Jianxin Guo ,&nbsp;Dehua Yang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Chen ,&nbsp;Xuning Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianming Wang ,&nbsp;Kangping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiming Xu ,&nbsp;Wenheng Li ,&nbsp;Yuhua Bai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Yuan ,&nbsp;Shufang Wang ,&nbsp;Dengyuan Song ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Jianhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon black (CB), which can be prepared by environmental pollutants such as waste tires, rice husks, feedstock oil, and coal tar, presents an overcapacity phenomenon. Further increasing the new applications of CB will help alleviate the pressure of environmental pollution. Here, we employed CB to selectively transport photogenerated carriers in silicon solar cells and broaden its application in solar cells. When used as the back field for p-type silicon solar cells, it achieves a power conversion efficiency (<em>PCE</em>) of 22.35 %. Similarly, when CB is incorporated as a component of the p-n junction in n-type silicon solar cells, it yields a <em>PCE</em> of 21.70 %. Such high numbers in the first study demonstrate the potential of the CB contacted silicon-based solar cells. A CB film with such high work function (6.3 eV) is obtained. And the CB/Si heterojunction can be fabricated using a simple, scalable doctor blade coating at room temperature and pressure. Large-scale new applications of conventional CB materials in the photovoltaic field help to realize the sustainability concept of green chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations on stream-wise and span-wise orientations of wavy absorber plates and mesh in double pass solar air heater","authors":"Milan K. John,&nbsp;P.M. Sutheesh,&nbsp;Rohinikumar Bandaru","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional stream-wise designs in porous mesh geometry exhibit limited solid–fluid thermal interaction, resulting in reduced thermal and fluid dynamic performance in double pass solar air heaters (DPSAH). To address the improvements in this, experimental investigations were conducted on span-wise configuration which is an alternative improved design and stream wise configuration. This study introduces a novel absorber plate and porous mesh combination in a span-wise configuration, explored experimentally for the first time. Experiments were performed for both the configurations at flow rates ranging from 0.025 kg/s to 0.055 kg/s and incident heat fluxes between 300 W/m² and 900 W/m². Results indicate that the span-wise configuration achieves 11.9 % and 15.1 % higher mean temperature differences of the fluid at flow rates of 0.025 kg/s and 0.055 kg/s, respectively. Mean Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number, with the span-wise configuration showing superior performance. Reduction in pressure drop 50 % to 60 % is observed in the span-wise configuration, contributing to improved energy savings. At highest incident heat flux of 900 W/m², the friction factor in the stream-wise configuration is 1.8 times and 3.45 times higher at 0.055 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s, respectively demonstrating greater energy losses in it than latter. Span-wise configuration exhibited maximum second law efficiency improvement of 20.9 % at <em>Re</em> of 5531 with 900 W/m². Additionally, annual cost savings of 7.6 % is achieved in span-wise configuration. Span-wise configuration exhibits improved thermal efficiency and overall performance index across all the conditions, making it promising for enhanced heat transfer, reduced fluid friction, and improved energy savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous solar resourcing in China with Fengyun-2","authors":"Chunlin Huang ,&nbsp;Hongrong Shi ,&nbsp;Guoming Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang’ao Xia ,&nbsp;Dazhi Yang ,&nbsp;Disong Fu ,&nbsp;Ling Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Qixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almost all solar resource assessment and forecasting endeavors require gridded surface irradiance retrieved from geostationary satellites. China’s solar industry has hitherto been relying upon Himawari and Meteosat-derived surface irradiance products. Despite the maturity of those products, none provides a complete coverage of China, which implies a series of data issues, such as the inconsistency at product boundaries or limited resolution towards the edge of the field-of-view disks. However, data issues are but secondary, and the lack of autonomous capability of performing solar resourcing is what truly troubles those concerned. China’s latest geostationary weather satellite series, Fengyun-4 (FY-4), has the most advanced technology, but its service commenced only fairly recently in 2017. Hence, to meet China’s immediate needs for solar resources under its radical decarbonization target, which cannot afford to wait for FY-4 data to pile with time, soliciting information from its predecessor series, namely, FY-2, is thought to be apt. In this work, a high-resolution (1.25-km, 1-h) satellite-derived surface irradiance product (HelioFY2) over a twelve-year period (2011–2022) is developed, based on the scanning radiometers onboard FY-2E, −2F, and −2G satellites. A series of analysis as to quantifying the interannual and spatial variability of solar irradiance and assessing photovoltaic potential in China, which has rarely been done before, confirm that the current product can suffice most solar resourcing applications. This HelioFY2 product is profoundly beneficial to improving the status quo of solar resourcing in China. This new product is now available at <span><span>https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.21884</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction with H2O from regulatory mechanism to catalyst structure design: a review","authors":"Yuxuan Ma,&nbsp;Changmin Zhai,&nbsp;Jinyi Dai,&nbsp;Fangna Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic CO₂ reduction using H₂O as the hydrogen source presents a promising approach to simultaneously address environmental sustainability and renewable energy production. While substantial progress has been made in this field, existing reviews have predominantly focused on systems employing exogenous H₂ rather than the more environmentally benign H₂O-based reduction. The current photosynthetic efficiency remains constrained by fundamental challenges including limited spectral utilization, inefficient photothermal conversion, suboptimal carrier mobility and insufficient active site accessibility. A deeper understanding of the reaction fundamentals and a critical examination of recent advancements in catalyst design strategies can help overcome these issues. This review begins by introducing the fundamentals of photocatalytic and photothermal CO₂ reduction with H₂O. It then systematically analyzes several key performance-enhancement regulatory mechanisms: (i) hierarchical structure engineering for enhanced light absorption, (ii) functional nanostructure design for improved charge carrier dynamics, (iii) surface active site optimization for enhanced CO₂/H₂O adsorption or regulated the binding strength of reaction intermediates, (iv) synergistic photothermal-photocatalytic system design utilizing photothermal effect or plasmonic effect. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of various photocatalytic and photothermal catalyst designs are analyzed. Finally, recommendations and future perspectives for the development of highly efficient bifunctional catalysts provide valuable insights into the advancement of photocatalytic and photothermal CO₂ reduction with H₂O as the hydrogen source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of particle deposition and power efficiency reduction of dust-laden wind flow over photovoltaic modules considering particle resuspension behaviors","authors":"Huiquan Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Zunshi Han ,&nbsp;Chuanxiao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy, as a key renewable resource, has been widely adopted worldwide in recent years. However, dust particle deposition on photovoltaic (PV) modules can reduce power generation efficiency, particularly in dust-prone regions. To better understand the behavior of particle deposition and resuspension, this study develops a coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD-DEM) multiphysics model. The model considers the deposition and resuspension of particles. The model can capture particle dynamics, including collision, rolling, sliding, rebound, and resuspension. The study investigate the effects of wind speed <span><math><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>Hp</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, particle diameter <span><math><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>, and module tilt angle <em>θ</em> on resuspension rates and their consequent impact on PV performance. The results indicated that the PV module’s <em>θ</em> significantly influenced the particles resuspension behavior. At <em>θ</em> = 140<em>°</em>, <span><math><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> =200 μm and <span><math><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>Hp</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 5.2 m/s, the resuspension rate <span><math><msub><mi>η</mi><mrow><mi>resusp</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> peaked at 99.7 %, significantly higher than at other angles. Moreover, 100 μm-300 μm particles showed higher susceptibility to resuspension, especially under higher airflow velocities. Finally, an empirical formula was employed to predict the effect of particle resuspension on PV power generation efficiency, with the performance loss ratio (PLR) used to quantify the reduction in efficiency loss due to resuspension. At <em>θ</em> = 140<em>°</em>, <span><math><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>=100 μm and <span><math><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>Hp</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 5.2 m/s, the PLR reached a maximum of 99.6 %, indicating the most effective cleaning effect from resuspension in this case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113562"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dust accumulation on PV and CSP systems: Experimental analysis and simulation insights in semi-arid climate","authors":"Mohamed Boujoudar ,&nbsp;Massaab El Ydrissi ,&nbsp;Mounir Abraim ,&nbsp;Amine Moulay Taj ,&nbsp;Ibtissam Bouarfa ,&nbsp;El Ghali Bennouna ,&nbsp;Hicham Ghennioui","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust accumulation “soiling” significantly diminishes the energy output of Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. Despite its impact, soiling losses are often underreported, with regional and seasonal variations frequently overlooked. This study evaluates soiling’s impact on large-scale PV and CSP systems under identical conditions at Green Energy Park (GEP), Morocco. Three PV technologies (Mono-crystalline, Polycrystalline, Cadmium Telluride) and CSP (Fresnel) were examined, with two PV systems per technology—one cleaned every two days and the other left uncleaned. High-precision techniques, including Tracking Cleanliness System (TraCS) and reflectometer systems for CSP and continuous monitoring of maximal power output with an MPP meter card for PV, measured Cleanliness Index over four months. The Results showed varying average daily soiling rates: −0.44%, −0.51%, and −0.47% per day for Mono-crystalline, Cadmium Telluride, and Polycrystalline PV, respectively. The CSP system exhibited −1.99% per day during dry periods, 4 to 5 times greater than PV systems. Using local meteorological data, SAM software simulated 1 MWe PV and CSP plants in a semi-arid climate from 6 June to 6 October 2022. Simulations reveal that energy generation in clean conditions yielded 584 MWh (PV) and 886 MWh (CSP), while soiled conditions reduced output to 552 MWh (PV) and 632 MWh (CSP). Consequently, the electrical production loss due to soiling amounted to 32 MWh for PV and 254 MWh for CSP, indicating that energy reduction is approximately eight times more pronounced for CSP than for PV systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet nanosecond laser-cutting mechanisms of flexible stainless steel-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells","authors":"Tian Yang ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Li ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Cheng Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Fan ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Aidong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser cutting of copper indium gallium selenide (Cu(In, Ga)Se₂, CIGS) thin-film solar cells on flexible stainless steel foil substrates allows the advantage of fully exploiting its flexibility potential but presents a risk of failure due to thermal effects. In this study, we used an ultraviolet nanosecond pulsed laser to examine the feasibility of laser-cutting CIGS cells to achieve lossless efficiency. We discovered that this goal can be realized when laser cutting is performed by cold or vaporization cutting. By cold laser cutting, CIGS solar cells with an area of 1 cm² can achieve a maximum efficiency of 95.7%. Even when the cell area is reduced to 0.25 cm², the cell efficiency remains as high as 84.7%. This study paves the way for versatile applications of flexible CIGS solar cells on metal substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113603"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic coupled model between the local airflow field and photovoltaic system for photovoltaic performance prediction","authors":"Yueer He ,&nbsp;Xingwen Xi ,&nbsp;Nyuk Hien Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are among the most viable options for urban carbon neutrality. Current PV conversion efficiency, often under 20%, leads to excess heat release, which affects local environmental conditions. Microclimatic variables, such as air temperature and wind speed, affect PV heat transfer and conversion efficiency. These effects can further exacerbate urban temperatures and reduce PV conversion efficiency. While existing research predominantly concentrates on the impact of environmental variables on PV performance, the intricate interplay of local airflow field and PV system needs further investigation. This research aims to develop a novel coupled model integrating the internal heat transfer and electricity generation processes of PV panels with the local airflow field, providing a more accurate prediction of PV system performance under varying environmental conditions. A scaled physical model was constructed to validate parameters encompassing PV power output, front and back PV surface temperatures, local airflow temperatures, and wind speeds under the PV panels. An error analysis was conducted based on parameter characteristics and detailed conclusions were drawn. The root mean square error for PV surface temperature and local air temperatures were below 1.65℃ and 3.51℃, respectively. The mean relative error for PV power output was below 8.58%. The mean bias error for wind speeds under PV panels was −3.20% to 9.97%. Results demonstrate the proposed model outperforms traditional approaches, offering more reliable predictions for PV system performance in urban environments. This study contributes to more efficient PV system design and optimized deployment, supporting urban sustainability and energy efficiency goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the development of super cool paints for cooling purposes","authors":"Jiashuo Wang ,&nbsp;Da Yan ,&nbsp;Lan Ding ,&nbsp;Jingjing An ,&nbsp;Matthaios Santamouris","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban heat island effect is an increasingly pressing environmental issue globally, driving more energy consumption for cooling in buildings and cities. Super cool paint is the paint-type super cool material characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values in the atmospheric window, enabling sub-ambient cooling under direct sunlight. As the research progresses, super cool paints have been successfully developed for large-scale implementation for real-world building applications due to their relatively low cost, flexibility, and straightforward fabrication process. Herein, this study reviews and summarizes the super cool paints for building cooling purposes. It begins with an overview of the polymer-particle and porous super cool paints, offering insights into their current research and recent advancements, mainly focusing on their optical properties and the key challenges that limit their practical implementation. Subsequently, fluorescent-based super cool paint, which incorporates phosphors and quantum dots to provide diverse colors and enable ultraviolet conversion, is summarized. Furthermore, we critically discuss the recent advances of these super cool paints, highlighting their remaining limitations and proposing potential solutions for future development. This review aims to deliver comprehensive and critical insights into super cool paints with a particular focus on their applicability in buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance study of radiation heating system coupled with solar photovoltaic and graphene coating","authors":"Haifei Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxuan He ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Cui ,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyong Cai ,&nbsp;Ziyue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy consumption and safety concerns in building heating systems are gaining increasing attention. This paper proposes an innovative radiant heating system that combines solar photovoltaic technology with graphene-based electrothermal coatings. By utilizing photovoltaic power generation to replace traditional high-voltage drive systems for supplying electricity to the electrothermal coatings, the system reduces building energy consumption while ensuring efficient heating. Based on the excellent conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphene, this system can quickly convert electrical energy into thermal energy and achieve efficient heat transfer through far-infrared radiation. The study was conducted from July to August 2022 in Changzhou, China, where an experimental platform was established to investigate the effects of photovoltaic voltage, photovoltaic current, and coating area on the thermal performance of graphene-based electrothermal coatings. The results demonstrate that the graphene-based electrothermal coating exhibits low saturation voltage and saturation current, with voltage having a more pronounced impact on heating performance. Under optimal conditions, the surface temperature of a 20 × 40 cm heating panel reached 63.19 ℃, increasing the ambient temperature to 35 ℃. As the area of the graphene-based electrothermal coating expanded, the proportion of radiant heating significantly improved, with the radiant heat transfer efficiency of a 60 × 60 cm heating panel reaching 71 %. Economic analysis indicates that the system holds good application potential, with a payback period of approximately 3.87 years and a levelized cost of electricity of $0.0742/kWh. The findings of this study are of great significant for exploring a novel radiant heating approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113600"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}