Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Solar energy enhanced tribocatalytic dye degradation using high entropy perovskite ceramics","authors":"Amit Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Rahul Vaish ,&nbsp;Gurpreet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy ceramics (HECs) are a novel class of materials distinguished by their multi-principal element scheme forming single-phase structures. These materials have gathered significant attention due to their unique combination of properties, making them promising candidates for various structural and functional applications. While HECs have shown potential in diverse catalytic applications, their utilization in pollutant degradation catalysis remains relatively unexplored. This study investigates the tribocatalytic activity of a high-entropy perovskite ceramic (HEPC) BKNBCT (Bi_0.2K_0.2Na_0.2Ba_0.2Ca_0.2)TiO₃, for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, a common pollutant in environmental studies. The HEPC was synthesized via a relatively simple and economical solid-state reaction method. Tribocatalytic experiments were conducted under dark conditions, UV light, and under solar irradiation, with varying stirring speeds to investigate the effect of mechanical energy. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced degradation of MB dye under photo-tribo catalytic (&gt;80 %) and solar-tribo conditions (&gt;90 %) compared to tribocatalysis alone (∼70 %) within 3 h. This study highlights the potential of utilizing readily available mechanical and solar energy for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment. The proposed degradation mechanism involves a synergistic interplay of triboelectric charging, electron transfer, and electron-hole pair generation within the HEPC, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species that oxidize the dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid optimization for power flow management in microgrids with renewable energy sources","authors":"G. Rajendar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective power flow (PF) management is crucial for microgrids (MGs) aiming to optimize costs, leverage renewable energy (RE), and maintain system stability. This research introduces a hybrid strategy using a Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) and Walrus Optimizer (WO) combined into the Walrus-POA (WPOA) to manage PF in MGs with hybrid RE sources (HRES). By regulating voltage source inverter (VSI) signals and considering variations in active power (AP) and reactive power (RP), the proposed model addresses power exchange discrepancies between sources and loads through a multi-objective function. This approach enhances power controller parameters, ensuring reliable energy supply, reducing central grid dependence, and facilitating smooth transitions between grid-connected as well as islanded modes. MATLAB/Simulink implementation shows the technique’s effectiveness, achieving a 38.81% cost minimization as well as a 21% lessening in air pollution, compared to existing methods. WPOA achieves the lowest mean 0.9323, median 0.9187, and standard deviation (SD) 0.0936, outperforming Salp Particle Swarm Algorithm (SPSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Enhanced Jellyfish Search (EJS), Wind Driven Optimization (WDO), and Dwarf Mongoose Optimization (DMO) in consistency and optimization performance. It also attains the highest efficiency at 97.2%, surpassing all existing methods and enhancing PF management in MGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113902"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermally deposited Sb2S3 thin films: Effect of annealing conditions on the optoelectronic properties, the selenization, and photoelectrochemical performance","authors":"R.G.Sotelo Marquina ,&nbsp;Andrea Cerdán-Pasarán ,&nbsp;R.G.Avilez García ,&nbsp;Vijay C. Karade ,&nbsp;N.R. Mathews ,&nbsp;X. Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sb₂S₃ is a no-toxic and earth-abundant semiconductor with suitable bandgap (1.7–1.8 eV) for opto-electronic devices operating in the UV–Vis region. It has strong optical absorption, and being a low-dimensional material shows anisotropic properties. Its favorable optoelectronic characteristics and compatibility with low-cost and scalable fabrication methods make it a strong candidate for photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications. In this work a detailed study of the opto-electronic properties of the material Sb₂S₃ in relation to the post-deposition thermal processing of the thin films is discussed. The studies include the effect of annealing temperature, annealing duration, ambient pressure, and the partial substitution of sulfur (S) with selenium (Se). The studies were mainly focused on crystallite/grain orientation, Raman modes, and photocurrent response of the films subjected to the different annealing conditions. Raman analyses based on a reported empirical approach in literature showed that the quasi-1D [Sb₄S₆]_n chains are vertical, with an inclination of ≈ 16 degrees to the normal to the substrate, which remained within a 3 % change after the different annealing processes. The temperature and pressure variation studies found that the responsivity is maximum when [Sb₄S₆]_n chains are more closely aligned to the vertical, indicating a better charge transport. The role of S and Se vapor in the annealing chamber was manifested in the photoresponsivity. The films annealed in S atmosphere showed higher responsivity (5.29 × 10⁴ A/W) compared to those annealed without S (1.79 × 10⁴ A/W). The photoelectrochemical cell FTO/Au/Sb₂(S_0.71Se_0.29)₃/CdS achieved 6.52 mA/cm² current at 0 vs E_RHE which was further increased to 10.66 mA/cm² at 0 vs E_RHE after surface modification with Pt, attaining a PEC efficiency of 1.5 % at 0.2 E_RHE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113942"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fine-grained frequency decomposition framework for long-term photovoltaic and wind power forecasting","authors":"Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Tingxiao Ding ,&nbsp;Jin Su ,&nbsp;Yuhan Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Hu ,&nbsp;Yiming Qin ,&nbsp;Houjian Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate forecasting of solar and wind energy is critical for achieving efficient grid integration. However, existing machine learning and deep learning methods face several challenges when handling complex and varying time series data, such as limited universality, insufficient generalization, and difficulty balancing computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a fine-grained frequency decomposition framework (FDF) and designs a sequence decomposition scheme based on wavelet transform and down-sampling strategy (continuous sampling and interval sampling). The framework aims to deeply explore intricate temporal patterns in time series and fully capture long-range dependencies. More concretely, FDF applies wavelet transform to break down the original time series into multiple components of different frequencies. Then, each component undergoes continuous and interval sampling separately, which further extracts short-term fluctuations and long-term trends within each frequency band. Extensive experiments were conducted on two wind power datasets and one photovoltaic dataset for long-term forecasting. Results indicate that FDF achieved average reductions of 11.42 % in MSE and 7.65 % in MAE, with an average of 0.0015 G FLOPs and 0.2873 M parameters. It not only demonstrated excellent predictive performance and generalization capability but also outstanding lightweight characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of CuO nanofluid as spectral splitters for concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal systems","authors":"Yiming Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Liu ,&nbsp;Wanrong Yang,&nbsp;Ruizhe Kou,&nbsp;Yizhan Huang,&nbsp;Binghong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (CPV/T) systems offer a synergistic approach to solar energy utilization through spectral splitting technology and integrated energy harvesting of high-flux solar radiation. To address the high-temperature operational demands of CPV/T systems, this study employs copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids with superior chemical stability as the spectral splitter. The optical transmittance of CuO was calculated with an optical model governed by the Lambert-Beer law, showing CuO nanofluids exhibited strong absorption capabilities below 700 nm and high transmittance in the 700–1100 nm wavelength range, which matches with monocrystalline silicon cells to serve as the spectral splitters. A comprehensive experimental framework was developed to evaluate system performance through critical parameters including exergy efficiency and merit function (MF). Experimental results under non-concentrated conditions revealed optimal performance at 300 ppm concentration for CuO nanoparticles, yielding a MF of 2.174 with thermal and electric power densities of 662.77 W/m² and 66.50 W/m² respectively. The integration of optical concentration technology demonstrated substantial performance enhancements. At a concentration ratio of 4, a high MF value of 1.878 was achieved and the system exergy efficiency was increased by 44.3 % compared to non-concentrated operation, accompanied by elevated thermal and electrical power densities of 1,859.11 W/m² and 185.70 W/m², which can provide simultaneous electricity and thermal output to satisfy medium-to-high temperature heating demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113946"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-performance prediction and optimization for building-integrated photovoltaics facades with passive design via explainable machine learning","authors":"Han Qiu ,&nbsp;Zhichao Ma ,&nbsp;Yaping Hu ,&nbsp;Dandan Wu ,&nbsp;Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangtao He","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades with passive design represent a low-carbon, sustainable architectural strategy for addressing climate change and energy challenges. Given that early-stage design decisions significantly impact project outcomes, this study focused on developing rapid assessment methods for three key performance aspects: daylight availability, solar energy generation, and building energy efficiency. To achieve this, we established Shanghai-specific dataset through building performance simulations and label classification. Using this dataset, we developed predictive models for four critical metrics: spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), solar radiation, EUI_heat, EUI_cool. By comparing Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms, we found that both achieved strong performance (F1 scores: 0.856 for sDA, 0.808 for solar radiation, 0.878 for EUI_cool, and 0.924 for EUI_heat). Notably, SHAP-based explainability analysis not only validated the models’ reliability by aligning with correlation results but also revealed the relative importance of different design parameters. Furthermore, when tested in other cities with similar climates, the models maintained high accuracy, demonstrating their practical value for regional applications. The proposed method reduces the computational time from 106–239 h to 60.6 h. After optimization, the optimal solution can achieve 25 % to 48 % of cooling and heating energy supplied by photovoltaic power generation. This research provides architects with a predictive tool to assess multiple performance metrics of BIPV façade with passive design, supporting sustainable design decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of photovoltaic greenhouses with modelling and field validation","authors":"Anuradha Tomar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic greenhouses (PVGHs) offer a sustainable solution for food and energy production, particularly in off-grid and water-scarce regions. However, optimizing their operation requires managing competing objectives across energy generation, irrigation efficiency, crop quality, and economic viability. This study presents a field-validated, first-principles-based multi-objective optimization framework tailored for PVGHs. The model concurrently maximizes four objectives: (i) photovoltaic energy efficiency, (ii) water-use-informed crop yield, (iii) composite fruit quality, and (iv) economic return. Unlike prior work, the framework integrates a dynamic quality index—combining °Brix, firmness, acidity, and size—into the optimization process and embeds real-time cost–revenue analysis into control logic. Empirical validation is conducted over a 97-day tomato crop cycle in a semi-arid, off-grid PVGH. The model achieves strong predictive agreement across key performance indicators (R² &gt; 0.92; deviation &lt; 7 %) for yield, water use, energy generation, and quality. Sensitivity and scenario-based analysis demonstrate system robustness under environmental and resource constraints. Implemented as a low-cost digital twin, the framework supports adaptive, quality-aware greenhouse control and holds strong potential for deployment in climate-sensitive, resource-limited agriculture. It also contributes to food-energy-water security and sustainable development in vulnerable rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future PV production potential in Northern Europe under changing snow conditions: A multi-model assessment","authors":"Kimmo Ruosteenoja,&nbsp;Petri Räisänen,&nbsp;Juha A. Karhu,&nbsp;Anders V. Lindfors","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future changes in solar photovoltaic (PV) energy production potential in Northern Europe were assessed by utilising daily solar radiation, snow and temperature data from 13 global climate models. Since the modelled snow cover data represent horizontal ground, the findings primarily apply to solar panels with a low tilt angle.</div><div>The key outcome of the analysis is that a reduction in snow cover in the future will substantially increase the potential for PV production. For a moderate greenhouse gas scenario, the projected multi-model mean change in production from 1981–2010 to 2070–2099 is approximately 20% in Northern Scandinavia and slightly less than 10% in northern Central Europe. If the impacts of snow cover were disregarded, the change would be smaller than 5% in most of the domain. In absolute terms, the increase is largest in spring when there is abundant solar radiation and the snow cover effectively responds to warming. While the models agree on the sign of change, particularly in spring, there is considerable divergence in the magnitude of the increase. Alongside the projected increase in temporally averaged production potential, the proportion of days favourable for solar PV production increases substantially, especially in April and May.</div><div>The analysis indicates that when assessing future changes in PV production in boreal areas, it is of utmost importance to consider changes in the snow cover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113896"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid characterization and failure analysis of 6276 rooftop-harvested photovoltaic connectors","authors":"Steven J. DiGregorio,&nbsp;Laurie Burnham,&nbsp;Bruce H. King","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) connectors, which link modules in series and connect PV strings in parallel, have increasingly been recognized as a primary contributor to PV system failures and a source of numerous fire incidents. However, publicly available data on the rates and types of connector failures are scarce, primarily due to the proprietary nature of the information and the need for comprehensive analysis. This study represents the first large-scale investigation of harvested PV connectors, drawing from a dataset of 6276 connectors from residential rooftop solar systems across the United States. The outcome of this work is twofold: 1) we have established a rapid characterization method for large populations of harvested connectors, incorporating visual inspection, resistance measurements, and X-ray imaging; and 2) the analysis made possible by our rapid-processing method has revealed, for a population of connector models provided by a single rooftop installer, failure statistics and insights for various connector makes and models, installation practices, operating currents, and internal component displacements. This research identifies common failure modes that could be considered in future connector designs standards, and operations and maintenance practices, to ultimately improve the reliability of this vital component of PV infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113916"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of abrasive cleaning loads on the durability of hydrophobic anti-soiling coating","authors":"Pavan Fuke ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Mallick ,&nbsp;Narendra Shiradkar ,&nbsp;Anil Kottantharayil","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The durability of anti-soiling coatings (ASC) on photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical for mitigating soiling-induced energy losses and reducing cleaning frequency, particularly in regions with high soiling rates. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of four cleaning loads (300 gf, 600 gf, 900 gf, and 1010 gf) on hydrophobic ASC durability using glass coupons in a controlled indoor environment. To replicate realistic field conditions, a dew-dust-dry-clean (DDDC) test sequence was employed, simulating daily temperature, humidity and soiling variations observed in actual PV installations. To assess cleaning efficacy, the indoor experiment was conducted for two artificial dust gravimetric densities (0.2 and 0.6 mg/cm²). The findings reveal that ASC durability is not linearly dependent on the applied load but varies based on the interaction between the brush bristles and the glass surface. ASC subjected to lower loads exhibited extended durability, while moderate loads accelerated degradation due to increased bristle contact. Interestingly, the highest load showed improved durability compared to moderate loads. The number of cleaning cycles required for complete soiling removal decreases with increasing loads. For identical cleaning efficacy, the durability of the coating is marginally worse for the highest load than for the smallest load, while the coating degraded the fastest for moderate loads. These results provide critical insights for optimizing cleaning strategies to balance coating durability and cleaning efficacy, ensuring the long-term performance and cost-effectiveness of anti-soiling and anti-reflective coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 113935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}