Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Parametric passive design strategy towards sustainable net-zero energy buildings in hot-dry climate zones of India” [Sol. Energy 294 (2025) 113515]","authors":"Khuplianlam Tungnung","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113586"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-based units’ shadow’s effect on energy management of triple interconnected grids by considering crypto miners and CCUS plus green roof","authors":"Mohammad Shaterabadi ,&nbsp;Hasan Mehrjerdi ,&nbsp;Houshang Karimi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Ahmadi Jirdehi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concerns about climate change and global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuels have intensified in recent years. Despite numerous statements and protocols, practical actions remain limited. Every effort to mitigate these effects is crucial. This paper explores the critical but often overlooked impact of solar-based renewable energy units on buildings’ energy demands, affecting energy management and planning. It also examines the role of green roof (GR) technology as an innovative method for demand management and carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, both separately and in combination. From the demand side, the growing influence of crypto miners as significant elements in power grids is considered. Energy-Plus software is used to calculate the building’s demands, incorporating the green roof and shadow effects. These results are then used in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to optimize energy management using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), solved with the Augmented Epsilon constraints method and various solvers. The study models a triple interconnected grid, applying Tehran’s weather conditions to evaluate renewable energy outputs and building performance. The area of the building is included as a key factor, and different scenarios are analyzed to assess the impact of the proposed strategies individually and collectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface modification to facilitate electron extraction by introducing a non-toxic (Zn,In)S buffer layer in Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells","authors":"Iman Gharibshahian,&nbsp;Ali A. Orouji","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃) solar cells have captivated the interest of researchers due to their unique material properties and promising optoelectronic functionalities. The performance of Sb₂Se₃-based photovoltaic devices is tied to the interplay between the absorber and buffer layers, forming a critical junction that significantly influences the overall efficiency. Traditionally, the buffer layer in Sb₂Se₃ cells relies on toxic and parasitic light-absorbing cadmium sulfide (CdS), hindering its widespread adoption. In this work, we present an alternative approach by introducing a non-toxic zinc indium sulfide ((Zn,In)S) buffer layer with a composition-dependent energy structure. We find that the (Zn,In)S layer, with an optimal indium content (In/(Zn + In) ratio of 0.11), effectively modifies the Sb₂Se₃/(Zn,In)S band alignment. This modification not only suppresses carrier recombination at the interface but also enhances carrier transport. In traditional Sb₂Se₃/CdS cells, there is a significant negative conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.4 eV. However, by incorporating a Zn_0.89In_0.11S buffer layer, the conduction band is raised, reducing the negative CBO to a more favorable value of 0.07 eV. The incorporation of the Zn_0.89In_0.11S buffer layer not only effectively reduces the negative CBO but also creates a wider bandgap between its conduction band and the valence band of Sb₂Se₃, thereby significantly reducing interface recombination. Simulation results further support the effectiveness of this approach, indicating that the Sb₂Se₃/Zn_0.89In_0.11S cell efficiency can reach 17.75 %, which is a notable improvement over traditional Sb₂Se₃/CdS cells. This finding underscores the crucial role of interfacial engineering in boosting the Sb₂Se₃ cell performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of pre-startup, normal operation, and accident conditions for a megawatt-scale molten salt steam generation system","authors":"Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Fengyongkang Wu ,&nbsp;Xue Xue ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo ,&nbsp;Mingbao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MW-level pilot platform was derived from 100 MW solar thermal project, including preheater, evaporator, superheater and molten salt heater. Experiments were carried out under system pre-start, normal, and accident conditions. Results show that the steam/water side before the superheater must be preheated to operational temperature before introducing molten salt in natural circulation mode, as initial salt introduction causes significant thermal shocks to the tank walls. When the molten salt flow increases from 1 to 2 kg/s and temperature rises from 425 to 480 °C, the thermal efficiency of the heat exchangers decreases due to increased heat loss and worsening boiling conditions. Efficiency ranges for the preheater, evaporator, and superheater are 40–55 %, 80–95 %, and 50–65 %, respectively. Preheater and evaporator exhibit minimal thermal resistance (∼0.0004 °C/W). While 90 % and 70 % of the total thermal resistance of the superheater and preheater are on the steam and molten salt sides, respectively. Failures in the molten salt heater, pump shutdown, and safety valve release significantly impact the superheater but have minimal effect on the preheater and evaporator. After heater failure, the temperature on the molten salt side of the superheater decreases by 1–2 °C/min, while the superheated steam temperature drops by 8–9 °C/min. When combined with pump stoppage, steam pressure decreases by 0.4 MPa/min, with the temperature dropping as fast as 16 °C/min. Overpressure range and prediction model were obtained based on measured data and statistical analysis. Findings will provide a theoretical basis for the design and operation of 100 MW class SGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) of N-type TOPCon solar cells","authors":"Shaohua Ma ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Jianxin Xu ,&nbsp;Wenhua Li ,&nbsp;Yonggang Guo ,&nbsp;Dayong Qiao ,&nbsp;Binghe Ma ,&nbsp;Weizheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Tao Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Till now, N-type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells are emerging as a leading technology owing to their high energy conversion efficiency and low-cost. However, the performance of N-type TOPCon solar cells is affected by light and elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) during operation, and the underlying degradation mechanisms have not yet been fully revealed. This study investigates the underlying LeTID mechanisms with commercial N-type TOPCon solar cells by comparing and analyzing impact parameters such as hydrogen content in the passivation layer, rapid thermal anneal temperature, doping strategy, initial efficiency, silicon wafer quality, and oxidation degree. We further integrate light injection technology to mitigate LeTID effects and found the light injection technology is beneficial to activating hydrogen passivation processes, improving surface stability, increasing the average open-circuit voltage, and reducing the relative efficiency degradation from -0.23% to +0.32%. The research findings not only deepen the understanding of LeTID degradation, but also pave the way for enhanced reliability and widespread adoption of N-type TOPCon solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible phase change materials with photothermal conversion properties as pipe insulation for improved thermal stability","authors":"Huageng Dai,&nbsp;Jianjuan Yuan,&nbsp;Caimeng Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangfei Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-distance district heating pipelines exposed to the ground for extended periods experience significant heat loss. The application of flexible phase-change composite materials with a photothermal conversion function offers a novel approach to coupling heating pipes with phase-change heat storage, utilizing solar energy for insulation. In this study, melamine foam serves as the supporting skeleton, erythritol as the phase change material, and polydopamine as the light-absorbing material. The composite phase change material exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.04574 W/m·K, an enthalpy of 357.6 J/g, a melting peak at 121.9 °C and an average photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.82 %. The simulation results show that the thermal insulation layer formed by the photothermal conversion material effectively slows the cooling rate of water within the pipe. The results of the evaluation show that if photothermal conversion material is used as insulation in the long-distance district heating pipeline in Taikoo and Lvliang cities, the daily operating cost savings would be 1,226.5 CNY/d and 2,147 CNY/d, respectively. The long-distance district heating pipeline in the two cities could offset the additional cost of photothermal conversion material over an ordinary insulation layer in 698.92 days and 886.31 days, respectively. This study provides technical support for the application of solar energy in heating pipe insulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113568"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel few-shot detector for rare defect localization in photovoltaic cells using electroluminescence images","authors":"Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Q.M. Jonathan Wu ,&nbsp;Weiming Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate defect detection in Photovoltaic (PV) cells is vital for ensuring the long-term stable operation of PV power generation systems. Existing deep learning based methods are widely utilized in PV cell defect detection using Electroluminescence images. However, these methods heavily depend on a substantial amount of annotated data, and thus their effectiveness is limited when dealing with rare defects that have less available data. To address this issue, a novel method called OURS_RARE_PV is proposed for rare PV cell defect localization. In particular, OURS_RARE_PV utilizes a transfer learning based few-shot object detection framework. Firstly, contrastive learning loss is employed to amplify the distinctions among different classes and strengthen the similarities within a single class, leading to more discriminative feature representations that make samples from various classes more easily distinguishable. Next, we design the knowledge compensation module to address base defect class knowledge forgetting, caused by parameter updates during fine-tuning. It decouples training and testing by introducing an additional branch with frozen parameters to preserve base defect class knowledge during training. Furthermore, we establish a new dataset named few-shot PVEL_AD. Finally, OURS_RARE_PV was evaluated on the few-shot PVEL_AD dataset, using different sample settings across two different scenarios. Compared to other methods, OURS_RARE_PV achieved the best performance, demonstrating its superiority. Code is available at: <span><span>https://github.com/Researcher-TJER/OURS_RARE_PV</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking irradiation models for photovoltaic applications: A comparative analysis of radiance-based tools","authors":"Erlend Hustad Honningdalsnes ,&nbsp;Erik Stensrud Marstein ,&nbsp;Magnus Moe Nygård ,&nbsp;Marie Syre Wiig ,&nbsp;Heine Nygard Riise","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the accuracy, efficiency, and capabilities of three ray tracing tools—bifacial_radiance, ClimateStudio, and Honeybee Radiance—in modeling irradiance for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Despite similar performance in modeling hourly irradiance and monthly and annual cumulative irradiation levels, the tools exhibited differences in functionalities and computational efficiency. All models estimated cumulative annual front irradiation within 1.3% of measured values, with bifacial_radiance showing the largest error. For rear side irradiance, bifacial_radiance, ClimateStudio, and Honeybee Radiance underestimated irradiance by 2.82%, 5.40% and 8.74%, respectively. bifacial_radiance showed the highest model stochasticity in cumulative simulations due to its reliance on a single cumulative sky model. In contrast, ClimateStudio and Honeybee Radiance employ matrix-based approaches with hourly resolution within the period, averaging out stochasticity and making them more dependable for precise cumulative irradiation values. These matrix-based methods also significantly enhanced time-series analysis efficiency by modeling yearly irradiance with hourly resolution faster than bifacial_radiance analyzes a single point-in-time, while maintaining similar hourly error and bias levels. However, bifacial_radiance exhibited lower model stochasticity in hourly simulations. Enabled by the efficient simulation capabilities of ClimateStudio and Honeybee Radiance, a method for improving rear side irradiance modeling was tested. By combining simulations with different ground albedo values, this approach significantly reduced error and bias in rear side irradiance modeling. Ultimately, the choice of tool depends on study requirements, with bifacial_radiance being advantageous for hourly and sub-hourly resolution in short-term analyzes, while ClimateStudio and Honeybee Radiance are better suited for cumulative and extended time-series analyzes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 113566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated design of a bio-inspired photovoltaic/thermal system with green nanofluids and composite phase change materials for semi-arid climates","authors":"Ehsan Shahcheraghi ,&nbsp;Mosayeb Gholinia ,&nbsp;Mohsen Pourfallah","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems urgently require solutions that simultaneously address efficiency limitations and environmental concerns. This study introduces three key innovations to address these limitations: (1) bio-inspired absorber tubes modeled after the black scorpion’s tail geometry (a previously unexplored biomimetic approach for PV/T systems), (2) Clove-functionalized MWCNT/H₂O nanofluids—a new eco-friendly coolant class that simultaneously enhances heat transfer and reduces nanoparticle toxicity, and (3) Composite phase change materials (CPCMs) for surface cooling and electrical efficiency enhancement, with annual carbon dioxide emission (CO₂) reduction analysis. These innovations synergistically improve performance while addressing environmental concerns—an aspect underexplored in previous PV/T research. Numerical simulations were conducted using Ansys-Fluent 2021 under transient heat flux conditions (11:00 AM to 16:00 PM) representative of a semi-arid climate (summer in Tehran- Iran), with experimental validation to ensure accuracy. The results demonstrate that the optimized helical turbulator design (Model 3) reduces average PV surface temperature by 10.2 % (to ∼43.36 °C) and increases average fluid outlet temperature by 3.85 % (to ∼32.81 °C) compared to baseline geometries. Furthermore, the use of green nanofluids at varying concentrations increases thermal and electrical efficiencies by up to 15.38 % and 1.43 %, respectively. Green nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity by ∼12.22 %, achieving a peak thermal efficiency of 75.2 % (+15.38 % improvement) and electrical efficiency of 15.23 % (+0.83 % improvement). CPCM thickness optimization (1.2 cm) further reduces PV temperature by 3.33 % while improving electrical efficiency by 1.01 %. From an environmental perspective, the system achieves substantial CO₂ reductions, with Model 3 and the inclusion of C-MWCNTs/H₂O: 0.175 wt% nanofluid leading to a 32.29-ton decrease (+ 143.7 % improvement) over a 15-year period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into enhanced efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells through antimony doping","authors":"Luanhong Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Hua ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Lin ,&nbsp;Hao Zeng ,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the photovoltaic efficiency of flexible solar cells while maintaining their mechanical durability presents a significant challenge for flexible CZTSSe solar cells. In this paper, an innovative Sb doping approach is introduced to regulate defects, mitigating the significant open-circuit voltage loss attributed to defects and enhancing the mechanical stability of flexible solar cells. The crystal quality of CZTSSe absorber undergoes a noticeable improvement, without altering the original kesterite structure at a SbCl₃ concentration of 0.8 mol/L. The porosity and residual stress undergo a substantial reduction from 8.19 % to 2.18 % and −10.11 GPa to −3.84 GPa, respectively. Consequently, the CZTSSe/CdS heterojunction prepared on this basis exhibits optimal band matching, characterized by a conduction band offset (CBO) of −0.23 eV. The final structured flexible device demonstrates remarkable mechanical stability, maintaining over 90 % of its original efficiency, even after enduring 500 cycles of concave and convex bending. This methodology offers a suite of theoretical insights for the development of flexible copper-based solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}