Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Solar array power prediction of long endurance stratospheric aerostat using a hybrid model based on Blur Informer","authors":"Yiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingshuang Huang ,&nbsp;Yuyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhongzhen Jia ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Li ,&nbsp;Guoning Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stratospheric aerostat can operate in the stratosphere for months by utilizing solar power, making them a cost-effective platform for communication, Earth observation, meteorological data collection, and other applications. Accurate prediction of the power from solar arrays is crucial for stratospheric aerostat, as it determine the aerostat’s hovering time and load power levels. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model combining an enhanced physical model and a Blur Informer to predict solar array power of stratospheric aerostat. The shortcomings of existing research methods are the lack of consideration for the multi-peak characteristics of maximum power point tracking(MPPT) and the impact of tiny shadow effects. The proposed physical model in this paper will address these shortcomings. Additionally, a Blur Informer deep learning model is used to refine physical model’s error by capturing the impacts of posture change. The proposed model achieves the best results with lowest root mean square error(RMSE) and mean absolute error(MAE). Compared to the physical model, the hybrid model improved accuracy by 9.74%, and the accuracy of Blur Informer is also at least 21.7% higher than that of Informer and other time series forecasting models. The hybrid model proposed is applicable to spherical stratospheric aerostat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards solar metallurgy: Iron ore reduction by ammonia under concentrated light flux","authors":"Marion Luu ,&nbsp;Bastien Sanglard ,&nbsp;Sébastien Lachaize,&nbsp;Julian Carrey","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron and steelmaking are responsible for around 7% of global CO₂ emissions. The use of fossil fuels to provide both the heat needed to reduce iron ore into iron and the reducing agent is the principal cause of these emissions. Here, we focus on an alternative pathway for direct iron ore reduction using concentrated light power as the heat source and ammonia as the reducing gas. Experiments were performed on industrial iron ore pellets and compared to the ones obtained using hydrogen as a reducer. We showed that below 600 °C, reduction with ammonia proceeds via iron nitrides formation. Reduction dynamics is slower for ammonia for short exposure times but is rapidly caught up, so that reduction ratios as high as the ones obtained for hydrogen are observed. Notably, degrees of reduction exceeding 90% in 5 min were obtained on disks cut from industrial iron ore pellets. This work therefore opens a promising route towards ammonia-based solar metallurgy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-guided analysis of CIGS solar cell efficiency: Deep learning classification and feature importance evaluation","authors":"A. Maoucha ,&nbsp;T. Berghout ,&nbsp;F. Djeffal ,&nbsp;H. Ferhati","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing sensitivity of thin-film solar cells to variations in design parameters is becoming more pronounced with ongoing advancements in material science and device engineering. Even minor deviations in these parameters can significantly impact the performance of the solar cell devices. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of such variations is crucial to advancing the efficiency and reliability of thin-film solar cell technology. This paper presents an innovative design methodology by combining numerical simulations with Machine Learning (ML) techniques to explore and analyze the critical design parameters of CIGS thin-film solar cells. Specifically, accurate numerical simulations, incorporating defects and appropriate charge transport mechanisms in different layers, are utilized to simulate the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The study thoroughly examines the effects of design parameter variations and the role of high-efficiency absorber and buffer layer materials on energy conversion performance. Several ML algorithms are employed to evaluate and classify the most influential design parameters impacting key figures of merit, such as power conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage (V_OC), and short-circuit current density (J_SC). The results highlight the significant impact of the buffer and absorber layers properties on the overall efficiency. These parameters are also crucial for predicting and optimizing PCE. Furthermore, ML models are leveraged to identify the optimal design parameters for maximizing each Figure-of-merit (FoM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device modeling and numerical analysis of lead-free MASnI3/Ca3AsI3 based perovskite solar cells with over 38% efficiency","authors":"Md. Earshad Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Mahfuzul Haque ,&nbsp;Sheikh Hasib Cheragee","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research proposes an innovative model for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of PSC technology. The interest in perovskite absorbers in solar cells is increasing everyday due to its superior optical features, enhanced performance, lightweight characteristics, and cost efficiency. In this study, a double-absorber organic–inorganic PSC based on MASnI₃/Ca₃AsI₃ has been developed, using MASnI₃ as the upper-layer absorber and Ca₃AsI₃ as the lower-layer absorber. The primary objective of the research is to select appropriate materials for the hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL), and back-connect metal. We achieved significant results in the structure of FTO/SnS₂/MASnI₃/Ca₃AsI_3/CuO/Au by optimizing temperature, thickness, defect density, back contact work function, and the shallow acceptor density of the top absorber. Our proposed structure has achieved an open circuit voltage of 1.2559 V, a fill factor of 89.88 %, a short-circuit current of 34.3025 mA/cm², and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 38.72 %. The device provides this optimal PV output at a temperature of 300 K, with a thickness of 0.860 µm for the MASnI₃ absorber and 0.350 µm for the Ca₃AsI₃ absorber. The materials used in this study are less toxic and more environmentally friendly compared to lead or other heavy materials, indicating a promising direction for sustainable PSC fabrication. Overall, this research paves the way for the development of new technologies and their successful implementation in various solar energy contexts, ensuring more effective and eco-friendly solutions for a brighter future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 113309"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of a mass flow determination in Concentrated solar systems via collector defocusing using Time-of-Flight method","authors":"Thomas Kraft,&nbsp;Gregor Bern,&nbsp;Sayra Gomez,&nbsp;Werner Platzer","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An optimized mass flow distribution of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and its understanding are essential for an effective solar field operation in a concentrated solar thermal (CST) system. Typically, the flow of HTF through a solar field of linear concentrating collectors is divided into different loops and the flow rate in different loops may differ. While the mass flow distribution aims for a constant and high outlet temperature from the solar field, valuable insights into the efficiency of individual loops can be deduced from the mass flow distribution itself. Nevertheless, a spatially high-resolution measurement of mass flow in the solar field is typically not yet implemented. This paper demonstrates that the mass flow of a loop can be determined by briefly focusing and defocusing individual collectors and thus without additional measurement equipment as needed for common measurements. For this purpose, a measurement campaign with over 100 individual experiments was conducted at the Evora Molten Salt Platform (EMSP) test facility. Based on the resulting thermal step response and its measurement considering various temperature sensors, the mass flow of the test loop was determined using the Time-of-Flight (ToF) method, yielding a mean deviation of less than 5% compared to the mass flow measured by mass flow meters and a high precision with a mean standard deviation of 0.3% for multiple measurements under identical conditions. Therefore, this method offers a high potential for enhanced early fault detection of loops or individual collectors with reduced efficiency as well as improved predictive maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic design and evaluation of charge transport layers for high-efficiency lead-free BeSiP2-based perovskite solar cells: A careful examination into electron and hole transport layers","authors":"Md. Shamim Reza ,&nbsp;Avijit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Md. Selim Reza ,&nbsp;Sabina Sultana ,&nbsp;Nasser S. Awwad ,&nbsp;Huriyyah A. Alturaifi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research looks into a new, eco-friendly way to make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that uses a lead-free BeSiP₂ absorber layer. Similar to their lead-based counterparts, silicon-based perovskites have important optoelectronic properties, such as a high absorption coefficient and a long carrier diffusion length. We investigated four electron transport layers (ETLs-IGZO, PCBM, TiO₂, and WS₂), three-hole transport layers (HTLs-CuI, CuO, and CBTS), and three device configurations to find the optimum structure by SCAPS-1D simulator. The Al/FTO/IGZO/BeSiP₂/CuI/Au, Al/FTO/IGZO/BeSiP₂/CuO/Au, and Al/FTO/IGZO/BeSiP₂/CBTS/Au are considered as Devices-I, II, and III. The proposed PSC architecture consists of Al/FTO/IGZO/BeSiP₂/CBTS/Au, where CBTS acts as the HTL and indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) serves as the ETL. CBTS is recognized for its inexpensive cost and superior electrical conductivity, which facilitate effective hole transfer. Including IGZO as the ETL guarantees effective electron transport because of its crystalline structure’s compatibility with BeSiP₂, while minimizing defects of the interface, making it a crucial element of the layout. Important variables like acceptor density and absorber layer thickness are tuned, along with a thorough examination of the density of the defect, defects of the interface at the ETL/absorber and HTL/absorber, and series and shunt resistances. By meticulously adjusting these parameters, the solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.97 %, an open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.063 V, a short circuit current density (J_SC) of 34.44 mA/cm², and a fill factor (FF) exceeding 87.33 % among the visible range of the light spectrum, underscoring the potential of this efficient, sustainable, and economical solar cell alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shading-loss enhancement of high-density photovoltaic shingled module for urban building applications","authors":"Juhwi Kim,&nbsp;Jaesung Bae,&nbsp;Rakhyun Jeong,&nbsp;Jaehyeong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In shingled photovoltaic (PV) modules, solar cells are separated and connected in series using electrically conductive adhesives (ECA). Shingled strings, made up of strips of cells connected in series, are designed with high voltage and low current characteristics, reducing resistance losses and enabling the production of highly efficient photovoltaic modules with lower spatial losses compared to conventional PV modules. However, this approach has the drawback of increased susceptibility to shading, as it uses smaller segmented solar cell strips in the separation process compared to the typical strings of conventional PV modules. In urban buildings, shading is common and therefore shading issues need to be addressed. The proposed string cross-connection method involved tying one or two shingled strings together and arranging them crosswise. When 25% of the bottom surface of the module was shaded, the current was bypassed by bypass diode, reducing the output to 52% for the conventional string interconnection method. However, the novel method resulted in bypassing at 41.6% shading and improved the output degradation rate by approximately 17% when the same area was shaded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113193"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective intrinsic charge carrier correction for interface charge transfer modeling of perovskite solar cells in dark conditions","authors":"J.A. Jiménez-Tejada ,&nbsp;M. García-Rosell ,&nbsp;O. Almora ,&nbsp;P. López-Varo","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling the transport at the interfaces between the charge-transport-layer (CTL) and the perovskite is essential to describe the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whose electrical response is driven by dual ionic and electronic transport. This ionic-electronic transport promotes peculiar capacitive behaviors, such as the case of dark current–voltage hysteresis experiments with a strong dependence on the CTL. In this work, we develop a simulation model based on the drift–diffusion differential equations with a specific treatment of the interfaces. We model the perovskite/CTL (pvk/CTL) interface as a buffer region in which band-to-band or Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination take place. This buffer region has its own effective bandgap energy and layer thickness. Moreover, current leakages are incorporated in the simulation in order to achieve a similar order of magnitude to that measured in experimental current densities. Our model is tested with dark current–voltage experiments, and a similar trend is observed between the medium/high frequency hysteresis in the experimental and simulated current–voltage curves. We highlight the importance of considering material modifications in interface recombination models to interpret experimental hysteresis and to quantify the role of selective contacts in the electrical response of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental evaluation of an advanced solar evaporator pilot plant during the summer season","authors":"Joan Tarragona ,&nbsp;Joel Nadal-Bach ,&nbsp;Sandra Meca ,&nbsp;Frederic Clarens ,&nbsp;Miquel Rovira","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial sector generates significant volumes of wastewater during specific processes, necessitating the treatment of resulting by-products. Conventional disposal methods typically involve open evaporation ponds. However, these ponds present environmental challenges such as land occupation and soil contamination, while their reliance on weather conditions for evaporation rates remains uncontrollable. To address these issues, this study presents the design, construction, and experimental evaluation of an innovative evaporation pond called the advanced solar evaporator. This system features a closed pond with a transparent cover and forced ventilation. A pilot plant with these characteristics was established in La Puebla de Cazalla (Spain), where various cover materials and air renewal strategies were assessed to determine the technology’s potential. Results indicate that glass outperformed polycarbonate as a cover material under the same operational conditions, achieving up to a 26% increase in evaporation. Given the hot and arid climate of the pilot plant location, continuous fan operation became a key factor to align with the evaporation rates seen in open ponds. With uninterrupted air circulation, the pond featuring a glass cover showcased a remarkable 3% increase in evaporation compared to the open pond, even in the face of highly favourable weather conditions for the latter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing inclined solar still performance for effective desalination: A comparative study on combination of bamboo wick and metal energy storage materials","authors":"P. Anburaj ,&nbsp;R. Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;R. Vignesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Jayanta Chanda ,&nbsp;Y. Aboobucker Parvez","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide, water scarcity is a serious environmental issue. Solar stills offer a better solution for these environmental problems, with low cost and low environmental impact compared to RO and thermal desalination, wastewater recycling, and atmospheric water generators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy, productivity, and exergy efficiency of inclined solar still using a combination of several energy storage materials, including mild steel, cast iron, and copper, with bamboo wick material. The study uses several cases, including Case 1: Conventional ISS; Case 2: ISS with Bamboo Wick Material; Case 3: ISS with Bamboo and Mild Steel; Case 4: ISS with Bamboo and Cast Iron; and Case 5: ISS with Bamboo Material and Copper Energy Storage Material, to compare and determine the best performance. According to study findings, Case 5 outperforms all other cases examined regarding water productivity, energy, and exergy efficiency. Case 5 achieved the highest cumulative productivity of 4953 ml, which is higher than the other cases by 53.8, 41.2, 26.7, and 10.1 %. The maximum average efficiency attained is 53.6 % by case 5. In comparison to cases 1, 2, 3, and 4, case 5′s average energy efficiency is 49.5, 31.3, 19.3, and 8 % higher; in addition, case 5′s average exergy efficiency is 132.9, 56.4, 22.1, and 8 % higher. According to an economic analysis of inclined solar stills, distilled water costs 0.023$ per litre. An economic and environmental analysis of inclined solar stills has been conducted and the findings indicate that the ISS with case 5 is 1.21 times more efficient than the conventional ISS system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}