Urban photovoltaics reshape radiative–convective fluxes and cooling energy demand in cities

IF 6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
Hamza Nisar , Mattheos Santamouris , Christophe Menezo , Ansar Khan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rapid urbanization and transition to renewable energy are driving the adoption of rooftop photovoltaic solar panels (RPVSPs) to meet local energy demands. While their potential for clean energy generation is well-recognized, their broader impacts on urban microclimates, building energy consumption, and system performance remain poorly understood. This study examines the effects of RPVSPs on urban temperatures, energy balances, and cooling demand in Lyon, France, using high-resolution simulations with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that citywide installation of RPVSPs increase daytime temperatures by up to 0.72 °C, primarily because RPVSPs have a lower albedo compared to conventional rooftop surfaces, which leads to increased solar heat absorption and enhanced thermal convection between the panels and the underlying roof surfaces. This elevates the net sensible heat flux to the urban atmosphere during the daytime. Conversely, the nocturnal cooling of up to −0.42 °C results from radiative heat losses facilitated by the air gap and reduced thermal storage in RPVSPs covered roofs, enabling more efficient surface cooling after sunset. This dual thermal behavior reflects the RPVSPs influence on altering both the radiative and convective energy fluxes at the urban surface. While these effects may not exceed the cooling capacity of dedicated reflective or radiative cooling materials, the innovation in our study lies in quantifying the net thermal impact of real-world RPVSPs deployment at an urban scale. This dimension remains inadequately addressed in existing literature for temperate cities, especially in terms of balancing energy production with local microclimatic alterations. Additionally, RPVSPs reduce roof surface temperatures, cutting daytime air conditioning (AC) demand by nearly 5 %, particularly in areas with high roof-to-surface ratios. Immediate RPVSPs utilization achieved 100 % at 25 % RPVSPs coverage, offsetting 26.8 % of AC demand. At 60 % RPVSPs coverage, utilization dropped to 91.2 % with a 59.9 % AC offset, but storage enabled 100 % utilization and a 50.1 % offset. At full (100 % RPVSPs) coverage, immediate utilization declined to 64.3 % with a 73.0 % AC offset, while storage restored 100 % utilization, achieving an 85.9 % AC offset. High-resolution simulations reveal that RPVSPs simultaneously alter urban radiative–convective fluxes and cooling energy demand, highlighting their dual role in shaping city climate and energy resilience. Such strategies are vital for creating sustainable, energy-efficient urban environments that optimize renewable energy use while ensuring thermal comfort and resilience.
城市光伏改变了城市的辐射对流通量和冷却能源需求
快速的城市化和向可再生能源的过渡推动了屋顶光伏太阳能电池板(rpvsp)的采用,以满足当地的能源需求。虽然它们在清洁能源发电方面的潜力已得到充分认识,但它们对城市小气候、建筑能耗和系统性能的更广泛影响仍知之甚少。本研究利用天气研究与预报(WRF)模型的高分辨率模拟,考察了rpvsp对法国里昂城市温度、能量平衡和制冷需求的影响。结果表明,在城市范围内安装rpvsp可使白天温度升高0.72°C,这主要是因为与传统屋顶表面相比,rpvsp具有较低的反照率,从而增加了太阳能吸热,增强了面板与下伏屋顶表面之间的热对流。这提高了白天城市大气的净感热通量。相反,夜间降温高达- 0.42°C,这是由于空气间隙造成的辐射热损失和rpvsp覆盖的屋顶的热储存减少,从而在日落后实现更有效的表面冷却。这种双重热行为反映了rpvsp对城市地表辐射和对流能量通量的影响。虽然这些影响可能不会超过专用反射或辐射冷却材料的冷却能力,但我们研究的创新之处在于量化了在城市规模上部署实际rpvsp的净热影响。在温带城市的现有文献中,特别是在平衡能源生产与当地小气候变化方面,这一维度仍然没有得到充分解决。此外,rpvsp降低了屋顶表面温度,减少了近5%的日间空调(AC)需求,特别是在屋顶与地面比高的地区。在25%的rpvsp覆盖率下,即时rpvsp利用率达到100%,抵消了26.8%的交流需求。在rpvsp覆盖60%的情况下,利用率下降到91.2%,交流补偿为59.9%,但存储实现了100%的利用率和50.1%的补偿。在完全(100% rpvsp)覆盖下,立即利用率下降到64.3%,交流电补偿为73.0%,而存储恢复了100%的利用率,交流电补偿为85.9%。高分辨率模拟表明,rpvsp同时改变城市辐射对流通量和冷却能源需求,突出了它们在塑造城市气候和能源弹性方面的双重作用。这样的策略对于创造可持续、节能的城市环境至关重要,既能优化可再生能源的使用,又能确保热舒适性和弹性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Solar Energy
Solar Energy 工程技术-能源与燃料
CiteScore
13.90
自引率
9.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
47 days
期刊介绍: Solar Energy welcomes manuscripts presenting information not previously published in journals on any aspect of solar energy research, development, application, measurement or policy. The term "solar energy" in this context includes the indirect uses such as wind energy and biomass
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