Solar Energy最新文献_第7页

Perovskite solar cells: Progress, challenges, and future avenues to clean energy

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113205

Mohsin Afroz , Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh , Swapnil Srivastava , Jay Singh

{"title":"Perovskite solar cells: Progress, challenges, and future avenues to clean energy","authors":"Mohsin Afroz , Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh , Swapnil Srivastava , Jay Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a viable photovoltaic technology, with significant improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the past decade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress, challenges, and future prospects of PSCs. Historical milestones, including unique properties of perovskite materials, device design advancements and perovskite composition optimization, are discussed. The paper explores the fundamental aspects of perovskites, such as their crystal structures, fabrication techniques, from solution-based methods to vapor deposition methods and strategies like band gap tuning and tandem solar cell designs to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit. Challenges related to stability, scalability, and degradation mechanisms are critically analyzed, with emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic instability factors and mitigation strategies, considering the effects of environmental stressors and encapsulation techniques. Finally, the review concludes by outlining future research directions and the potential of PSCs to revolutionize the photovoltaic industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indium-less and indium-free inverted perovskite solar cells using sputtered tin oxide transparent electrodes

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113235

Buchao Chen , Lingen Yao , Zerong Li , Chuan Li , Weiyan Wang , Jing Zhang , Huahang Lai , Zhizhong Yuan

{"title":"Indium-less and indium-free inverted perovskite solar cells using sputtered tin oxide transparent electrodes","authors":"Buchao Chen , Lingen Yao , Zerong Li , Chuan Li , Weiyan Wang , Jing Zhang , Huahang Lai , Zhizhong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indium-based transparent electrodes are widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the limited supply and high cost of rare indium may become an obstacle in the rapid development of PSCs. In this work, indium-less or indium-free inverted PSCs were prepared using sputtered antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) films instead of indium tin oxide (ITO) films as front transparent electrodes. ATO films exhibited a carrier concentration, mobility, and average visible light transmittance of 1.88 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, 3.38 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s, and 82.64 %, respectively. The inverted PSCs using 165 nm ITO, 140 nm ATO/25 nm ITO, and 280 nm ATO transparent electrodes exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.96 %, 19.73 %, and 17.20 %, respectively. In other words, the decrease in PCE was 5.9 % and 17.9 % for indium-less and indium-free PSCs, respectively, compared with the reference indium-based PSC. Further improving the electrical conductivity of ATO films can mitigate the PCE decline. Furthermore, both the thermal and humidity stability of PSCs with ITO, ATO/ITO, and ATO transparent electrodes improved in sequence. After heating at 85℃ for 400 h, the devices with ITO, ATO/ITO, and ATO electrodes retained 57.6 %, 63.3 %, and 65.7 % of their initial efficiency, respectively. After exposure to 30 ± 10 RH% for 800 h, PSCs with ITO, ATO/ITO, and ATO electrodes retained 46.6 %, 56.0 %, and 60.5 % of their initial efficiency, respectively. The improved stability was mainly attributed to less increase in both device defect density and electrode sheet resistance. The first demonstration of indium-less or indium-free inverted PSCs provides a strategy for the sustainable development of PSCs industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical stability analysis of flexible perovskite solar cells via opto-electro-mechanical simulation

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113211

Boyan Li, Haoyang Wu, Yichu Zheng

{"title":"Mechanical stability analysis of flexible perovskite solar cells via opto-electro-mechanical simulation","authors":"Boyan Li, Haoyang Wu, Yichu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As emerging next-generation photovoltaics, the performance of flexible perovskite solar cells has been extensively studied. However, the in-depth understanding of mechanical stability and corresponding fatigue life of each layer still lags behind. In this work, an opto-electro-mechanical simulation is performed to investigate the effect of mechanical behaviors on both optoelectronic characteristics and device stability under bending deformation. The formation of fractures and energy accumulation of each layer in device, which affect their fatigue life, are analyzed systematically and quantitatively. For n-i-p configuration, Young’s modulus of electron transport layer and perovskite, as well as the deposition position of the metal layer, play a decisive role in mechanical stability. Among them, perovskite layer with small Young’s modulus is more conducive to prolonging device lifetime, while electron transport layer needs to make a trade-off between bearing greater stress on itself and causing greater energy accumulation to perovskite. Furthermore, the interface between electron transport layer and perovskite where cracks generate and penetrate deep into perovskite, is the main position limiting overall device fatigue life. The findings shed light on mechanical stability with respect to fatigue life, which draws significant conclusions for the design of stable flexible perovskite solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-mining and machine learning based search for optimal materials for perovskite and organic solar cells

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113223

Nafees Ahmad , Mahmoud A.A. Ibrahim , Shaban R.M. Sayed , Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah , Mudassir Hussain Tahir , Yingping Zou

引用次数: 0

Comparing measurements and simulations using an adjustable high-alpine photovoltaic array

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113228

Michael Wild, Dionis Anderegg, Lukas Bernhard, Sven Strebel, Jürg Rohrer

{"title":"Comparing measurements and simulations using an adjustable high-alpine photovoltaic array","authors":"Michael Wild, Dionis Anderegg, Lukas Bernhard, Sven Strebel, Jürg Rohrer","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the design, commissioning, validation, and operation of a highly adjustable, fully automatic miniaturized multi-row high-alpine photovoltaic array, installed at an altitude of around 2’500 m. asl. in Davos, Switzerland. The 1:12-scaled field consists of three rows of seven back-to-back monofacial panels each (virtually bifacial), capable of independently and quickly varying row spacing, module angle, and ground slope angle within considerable boundaries. This allows to simultaneously record the real-world performance of a wide range of plant configurations at decently short intervals. A co-located full-size static PV installation featuring mono- and bifacial modules at differing inclinations is used to validate the measurement accuracy. The results are compared to state-of-the-art yield estimate simulations using the commercial software PVsyst. During the first experimental campaign in the winter half-year 2023/24, we observed higher than expected real-world yields (by 7 to 16%), likely caused by an underestimation of the Albedo in snow-covered surrounding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Online keeping control of a grid-tied PV inverter under abnormal grid voltage and frequency based on a boundedness indicator

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113168

Yeqin Wang , Cui Wang , Sanka Liyanage

{"title":"Online keeping control of a grid-tied PV inverter under abnormal grid voltage and frequency based on a boundedness indicator","authors":"Yeqin Wang , Cui Wang , Sanka Liyanage","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, two targets of a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverter are investigated: 1) The grid-tied PV inverter always remains online even under abnormal grid voltage or frequency; 2) And it does not deliver power to ac grid when ac grid is abnormal. To achieve such targets, an online keeping control method for the grid-tied PV inverter is proposed under either abnormal grid voltage or frequency. The control system design is based on a boundedness indicator of ac grid, where the boundedness indicator is the combination of a voltage indicator and a frequency indicator through two bounded filters. The boundedness indicator is further introduced into the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the PV voltage setting, and the PV voltage regulation. Through the proposed design, the grid-tied PV inverter can have normal operation with maximum power acquisition, when both grid voltage and frequency are within predefined ranges. And it stops to deliver real power to ac grid when either grid voltage or frequency is out of the predefined range. The grid-tied PV inverter can continuously connect to ac grid to have good fault ride-through capability, when solar resource is available. The proposed design is validated through both experimental and simulation investigations of a dual-stage grid-tied PV inverter with smooth transients between normal operation and grid fault operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of robust chemical oxidants induced by solar-light radiation over binary Bi12O17Cl2/Ag2CrO4 photocatalyst with Type I heterojunction: Enrofloxacin degradation activity

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113216

Zaid H. Jabbar , Bassim H. Graimed , Ayah A. Okab , Saad H. Ammar , Mohammed A. Hussein , Ali Majdi

{"title":"Generation of robust chemical oxidants induced by solar-light radiation over binary Bi12O17Cl2/Ag2CrO4 photocatalyst with Type I heterojunction: Enrofloxacin degradation activity","authors":"Zaid H. Jabbar , Bassim H. Graimed , Ayah A. Okab , Saad H. Ammar , Mohammed A. Hussein , Ali Majdi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, silver chromate (Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>) plates were combined with the Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> microsphere by a facial sonication treatment to establish a Type I heterojunction photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> hybrids was explored in proportion to the efficiency of photodegradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) antibiotic under the visible LED and direct solar illumination. After only 60 min, the Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>-50 % photocatalyst sample demonstrated high degradation (85.5 %) towards ENR compared with bare Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (41.8 %) and Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> (52.7 %). Further, the Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst achieved sustainable antibiotic mitigation over 71.6 % of ENR destruction under 60 min of direct solar radiation. The assembled Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> heterostructure could motivate photocatalytic efficiency by boosting redox capability, endorsing visible-light harvesting and active sites, reinforcing durability, and promoting the splitting of photo-created charges. Besides, the Type I mechanism of electrons/holes transfer pathway has been demonstrated, and the results showed prominent role of h<sup>+</sup> oxidant and subordinate influence of <sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and <sup>•</sup>OH in ENR decomposition. Ultimately, the motivation of solar responsive catalysts, like Bi<sub>12</sub>O<sub>17</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> heterojunction, may assist in developing the catalytic sector and sustainable environmental restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of tilt angle effect on a Direct Steam Generation solar receiver

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113215

Israël Aguilera-Cortes, Adrien Toutant, Samuel Mer

{"title":"Numerical investigation of tilt angle effect on a Direct Steam Generation solar receiver","authors":"Israël Aguilera-Cortes, Adrien Toutant, Samuel Mer","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct steam generation (DSG), which is currently gaining renewed interest in concentrated solar power technologies, offers several advantages, such as reducing the number of components in the plant and lowering operating costs by replacing conventional heat transfer fluids — usually synthetic oils or molten salts — with water. However, it also introduces certain complexities due to the two-phase flow in the receiver. In horizontal receivers, gravity tends to separate the two phases, generating a stratified flow regime. In this regime, steam transfers heat less efficiently, causing the upper part of the receiver to overheat and creating significant temperature gradients within the receiver. These gradients can lead to fatigue and reduce the lifespan of components. Therefore, predicting flow regimes is crucial for the design and operation of solar power plants. In pursuit of this objective, we are developing a 3D transient modeling tool using the NEPTUNE_CFD and Syrthes software to account for the two-phase flow dynamic and coupled heat transfers within the receiver. Simulations, based on a 67m long receiver module from the eLLO plant, study the influence of the receiver’s inclination and the distribution of concentrated solar flux on the receiver’s performance. The results show that flux distribution mainly affects the temperature distribution in the solid but does not impact steam production. Flow regimes are strongly influenced by the receiver’s inclination. Downward configurations promote steam production at the cost of greater temperature gradients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arc fault localization based on time-frequency characteristics of currents in photovoltaic systems

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113221

Yu Meng , Haowen Yang , Silei Chen , Qi Yang , Runkun Yu , Xingwen Li

{"title":"Arc fault localization based on time-frequency characteristics of currents in photovoltaic systems","authors":"Yu Meng , Haowen Yang , Silei Chen , Qi Yang , Runkun Yu , Xingwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of direct current (DC) distribution systems, the increasing line length makes the maintenance more difficult and the arc fault localization becomes an urgent issue. In this paper, an arc fault localization algorithm is proposed in photovoltaic systems with different loads and current levels. Firstly, based on the affine time–frequency analysis method, the proposed arc fault detection feature can accurately identify arc faults and normal states. The interference of the line impedance on arc fault detection features is studied and used to construct the arc fault localization feature. Meanwhile, due to the randomness of the arc fault, the arc fault localization feature needs to be smoothed and normalized before it can be effectively used. Then, the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) model is applied to predict arc fault position. The time-series generative adversarial networks method helps achieve data augmentation and improve the model accuracy. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied on the Raspberry Pi 4b and tested online on the arc fault experimental platform. The arc fault detection accuracy reaches 100 % and the localization error is not more than 4.03 % under the condition of 0–80 m line length. The entire detection and localization time is less than 1 s, which meets the UL1699B standard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental study on increasing the productivity of novel conical solar distillers with flat and egg steel trays basins: Energy, exergy, and exergo-economic evaluation

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113258

Mohammed El Hadi Attia , K. Harby , Badr H. Bedairi , Mohamed Abdelgaied

{"title":"An experimental study on increasing the productivity of novel conical solar distillers with flat and egg steel trays basins: Energy, exergy, and exergo-economic evaluation","authors":"Mohammed El Hadi Attia , K. Harby , Badr H. Bedairi , Mohamed Abdelgaied","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The productivity of solar distillers should be improved, especially in water-stressed regions, to address the shortage of drinking water. In this study, experimental work was conducted to augment the performance of conical solar stills using innovatively shaped water basins. Flat and egg trays made of stainless steel were designed and used as basins for conical solar distillers. The corrugated surface of the egg-shaped steel tray basin increases the absorption area of incident solar radiation and thus enhances convective heat transfer rates and improves water evaporation and productivity. Three conical distillers (having the same dimensions and made of the same materials) were designed and tested under the same atmospheric conditions. The first distiller is the conventional without any modification (CCSD), the second is the modified distiller with flat steel tray basin (CSD-FST), and the third is the modified distiller with an egg steel trays basin (CSD-EST). The performance, economics, and payback time of the modified distillates are evaluated and compared with that of the reference distiller and with other relevant studies. The findings showed that the highest performance was provided by the modified conical distillers with egg steel tray, followed by flat steel traybasin, and finally with CCSD. The productivity of the modified distillers with flat (5465.13 ml/m<sup>2</sup>day) and egg (7145.95 ml/m<sup>2</sup>day) steel trays basins were improved by 16.81 and 52.73 %, respectively. The thermal and exergy efficiency of the modified distillers with flat and egg steel traysbasins were improved by 17.40 and 58.30 % and 39.41 and 131.46 %, respectively. The freshwater cost and payback period of the modified distiller with egg steel tray basin enhanced by 18.89 % and 29.58 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0