Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced performance in GaAs-based hybrid solar cells using response surface methodology-optimized moth-eye ETFE coating","authors":"Jiaying Chen ,&nbsp;Chaoying Guo ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yufan Cai ,&nbsp;Xi Deng ,&nbsp;Wenliang Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Xue ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light reflection at the surface of solar cells (SCs) significantly limits their efficiency by reducing the amount of incident light available for energy conversion. This study introduces a novel anti-reflective, moisture-resistant ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film with a moth-eye nanostructure as both an encapsulation layer and anti-reflective coating for GaAs-based hybrid solar cells. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize nanostructural parameters, a minimum average reflectance of 6.7 % across a broad spectrum (300–900 nm) and a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.97 % in the<!--> <!-->simulation were achieved. Fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL), the ETFE film improved the PCE to 14.60 % and enhanced stability, maintaining 79 % of initial efficiency after 7 days in moderate humidity (66 % RH). This dual-functional design addresses both optical and environmental challenges in hybrid solar cells. The preliminary humidity resistance and scalable fabrication suggest its potential, though long-term durability requires further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional sun drying and infrared convective drying of spices: A comparative evaluation on kinetics and quality","authors":"P.V. Alfiya,&nbsp;E. Jayashree,&nbsp;K.V. Theertha","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to compare the drying of turmeric slices and mace under conventional open sun drying and novel infrared convective drying methods. Moisture content of turmeric slices was decreased from 76.5 ± 0.51 % w. b. to 7.2 ± 0.84 % w.b within 9 and 6 h under open sun drying (OSD) and infrared convective (IRC) drying, respectively. Drying time for mace under open sun and infrared convective drying were 12 and 7 h, respectively to decrease the moisture content from 55.62 ± 0.71 to 8.3 ± 0.21 %. The drying rate of turmeric under OSD and IRC were 1.2 and 3.47 gwater/gdm.h, respectively. OSD and IRC dried mace exhibited drying rates of 0.97 and 2.52 water/gdm.h, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity during OSD and IRC drying of turmeric slices were 4.6 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s and 3.16 × 10⁻⁷ m²/s, respectively. Mace showed effective moisture diffusivities of 1.95 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s and 2.47 × 10⁻⁷ m²/s during OSD and IRC, respectively. Essential oil and oleoresin contents of turmeric slices under infrared convective drying were determined to be 6.8 % and 13.98 %, respectively. Infrared convective drying of mace obtained the values of essential oil and oleoresin contents as 7.1 % and 12.8 %, respectively. Mace under open sun drying exhibited values of 6.7 % and 11.12 % for essential oil and oleoresin, respectively. The study concluded that the nutritional components were more preserved in OSD as compared to IRC drying. The research also provides a roadmap for development of a hybrid solar-infrared dryer that can reduce the drying time with improved product quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113396"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of solar thermal technologies in Mexican industries for heating processes and their contribution against global warming: An overview","authors":"J.F. Ituna-Yudonago ,&nbsp;O. García-Valladares ,&nbsp;N.M. Ortiz-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;J. Ibarra-Bahena ,&nbsp;Y.R. Galindo-Luna","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to give a general overview of the applications of solar thermal technologies in Mexican industries for heating processes and their contribution against global warming. An inventory was conducted in the period from 2001 to 2022 on the types of industries and industrial heating processes driven by solar thermal technologies, the types of solar thermal technologies used and their installed capacity. Analyzes of the inventory results have been made to know the solar thermal technologies used, the energy savings due to the use of these technologies and their impact on the environment. The results show that, out of 521,744 manufacturing industries in Mexico, only 92 (0.0176 %) are using solar thermal technologies. About 77.71 % (12,732.75 kW_th) of solar thermal energy consumed in Mexican industries for the heating process comes from flat plate technology, 20.04 % (3,282.92 kW_th) from parabolic trough technology, and 2.25 % (369 kW_th) from evacuated tube technology. The total installed power capacity of solar thermal technologies for heating processes at the end of 2022 is about 16,384.67 kW_th, equivalent to an installed area of 34,868.87 m², at the end of 2022. Approximately 40.9 GWh (0.147 PJ) of annual energy savings in the industrial sector, which represents only 0.020 % of the industrial heat demand in Mexico (estimated at 742.98 PJ at the end of 2022) and CO₂ emission savings about 0.0141 %. A projection growth of solar thermal technologies in the Mexican industrial sector was carried out, and according with the results, the 2030 Mexican Government goal can be completed at 81 % if the annual growth rate of installed power capacity remains at 62 % from 2023 onwards. Therefore, new Government policies and economic stimulations must be adopted and implement, as well stimulated in the Mexican industrial sector the develop of innovative business models, such as Energy Performance Contracting (EPC), to reduce economic barriers for large-scale installations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113395"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid global wolf pack algorithm-based incremental conductance method under partial shading conditions","authors":"Wenwen Xiao,&nbsp;Na Dong,&nbsp;Kesen He","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation plays a crucial role in addressing energy shortages, promoting energy conservation, and reducing emissions. The efficiency and reliability of PV systems are enhanced by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology, which also helps to lower application costs. However, traditional MPPT methods often get trapped in local optima under partial shading, while intelligent methods fail to eliminate steady-state oscillations, causing unnecessary power losses. Therefore, a hybrid global wolf pack algorithm-based incremental conductance method (GWPA-FINC) is proposed to reduce oscillation along with improving the identification of the global maximum power point (GMPP) region under partial shading conditions. GWPA-FINC’s performance is evaluated in seven scenarios: static and dynamic partial shading (scenario 1 to scenario 4), scenarios of varying temperature (scenario 5 to scenario 7). A comparative analysis is conducted with Particle swarm optimization (PSO), gray wolf optimization (GWO), sand cat swarm optimization (SCSO), wolf pack algorithm (WPA) and global wolf pack algorithm (GWPA), focusing on steady-state oscillation. Across all experimental scenarios, the power oscillation reduction up to 92.37% and voltage oscillation reduction up to 95.86% are achieved, with a tracking efficiency of 99.99%. These results indicate that the proposed GWPA-FINC effectively addresses the GMPP optimization challenge, significantly enhancing both steady-state performance and system efficiency under shading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note of investigation on the impact of circumsolar radiation shading of photovoltaic modules","authors":"Xiaoshi Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Su ,&nbsp;Weisheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yong Sun ,&nbsp;Yisen Niu ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Jifeng Song ,&nbsp;Haifei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic modules (PVMs) experience reduced power generation when solar radiation is shaded outdoors. Solar radiation consists of solar disk and circumsolar radiation. Most solar radiation energy is concentrated in the solar disk. However, high aerosol concentration can shift some solar disk radiation to the circumsolar region. Under these conditions, circumsolar radiation shading becomes significant and should not be overlooked. This study experiments on circumsolar radiation shading under varying aerosol concentration. By recording irradiance, surface temperature distribution, and power changes, we found that under high circumsolar radiation, the photovoltaic output declined without distinct shadows forming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of unmanned ground vehicles for PV plant inspection","authors":"Benjamin Figgis,&nbsp;Sheikh Izzal Azid,&nbsp;David Parlevliet","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of utility-scale solar power plants, which can now have more than a million PV modules, has created the need for automated monitoring and inspection technologies. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs, or “drones”) have become widely used, especially for thermal infrared imaging, due to their falling cost, increasing technical capability, and ability to survey many modules quickly. However drones have certain limitations: they do not see the underside of PV arrays or balance-of-system equipment, it is difficult to hold a steady position for long- or repeated-exposure imaging, and operating permits can be onerous. In such cases unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs, or “robots”) can be advantageous for PV plant inspection. This paper reviews robot movement mechanisms (wheels, tracks and legs), types of PV faults for which they are suited, and their current status of use in commercial solar farms. Further, it examines typical obstacles to robot navigation in Australian solar farms. Key conclusions are that robots are likely to complement rather than replace drones for PV inspection, and are especially valuable for reducing fire risk by detecting hot-spots in electrical components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetrical A-DA′D-A–type electron transport materials with enhanced electron mobility and water-resistant interface for perovskite solar cells","authors":"Qian Guo,&nbsp;Quan-Song Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic small-molecule electron transport materials (ETMs) exhibit fantastic potential in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, the novel asymmetric naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives were designed by fused-ring engineering and end-group engineering based on the symmetric NDI-based E molecule. These asymmetric NDI derivatives are designed by tuning thiophene units (A1, A2, and A3), introducing heteroatoms into the donor (B1, B2), and introducing asymmetric end groups (C1, C2, and C3). Quantum chemical calculations show that the energy levels of ETMs match well with MAPbI₃. In addition, a strong linear correlation (R² &gt; 0.96) is observed between the LUMO energies, adiabatic electron affinities, and reorganization energies. Notably, the electron mobility of the asymmetric molecule B1 is enhanced by 16 times (0.851 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹) compared to the symmetric E molecule (0.053 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹). The calculation shows that the designed asymmetric molecules exhibit robust interaction with perovskite, and the Bader charge indicates enhanced electron injection from the perovskite to the ETM. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations verified that the asymmetric structure (A2 and C3) can effectively prevent water from invading the perovskite surface. This asymmetric molecular design strategy provides insights for designing novel ETM for high performance PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113409"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the solar spectrally selective absorption performance of anodic alumina photonic crystal films electrodeposited with cobalt and silver: Silver content dependence and the mechanisms","authors":"Hongyang Wei ,&nbsp;Qing Xu ,&nbsp;Dongchu Chen ,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degradation of performance at elevated temperatures is a common challenge encountered by anodic alumina solar spectrally selective absorption films. In this work, anodic alumina photonic crystal films sequentially electrodeposited with Co and Ag nano-particles were prepared. The photonic crystal structure of the anodic alumina part and the nano-particle morphology of the electrodeposited metals were characterized. The solar spectrally selective absorption properties of the films were investigated with respect to the electrodeposition time of Ag and thermal annealing history of the films. Moreover, the surface chemical states of the Co and Ag in these films were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The contents of the Ag electrodeposited into the films were increased approximately linearly with prolonging its electrodeposition time until 250 s and then leveled off. The properties of the films were moderately improved with increasing Ag content, while the degradation of the properties incurred by thermal annealing was substantially alleviated. Various species on the surface of the Co in the films with different thermal annealing histories were identified and quantified, with respect to which the Ag content dependence of the solar spectrally selective absorption performance of these films was explicated. The optimal Ag electrodeposition time was ascertained to be 250 s, corresponding to an Ag content of ∼ 0.25 mg/cm², by balancing the performance of the films and efficiency of the preparation process. The values of spectral selectivity of the resulting film were 7.75 and 5.80 before and after being annealed at 300 °C in air for 24 h, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-Driven additive Manufacturing: Design and development of a novel sustainable fabrication process","authors":"Angshuman Hazoary ,&nbsp;Manish Panwar ,&nbsp;Atul Singh Rajput ,&nbsp;Sajan Kapil","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Additive Manufacturing</em> (AM) is revolutionizing industries by enabling layer-by-layer fabrication of complex components. Among AM techniques, <em>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</em> (<em>LPBF</em>) is widely used but is energy-intensive, limiting its sustainability. This study explores the potential of concentrated solar energy as an alternative heat source for sintering <em>Thermoplastic Polyurethane</em> (<em>TPU</em>) in a solar-powered 3D printing process. A custom-designed solar 3D printer, equipped with stepper motors and an Arduino UNO for precise control, was utilized to evaluate critical process parameters such as feed rate, hatch spacing, and layer thickness. The results indicate that feed rate and hatch spacing are pivotal to energy density, directly influencing sintering quality. Optimal sintering occurred at feed rates between 100–200 mm/min, which provided sufficient energy for uniform layer fusion, balancing surface finish and mechanical strength. Larger feed rates resulted in incomplete sintering and weaker parts, while a hatch spacing of 1.67 mm offered efficient pass binding with reduced build time. The study successfully demonstrated the fabrication of multilayer <em>TPU</em> structures using solar energy, achieving mechanical properties comparable to conventional <em>LPBF</em> techniques. This solar-powered approach underscores the potential for integrating renewable energy into additive manufacturing, offering a sustainable alternative to laser-based systems. Future refinements, such as dynamic solar tracking and real-time parameter adjustments, could further enhance its industrial viability. By leveraging renewable energy, this research represents a significant step toward eco-friendly manufacturing solutions, reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint while maintaining high-quality outputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclostationary analysis for fault detection in PV inverters","authors":"Mohammed Telidjane ,&nbsp;Benaoumeur Bakhti","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) inverters is crucial for the stable operation of PV systems. Traditional fault detection methods based on time-domain or frequency-domain analysis often struggle with noise and disturbances, limiting their sensitivity and effectiveness. This paper presents a novel fault detection approach utilizing cyclostationary analysis to enhance the identification of transistor faults in PV inverters. By exploiting the cyclostationary properties of the inverter voltage signal, we decompose it into periodic and residual components to extract fault signatures. The cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF) is computed for the residual signal, revealing hidden periodicities linked to fault conditions. The proposed method is validated by modeling PV panels under various conditions using the Bishop model and analyzing the impact of transistor open-circuit and short-circuit faults on inverter performance. Comparative analysis reveals that CAF exhibits superior fault sensitivity compared to conventional root mean square (RMS) metrics, making it a promising tool for early and robust fault detection. This approach contributes to improving PV system reliability and maintenance efficiency, paving the way for advanced diagnostic techniques in power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}