Biomedical Microdevices最新文献

{"title":"Engineering Lung-on-a-chip microdevices for respiratory disease modelling and drug testing: A fit-for-purpose framework for design and translational validation.","authors":"Sum Yi Cheong, Trevors In Zen Liew, Chee Kin Wong, Xue Xin Teng, Xin Yee Cha, Nancy Choon-Si Ng, Rebecca Shin-Yee Wong, Bey Hing Goh","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00849-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-026-00849-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung-on-a-chip (LoAC) technology has emerged as a human-relevant microphysiological approach for respiratory disease modelling and preclinical drug evaluation. However, substantial variation in device architecture, membrane properties, fluidic conditions, mechanical actuation, cellular composition, sensing and manufacturing limits cross-platform comparison and translational confidence. This structured narrative review examines LoAC systems from a fit-for-purpose engineering perspective, emphasising how quantitative design parameters influence biological performance within defined contexts of use. Recent platforms demonstrate application-dependent trade-offs in membrane and interface design, flow and shear conditions, breathing-related strain, cellular complexity, analytical accessibility, scalability and reproducibility. Evidence from cancer, inhalation toxicology, infection and radiation-injury models further shows that engineering choices can alter barrier function, inflammatory responses, cellular differentiation and therapeutic sensitivity rather than merely improve physiological resemblance. To support practical assessment of translational readiness, we propose an evidence-gated framework comprising engineering verification, biological qualification, disease or pharmacological validation, human concordance, and deployment and regulatory readiness. Importantly, physiological resemblance is distinguished from demonstrated concordance with patient-derived or clinical data and, where required by the context of use, from clinically anchored predictive performance for therapeutic or toxicological outcomes. Translation will require predefined context-of-use (CoU) criteria, quantitative engineering specifications, appropriate reference comparators, clinically anchored benchmarking, quality-controlled manufacturing, standardised reporting and inter-laboratory reproducibility. Prioritising validated, fit-for-purpose performance over maximal complexity may provide a more credible pathway for advancing LoAC platforms toward reliable respiratory research, drug development and regulatory decision-support applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ERβ electrochemical nano-receptor sensor for comparative analysis of estrogenic ligands: electrochemical responses and molecular recognition.","authors":"Litu Liu, Dingqiang Lu, Chenyu Xu, Lihua Geng, Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai, Xiaohui Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00846-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-026-00846-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen plays essential roles in female physiological regulation, and its biological effects are primarily mediated through interactions with estrogen receptors. Excessive exposure to estrogenic compounds and their analogs may cause adverse biological effects and pose potential risks to human health. Therefore, elucidating the molecular recognition mechanisms between estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and estrogenic ligands is of great importance. In this study, an ERβ electrochemical nano-receptor sensor based on an Au-MoS₂/NiO nanocomposite was constructed for the quantitative determination of ten estrogenic compounds. To complement the electrochemical investigation, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the interaction mechanisms between ERβ and ligand molecules. The electrochemical measurements revealed ligand-dependent response characteristics, with synthetic estrogenic compounds generally producing stronger electrochemical responses than natural estrogens. The apparent electrochemical response constants (Ka) derived from electrochemical response fitting ranged from 5.63 × 10⁻¹⁶ to 3.08 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L. The computational analyses suggested that key amino acid residues (Leu339, Arg346, and His475) and phenolic groups of ligands contributed to ERβ-mediated molecular recognition. This study integrates receptor-mediated electrochemical sensing with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to establish an experimental-computational framework for comparative investigation of ERβ-ligand recognition mechanisms among structurally diverse estrogenic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of spin-coated multilayer surface-eroding implants for automated multi-pulse drug delivery.","authors":"Parker R Brewster, Katherine Nevils, Lilly Ates, Acelynn Sellers, Heath Stevens, Omayma Alazzam, Glenn M Walker, Thomas A Werfel","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00848-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00848-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medication nonadherence contributes to disease progression, avoidable hospitalization, and an estimated $100-300 billion in annual excess healthcare costs in the United States. Implants that encode a dosing schedule during fabrication offer an alternative to patient-dependent administration. Here we apply spin coating to build multilayer surface-eroding implants from cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and Pluronic F-127, stacking fluorescein-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) active layers between degradable CAP-Pluronic composite (CAPP) barrier layers whose thickness sets the interval between release events. Spin-curve calibration gave an inverse power-law dependence of thickness on rotational speed (R² = 0.979) from 436 ± 9 to 92 ± 4 μm. Against solvent-cast films produced from a necessarily different formulation at a matched 400 μm nominal target, spin coating reduced batch-to-batch standard deviation from approximately 34 to 2 μm and within-film standard deviation from 43-47 to 5-12 μm (n = 3 independently fabricated films per method); at a 100 μm target it reduced the maximum surface excursion below the mean plane, measured by atomic force microscopy, from 146.1 to 4.5 nm; confocal Raman mapping showed the standard deviation of the CAP/F-127 peak-height ratio falling from 2.91 to 0.77. Two device configurations, designated Q16 and Q72 after the approximately 16 and 72 h inter-pulse intervals they produced, each gave three discrete release events with near-baseline inter-pulse signal (n = 6 devices per condition).</p>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface modification of microfluidic oxygenator units with an antithrombin-heparin (ATH) covalent complex for enhanced anticoagulant function.","authors":"Siyuan Li, Darren Sandejas, Neda Saraei, Mohammadhossein Dabaghi, Helen M Atkinson, Gerhard Fusch, Niels Rochow, Christoph Fusch, P Ravi Selvaganapathy, Anthony K C Chan, John L Brash, Kyla N Sask","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00842-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-026-00842-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common complication affecting preterm and term neonates. To overcome issues caused by RDS, our group has developed an \"artificial placenta\" technology including a microfluidic lung assist device (LAD) built from single oxygenator units (SOUs). It is essential that the material surfaces within this system have reduced thrombogenicity when in contact with blood. In the present work, the surfaces of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic LAD were modified under flow conditions with an antithrombin-heparin covalent complex (ATH) using polydopamine (PDA) as a bio-adhesive. ATH uptake and stability on the surface were determined by radiolabelling and ATH heparin bioactivity was evaluated by measuring AT adsorption from plasma. ATH density on the surface was 0.21 ± 0.05 µg/cm² and the bound ATH was relatively stable in flowing blood with 76% remaining on the surface after two days. The specific heparin activity of the modified SOUs, in terms of AT adsorption from plasma, was 47.78 ± 10.63 ng/cm² compared to 11.56 ± 4.58 ng/cm² for PDMS-PDA SOUs, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of the ATH surface modification. The devices modified with ATH were resistant to clotting over a period of one hour in flowing plasma, and oxygen permeability was not compromised by the surface modifications. These results demonstrate that a previously developed PDA-ATH modification strategy can be translated from flat PDMS substrates to microfluidic SOUs under flow-based coating conditions, providing device-level anticoagulant function without measurably compromising membrane oxygen permeability under the conditions tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphysiological immune-on-chip systems: engineering human immunity for precision immunotherapy, vaccine development, and autoimmune disease modelling","authors":"Omkar Vishnu Daware,&nbsp;Chetana Krushna Belkare","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00845-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00845-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microphysiological immune-on-chip systems have emerged as transformative biomedical microdevices capable of recreating the structural, biochemical, and mechanical complexity of the human immune microenvironment under physiologically relevant conditions. By integrating microfluidics, biomaterials, tissue engineering, biosensing, and microelectromechanical systems technologies, these platforms enable dynamic investigation of immune cell behavior, intercellular communication, and host–pathogen interactions with unprecedented spatial and temporal precision. Compared with conventional two-dimensional cultures and animal models, immune-on-chip platforms provide superior physiological relevance, real-time monitoring, and enhanced predictive capability for evaluating immune responses. Recent advances have enabled the development of lymph node-, bone marrow-, thymus-, spleen-, and tumor immune microenvironment-on-chip models that support applications in immunotherapy screening, vaccine evaluation, autoimmune disease modelling, infectious disease research, and personalized medicine. Furthermore, the integration of embedded biosensors, high-content imaging, artificial intelligence-assisted analytics, and multi-organ microphysiological systems is accelerating the transition of these devices toward clinically relevant and patient-specific applications. Despite remarkable progress, challenges including standardization, immune system complexity, long-term cellular stability, manufacturing scalability, regulatory acceptance, and clinical validation continue to limit widespread adoption. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the engineering principles, fabrication strategies, and biological design of immune-on-chip systems, critically examines their current biomedical applications, discusses emerging technological innovations, and highlights the key translational challenges that must be addressed to realize next-generation precision immunology. By bridging advances in biomedical microdevices with immunological research, this review outlines future directions for developing robust, clinically translatable immune-on-chip platforms for precision diagnostics, therapeutic development, and personalized healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal CRISPR lipid nanoparticles targeting MAPK9 attenuate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury","authors":"Goknur Kara,&nbsp;Morgan Holcomb,&nbsp;Asmaa A. Hijazi,&nbsp;Yaqoob Ali,&nbsp;Jessica López-Espinosa,&nbsp;Leonardo Cruz-Pineda,&nbsp;Peter Park,&nbsp;Hannah Flinn,&nbsp;Noah Taylor,&nbsp;Tyler Galbraith,&nbsp;Lorna McMahon,&nbsp;Robert Rostomily,&nbsp;Fransisca Leonard,&nbsp;Sonia Villapol","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00843-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00843-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a sustained neuroinflammatory response involving activated microglia and infiltrating myeloid cells, contributing to secondary brain damage and long-term neurological dysfunction. Modulating these inflammatory responses toward a more reparative phenotype represents a promising therapeutic strategy, but achieving targeted delivery within the injured brain remains a major challenge. Here, we developed a targeted, non-viral gene-editing platform using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating CRISPR-Cas12a components directed against MAPK9, a key mediator of inflammatory signaling. LNPs were functionalized with an Iba-1 antibody to enhance targeting of Iba-1 + myeloid cells following intranasal administration. In primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and primary microglia, CRISPR-mediated MAPK9 targeting reduced MAPK9 expression and suppressed pro-inflammatory activation, decreasing iNOS, NLRP3, CD80, and CCL2 while increasing the anti-inflammatory/reparative markers CD206 and Arg1. In a mouse model of TBI, intranasally delivered Iba-1-targeted CRISPR-LNPs showed preferential association with Iba-1 + cells compared with NeuN+ neurons in the injured cortex and reduced MAPK9 expression within Iba-1 + cells. CRISPR-LNP treatment attenuated microglial/macrophage activation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and decreased iNOS+/Iba-1 + cells while increasing CD206+/Iba-1 + cells in the peri-contusional cortex, supporting a shift toward a less inflammatory phenotype. Treatment also exhibited a favorable safety profile, with no detectable toxicity in the major organs examined. Together, these findings demonstrate that intranasal delivery of Iba-1-targeted CRISPR-LNPs enables effective MAPK9 modulation in Iba-1 + myeloid cells within the injured brain and attenuates acute neuroinflammation following TBI. This non-invasive therapeutic platform provides a promising approach for targeted modulation of neuroinflammatory responses after brain injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10544-026-00843-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of photoresist SU-8 pyrolyzed carbon electrodes and their integration in a microfluidic hematocrit detection system","authors":"Hwi Yong Lee,&nbsp;Jessika A. Rogers,&nbsp;Chito Kendrick,&nbsp;Sanaz Habibi,&nbsp;Adrienne R. Minerick","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00838-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00838-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon microelectrodes are attractive for microfluidic biosensing due to their wide potential window, low overpotentials, chemical stability, and compatibility with low-cost microfabrication. Pyrolysis of photopatterned SU-8 offers a scalable route to carbon electrode fabrication; however, conventional two-step pyrolysis often leads to adhesion issues, geometric distortion, and limited surface area in low-aspect-ratio planar designs. These constraints restrict performance and broader adoption in analytical microdevices. Hematocrit determination, a clinically essential diagnostic measurement, requires electrodes with high reproducibility and robust electrochemical response. A simplified fabrication strategy that improves electrode surface area and performance while maintaining low-aspect-ratio planar geometries remains unresolved.</p><p>We developed a three-step pyrolysis protocol that enables fabrication of low-aspect-ratio planar SU-8–derived carbon electrodes with both micro- and millimeter-scale features while improving structural integrity and surface morphology. The electrodes were integrated into a PDMS-based microfluidic device for hematocrit detection by measuring current responses of red blood cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline at 100 V for 30 s. A linear correlation was observed between current and red blood cell concentration. The device achieved 3.6% precision and 3.8% accuracy for hematocrit determination, comparable to previously reported platinum-based systems (2.8% precision, 2.6% accuracy). Surface characterization via field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed a 25% increase in surface area relative to platinum electrodes, resulting from 2.7 times greater roughness and 58 times greater thickness. These structural enhancements reduced charge-transfer and concentration overpotentials, improving electrochemical performance.</p><p>This work introduces a reproducible three-step pyrolysis method that overcomes long-standing limitations in the fabrication of low-aspect-ratio pyrolytic carbon electrodes. By increasing electroactive surface area without complex coatings or noble metals, the approach enables high-performance, low-cost microelectrodes suitable for integrated biosensing. The demonstrated equivalence to platinum electrodes in hematocrit detection highlights its translational potential for scalable diagnostic microdevices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable hydrogel-integrated microfluidic platforms for controlled cutaneous and transdermal drug delivery: engineering design, stimuli-responsive release, and computational modeling","authors":"Abhisekh Sah,&nbsp;Bishal Singh,&nbsp;Dilpreet Singh,&nbsp;Rajesh Gautam,&nbsp;Bijoy Ghosh,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00840-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00840-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wearable microfluidic systems that integrate stimuli-responsive hydrogel reservoirs with flexible, skin-conformal architectures can support several distinct delivery routes, including topical or dermal treatment, wound-bed delivery, microneedle-assisted intradermal or transdermal administration, and electrically enhanced transdermal delivery. This critical narrative review evaluates hydrogel materials, loading and release mechanisms, route-specific interfaces, empirical release kinetics, mechanistic transport, and COMSOL Multiphysics-based numerical modeling. Drug liberation from a reservoir is distinguished from device output, skin partitioning, permeation, tissue deposition, systemic absorption, and therapeutic response. PNIPAM behavior is interpreted temporally: heating above the LCST may produce a short deswelling-driven expulsion phase followed by reduced sustained diffusion through the collapsed network. Computational models are positioned as tools for design-space exploration, sensitivity analysis, and reduction—not elimination—of experimental iterations. Cross-cutting translation requirements include dehydration control, mechanical and adhesive reliability, payload stability, manufacturing reproducibility, biocompatibility, human factors, and jurisdiction-dependent regulation. Qualitative Technology Readiness Level estimates are used only as comparative evidence-maturity indicators and not as formal regulatory determinations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(2-oxazoline) micelles for co-delivery of paclitaxel and metronidazole benzoate for dual chemotherapeutic and antibacterial targeting in the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Alyssa Holden,&nbsp;Hallie Hutsell,&nbsp;Liubov Palchak,&nbsp;Liyuan Luo,&nbsp;Jacob D. Ramsey,&nbsp;Alexander V. Kabanov","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00834-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00834-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor-resident pathogenic bacteria can promote cancer progression and reduce chemotherapy efficacy, yet strategies to simultaneously target both tumor cells and intratumoral microbes remain limited. Here, we report a poly(2-oxazoline) micelle (POx) platform co-encapsulating paclitaxel (PTX) and metronidazole benzoate (MB) to achieve concurrent delivery of anticancer and antibacterial agents. The POx/PTX/MB micelles produced monodisperse populations with high drug loading efficiency and capacity and remained stable in physiological conditions. <i>In vitro</i>, the co-loaded formulation retained cytotoxic activity against two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and bactericidal activity against <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>. POx/PTX/MB micelles were well-tolerated at pharmacologically relevant doses in a murine model. This work provides a feasible strategy to integrate antimicrobial therapy with chemotherapy, highlighting the potential of POx micelles as a versatile platform for targeting both cancer cells and tumor-associated pathogens. These findings support further development of combination chemotherapeutic–antimicrobial strategies for tumors harboring pathogenic bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-precision bendable ophthalmic microinjection needle fabricated by polypropylene-fiber-templated electroplating: process design and ex vivo validation","authors":"Qiangsheng Fu,&nbsp;Xianshan Jin,&nbsp;Gang Chen,&nbsp;Hongyan Ma,&nbsp;Jia Liang,&nbsp;Di Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10544-026-00837-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10544-026-00837-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intravitreal and subretinal drug delivery require slender injection tools that reduce tissue trauma while maintaining lumen patency and mechanical reliability. This study describes a bendable ophthalmic microinjection needle fabricated using a polypropylene-fiber sacrificial template and nickel electroplating process. High-gloss polypropylene fibers defined the inner lumen, a graphene conductive layer enabled nickel deposition, and laser bevel cutting combined with supported thermal pre-bending produced straight or 15° bent working tips. The target working geometry for the ex vivo tests was an outer diameter of 130 μm, an inner diameter of 80 μm, a wall thickness of 25 μm and a working length of 4 mm. The fabricated needles showed an inner-wall roughness of Ra = 0.04 μm and a product yield of 97.5%. In mechanical tests, the proposed needles showed lower puncture force than conventional drawn needles (0.087 ± 0.012 N for straight needles and 0.102 ± 0.015 N for 15° bent needles versus 0.153 ± 0.021 N for drawn needles) and higher summarized bending strength (245.3 ± 15.6 MPa versus 132.7 ± 24.3 MPa). In an ex vivo porcine eye model, the 15° bent needle achieved 93.3% subretinal injection accuracy and a tissue injury score of 0.27 ± 0.46. These results support the feasibility of the manufacturing route for preclinical ophthalmic microdevices. Biological validation was limited to ex vivo eyes; in vivo biocompatibility, nickel ion release, sterilization stability, particulate/endotoxin control and same-dimension comparator studies remain necessary before clinical translation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":490,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Microdevices","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}