Chemical Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"Adsorption behavior and techno-economic analysis of citric acid-modified chitosan for heavy metal removal from wastewater","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Patel, Lalit Mohan Pandey, Ramagopal V.S. Uppaluri","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121868","url":null,"abstract":"Citric acid-modified chitosan was synthesized with the citric acid precursor. The findings indicated that the modification of chitosan enhanced surface-active sites, stability in acidic systems, and surface area. Together this improved multi-heavy<!-- --> <!-- -->metal sorption and facilitated the reuse of exhausted sorbent. The findings revealed that the sorbent demonstrated outstanding sorption capabilities for iron, copper, and lead ions, and its maximum adsorption capacities were 8.18, 86.21, and 312.5 mg g⁻¹ for Pb, Fe, and Cu, respectively. The Pb ions with greater nuclear radii than the Cu and Fe ions may get comparatively desorbed. This is due to the competitive adsorption phenomena. Henceforth, the adsorption capacity of the Cu ions has been comparatively higher than the Pb ions in the considered mixed metal ion solution. For Cu, Fe, and Pb, the medium Cit-CS resin exhibited significant desorptive efficacies of 78.69 %, 75.31 %, and 69.63 % respectively. The lab-scale conceptual synthesis costs of the resins were 1204.05, 1260.21, and 1361.27 INR per 10 g of low Cit-CS, medium Cit-CS, and high Cit-CS, respectively. For industrial-scale manufacturing, the resin costs are 627.18, 649.64, and 690.07 INR per 10 g of low Cit-CS, medium Cit-CS, and high Cit-CS, respectively. Additionally, for medium Cit-CS, % contribution of chitosan, equipment, manpower, electricity, and other chemicals costs was 58.48, 3.21, 12.70, 3.35 and 22.26 % respectively for the lab-scale manufacturing case and the corresponding costs for the industrial scale case were 45.38, 6.22, 24.63, 6.49 and 17.28 % respectively.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A normal operating zone model for condition monitoring of reaction-separation-recycle processes","authors":"Mengyao Wei, Jiandong Wang, Zhishan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121863","url":null,"abstract":"Normal operation of reaction-separation-recycle processes is important for the safety of chemical plants. This study presents a normal operating zone (NOZ) model for condition monitoring of reaction-separation-recycle processes. The NOZ model is a geometric space in higher dimensions that is developed based on physical principles, historical data, and operational requirements. A main technical issue is the uncertainties of NOZ models from historical data with noise disturbance. Bayesian estimation theory is utilized to address this issue. The NOZ model represents an allowable variation region of multiple related process variables, and compensates certain limitations of existing methods. In particular, the NOZ model can account for normal conditions that are not present in historical data compared to data-based methods; the NOZ model can identify abnormal conditions that do not change physical models in contrast to model-based methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated via Aspen-Hysys-based examples with comparison to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ni-Co bimetallic sulfides grown on carbon nanofibers as robust self-supporting catalysts for water splitting","authors":"Jiacheng Hu, Wei Shen, Jian Cui, Xiangmei Wang, Chuntao Chen, Lei Zhang, Dongping Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121860","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon structures has been demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the insufficient preparation complexity and durability fall short of meeting the demands of the future hydrogen economy. Herein, a ZIF-67/PDA/BC precursor was prepared using polydopamine-modified bacterial cellulose (BC) as a template. By adjusting the Ni/Co ion ratios, we synthesized NiCo-MOF/PDA/BC with a consistent ZIF-67/PDA/BC structure, followed by obtaining a bimetallic porous carbon-based NiCo-NSC@CBC composite. The NiCo-NSC@CBC-1:4 sample retains its nanotube morphology and Co₉S₈ active phase while exhibiting synergistic effects from the NiCo bimetallic sulfide heterostructure and self-supporting interface. The NiCo-NSC@CBC-1:4 electrode demonstrates remarkable bi-functional electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability when utilized as a self-supported HER/OER electrode, as evidenced by the hydrogen evolution overpotential of 119 mV and the oxygen evolution overpotential of 370 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². The exceptional performance of the material is primarily due to the synergistic effect resulting from the heterostructure of NiCo bimetallic sulfide and self-supporting interface, as well as the preservation of nanotube morphology and Co₉S₈ active phase. This study establishes a robust groundwork for investigating the surface structure composition and interface effects of self-<span><span>supporting materials</span></span>.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flotation separation of quartz and feldspar under weak alkaline conditions using amine ether as a novel collector","authors":"Xinyan Suo, Bowen Yu, Jinting Sha, Runbo Gao, Mengyao Qi, Yehao Huang, Weijun Peng, Xiao Guo, Wei Wang, Yijun Cao, Chongqing Wang, Yukun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121873","url":null,"abstract":"Amine ether was initially used as a novel collector for the direct flotation of quartz to separate the quartz from feldspar under weak alkaline conditions. The flotation results demonstrated that the recovery differences between quartz and feldspar both decreased with the increase in the carbon chain length and number of alkoxy groups of amine ether. A recovery difference of nearly 90 % could be achieved between them at a pulp pH of 8.0 with dodecylamine polyoxyethylene ether (AC1210) serving as the collector. The results of the mechanism analysis demonstrated that AC1210 was effectively adsorbed on the quartz surface via electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. However, the electrostatic repulsion between the K⁺ on the feldspar surface and positively charged NH⁺ groups of AC1210 weakened the adsorption of AC1210 on the surface of feldspar. The difference in the adsorption capacity of AC1210 between the quartz and feldspar promoted the selective direct flotation of quartz from the mixture of quartz and feldspar.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"57 74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective strategy for degrading waste PET plastic into regenerated DMT with nearly equivalent methanol at relatively low temperature","authors":"Chunrui Rong, Dongxia Yan, Jiabao Li, Jian Feng, Jiayu Xin, Qing Zhou, Yi Li, Junli Xu, Xingmei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121859","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the usage of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) leads to the generation of a large amount of waste, which may cause carbon emissions and waste of petroleum resources. The methanolysis method has attracted global attention, but limited by high reaction temperature and excessive use of methanol. We report here an efficient catalyst, tetramethylguanidine/1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-non-ene (TMG/DBN), converting waste PET into regenerated dimethyl terephthalate (rDMT) under 100 °C with almost equivalent methanol, achieving 100 % PET conversion and 93.1 % yield of rDMT. A series of analytical methods and theoretical calculations were used to reveal the enhanced interaction between the catalyst and reactants, which facilitates the degradation of PET at low methanol dosages. In addition, a kinetic model was also developed with a relatively low activation energy of 84.9 kJ/mol. This work provides an effective strategy for the up-grading recycling of waste PET under mild reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new design method for multiphase reactors combining field synergy theory with process intensification strategy: Application to downer reactor for coal pyrolysis","authors":"Jiali Du, Feng Wu, Junwu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121855","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing multiphase reactor design is crucial in chemical engineering. This study introduces a new approach that combines field synergy with process intensification for optimizing reactor design, and apply it to the design of a downer for low-rank coal pyrolysis. The core design parameters of downer with swirling blade nozzle(DSBN), including blade number(<em>N</em>), height(<em>H</em>), angle(<span><span><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></script></span>), and number of turns(<em>T</em>) were optimized. Results indicate that the optimized DSBN achieves a more uniform coal temperature, which is 65.735 K higher than in a conventional side nozzle downer(CSND). The global reaction rate in DSBN is 13.36 % higher than in CSND. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced synergistic effect between physical fields in the DSBN. The optimal parameter settings for energy efficiency and overall performance are <em>N</em> = 8, <span><span><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></script></span>=90°, <em>H</em> = 100 mm, <em>T</em> = 0.125. Sensitivity analysis indicates <em>H</em> significantly impacts resistance and heat transfer, while <span><span><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mi is=\"true\">θ</mi></math></script></span> most affects comprehensive performance.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of flow regime in a co-current upflow packed bed reactor (U-PBR) using gamma-ray densitometry (GRD)","authors":"Youssef Yatimi, Ahmed Alalou, Muthanna Al-Dahhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121871","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their significant impact on the reaction rate, the comprehensive understanding of the hydrodynamics in any novel design of the Upflow Packed Bed Reactor (U-PBR) is essential for the optimization of its throughput. In this regard, the identification of the flow regime is of paramount importance. Therefore, in this work, we use the photon counts time-series data obtained using the non-invasive Gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) to identify, for the first time, the flow regimes and their transition velocities at two axial locations (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" stretchy=\"false\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;1.56&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=\"false\" is=\"true\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\" is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;1.56&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and five radial locations (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" stretchy=\"false\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=\"false\" is=\"true\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\" is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) within the packed catalysts’ bed of U-PBR with a novel plenum design consisting of five deflectors. The photon counts, which were obtained for a wide range of superficial inlet gas velocities (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.06&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" linebreak=\"badbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\"&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;9.6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" stretchy=\"false\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.06&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"badbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\" is=\"true\"&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;9.6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=\"false\" is=\"true\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and superficial inlet liquid velocities (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.003&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" linebreak=\"badbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\"&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.021&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\" stretchy=\"false\"&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.003&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"badbreak","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable sub-nanostructure of heteroatom-doped carbon molecular sieve membranes for efficient CO2 capture","authors":"Chuning Fang, Zhi Li, Xingyu Chen, Linfeng Lei, Zhi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121861","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes with precise molecular sieving discrimination ability and chemical stability are attractive for CO₂ separations. Tailoring the microporous structure of CMS membanes to improve CO₂ transport can enhance CO₂ separation performances but remains a tough challenge. Herein, a plasma-induced heteroatom-doping strategy is proposed to regulate the sub-nanopores with CO₂-affinity structure (pyrrolic N and graphitic N) in CMS hollow fiber membranes. The pyrrolic N and graphitic N increased in the carbon matrix when treated by an air plasma. As a result, the CO₂ permeability was enhanced by ∼280 % to 1544 Barrer while CO₂/N₂ selectivity was increased from 40.2 to 48.6, concomitantly. In addition, the air plasma treatment generated oxygen-contained hydrophilic groups thereby improving the stability at vapor existed conditions. A dynamic durability test over 240 h by feeding of a ternary CO₂/N₂/vapor evidenced a stable performance suggesting the advance of the air plasma-treated CMS hollow fiber membranes.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uv–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy-driven quantification of nano-MnO2 dispersion for catalytic thermal decomposition and combustion optimization in ammonium perchlorate composites","authors":"Yichen Li, Chong Chen, Yong Kou, Dongqi Liu, Wenqi Zhu, Ronghuan Yang, Yanchen Wang, Guigao Liu, Jun Di, Wei Jiang, Gazi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121870","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is widely used in propellants, acting the key power source of rockets and missiles. Improving the thermal decomposition efficiency of AP by introducing nanocatalysts is of great significance for enhancing the performance of propellants. However, nanoparticle agglomeration and the lack of reliable dispersion characterization methods hinder their practical application. The current challenge is to establish methods for accurately characterizing the dispersion of nanocatalysts in energetic materials and to develop efficient, agglomeration-resistant nanocatalysts. In this study, nano-MnO₂/superfine AP composites with different nano-MnO₂ dispersions were prepared and characterized by manual wet grinding and mechanical grinding methods. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was innovatively employed to quantitatively assess the dispersion homogeneity of MnO₂ nanoparticles, revealing a direct correlation between dispersion and catalytic activity. It was found that the nano-MnO₂ dispersions in nano-MnO₂/superfine composites can be effectively characterized according to the absorbance of solid UV–Vis of composites. The better the dispersion of nano-MnO₂ is, the better the catalytic effect of nano-MnO₂ on the thermal decomposition and combustion of superfine AP and superfine AP/Al composites will get. In the optimal dispersion state, the peak temperature of superfine AP decomposition can be increased by 105 ℃. Thus, the combustion intensity, flame area, combustion time and combustion temperature of superfine AP/Al composites are improved, which can be attributed to the highly dispersed nano-MnO₂ accelerating the decomposition process of superfine AP. Mechanistic studies indicate that well-dispersed MnO₂ facilitates redox cycling during AP decomposition, promotes intermediate conversion, and enhances oxygen release. On the other hand, nano-MnO₂ dispersity is enhanced, agglomeration is reduced, desorption sites are increased, and thermal decomposition of superfine AP is enhanced. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of dispersibility of nanocatalysts to catalyze energetic materials and provide a method to describe the dispersibility of nanocatalysts. It is expected to provide reference for the development of characterization technology of nanocatalysts and broaden the wide and practical application of nanocatalysts in the field of energetic materials.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic additive C6N30H15Co: In situ physicochemical enhancement of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate","authors":"Shuyue Xu, Jinchao Ma, Xingyang Cui, Jizhou Dong, Fang Li, Chuan Xiao, Hua Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121869","url":null,"abstract":"Making solid propellants into porous structures can significantly improve combustion speed and reduce energy density. To balance this contradiction, this work developed a novel dual mechanism additive composed of the energetic compound bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine coordinated with a cobalt atom (BTA-Co). This additive decomposes prior to ammonium perchlorate (AP), undergoing violent swelling that results in a porous material characterized by a well-defined three-dimensional structure, loaded with nano metal oxides. This architecture aims to provides dual-mechanism enhancement effects, which include both physical gas convection provided by organic frames and chemical electron transfer provided by metal oxides. The hypothetico-deductive method was used to corroborate the additive enhancement mechanism from the morphology, composition, and enhancement laws on AP decomposition of the post-combustion products generated in different atmospheres. And direct evidence of the physical and chemical mechanisms was obtained through termination combustion method, TG-MS, and Real-time FTIR testing. The TG-DSC results demonstrated that the addition of 5 wt% BTA-Co significantly reduced the high-temperature decomposition temperature of AP by 116.6 °C and increased the heat release by 10.34-fold. Additionally, the burn rate of AP-Al-HTPB solid composite propellant with 2 wt% BTA-Co increased by 28.87 %. This study provides essential empirical data and theoretical insights for the development of new combustion additives and high-burn-rate AP-based composite solid propellants.","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}