Experimental Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"On the Cover: Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Water-Imbibed Polymeric Foams Under Dynamic Shear-Compression Loading for Tribology Application","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01224-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01224-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1183 - 1183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Spatial Randomness of Elastic Properties of Heterogeneous Materials","authors":"J. Vievering,&nbsp;S. Ong,&nbsp;A. Fok,&nbsp;J. F. Labuz,&nbsp;J.-L. Le","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Understanding the stochastic nature of elastic constants is crucial for the probabilistic analysis of structural response. Although significant progress has been made in experimentally characterizing deformation fields, few studies have addressed the spatial variability of material properties.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to develop a robust numerical-experimental method for characterizing the statistics of the elastic constants of heterogeneous materials.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The proposed method integrates digital image correlation (DIC) with finite element (FE) analysis. Through an iterative matching process between DIC-measured strain fields and FE simulations, the random spatial distributions of elastic constants are identified. This information is then used to determine the probability distributions, spatial autocorrelation functions, and cross-correlation functions of the elastic constants.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The method is applied to microcrystalline cellulose tablets subjected to diametral compression. The experimental results highlight the influence of compaction pressure on the statistical characteristics of the elastic constants. The analysis also uncovers key methodological considerations, including the DIC measurement noise, applied load level, matching region selection, and DIC resolution.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study demonstrates that the spatial distribution of elastic constants of heterogenous materials can be determined by optimal fitting of DIC-measured strain fields with those from elastic FE analysis. The resulting probability distribution and spatial correlation can be directly employed to generate the random fields of elastic properties for stochastic FE simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1341 - 1355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01218-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Water-Imbibed Polymeric Foams Under Dynamic Shear-Compression Loading for Tribology Application","authors":"E. Laçaj,&nbsp;P. Bourhis,&nbsp;P. Doumalin,&nbsp;J. Bouyer,&nbsp;P. Jolly,&nbsp;Y. Henry,&nbsp;A. Fatu,&nbsp;A. Beaudoin,&nbsp;A-E. Ennazii,&nbsp;B. Couderc","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01216-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01216-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>XPHD (ex-Poro Hydrodynamic) lubrication has emerged as an innovative and eco-friendly solution to current lubricating systems. It uses a high porosity and highly compressible material impregnated with fluid to enhance the pressure generation mechanism of hydrodynamic bearings.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of our work is to study the mechanical behavior of water-imbibed polymeric foams which can replace oil in hydrodynamic bearings. The behavior depends on the interactions happening between the fluid flow and the solid phase as the latter undergoes important compressive and shear loads.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, a dedicated testing device was developed to reproduce loading conditions like in hydrodynamic bearings and Digital Image Correlation has been adapted to measure local strains at the scale of cells and observe the deformation mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>As a first candidate, open-cell polyurethane foams imbibed with water were selected and tested in a range of compression ratios, speeds and geometries of the loading element.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The evolution of strain fields under these loading scenarios and the contribution of the pore pressure in the local deformations of cells and pores are discussed and highlighted to provide a better understanding of the coupled phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1321 - 1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cover: Exploring Humerus Bone’s Fracture Patterns and Fixation Systems Via Laser Vibrometry","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01219-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01219-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"997 - 997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Situ Monitor for Cure-Induced Deviatoric Stress in Propellant Charges of Solid Rocket Motors","authors":"J. Xu,&nbsp;Z. Shen,&nbsp;H. Xu,&nbsp;Y. Lei","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01213-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01213-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deviatoric stress, as a pivotal factor influencing both the mechanical properties and durability of propellant, stands as a critical metric for assessing the quality of produced solid rocket motors (SRMs) and evaluating the processing parameters. The inherent characteristics of SRMs significantly restrict the application of existing methods in cure-induced stress measurements, thereby hindering the calibration of finite element models and optimization of the manufacturing processes.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study is to develop a method for in-situ monitoring of cure-induced deviatoric stress.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prefabricated structures with strain sensors are embedded for monitoring cure-induced deviatoric stress, and full-scale experiments were conducted to compare the influence of different cure technologies. Coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical simulations are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The Pearson correlation coefficient of the strain in the prefabricated structure and the cure-induced deviatoric stress is up to -1.000, which proves the feasibility of the proposed method. A 55.87% reduction in signal with pressure cure technology could be observed, which may help to prove the mitigation of pressure cure technology in cure-induced deviatoric stress.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed method is capable of in-situ monitoring of cure-induced deviatoric stress in propellant charges during the curing and cooling phases. Pressure cure technology can help to lower the residual deviatoric stress during the curing phases, while during the cooling and pressure-releasing process, the rate of variation in deviatoric stress is more prominent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1307 - 1320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Accurate Stereo-Digital Image Correlation Method in Liquid Nitrogen Immersion Conditions with Single Camera","authors":"Y. H. Li,&nbsp;N. N. Mu,&nbsp;J. Zhou,&nbsp;X. Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01208-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01208-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stereo-digital image correlation (DIC) has found widespread application in experimental mechanics due to its full-field, non-contact deformation measurement capabilities. However, in liquid nitrogen environments, challenges arise from the difficulties associated with observation under cryogenic and within liquid media, as well as the resulting calibration issues. As a result, existing methods have yet to be effectively applied in such conditions.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To enable <i>in-situ</i> stereo-DIC in liquid nitrogen environments, and to address the challenges of visualization and calibration in extreme conditions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A specially designed bi-prism was developed to solve the challenges posed by boiling bubbles, window frosting, and spatial constraints in liquid nitrogen immersion. To address the calibration issues in stereo-DIC systems in cryogenic, an accurate theoretical model based on a bi-prism-based pseudo-stereo refraction optical path was developed, and a two-step calibration method based on the epipolar constraint was established. In this method, the bi-prism does not need to be precisely positioned. Instead, by pre-calibrating the internal parameters of a single camera, the spatial position parameters of the bi-prism can be determined through the speckle features and the epipolar geometric relationship, fully determining the optical system.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>At room temperature, the diameter measurement error of the ping-pong ball was 0.57%, and the displacement error was less than 0.03 mm. In liquid nitrogen immersion, displacement detection of an aluminum alloy sample and accurate measurement of the bending deformation of a polycarbonate rod were successfully performed.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study presents a novel bi-prism-based single-camera stereo-DIC method, achieving <i>in-situ</i> measurements in a liquid nitrogen environment. The reliability and practicality of the proposed method were validated under various experimental conditions, demonstrating its significant potential in extreme environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1289 - 1306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Condition on the Mechanical Response of an AlSi-PES Abradable","authors":"R. Lye,&nbsp;A. Pellegrino,&nbsp;C. Bennett,&nbsp;J. Rouse,&nbsp;P. Agyakwa,&nbsp;G. Zumpano","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01211-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01211-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To improve the efficiency and operational stability of aero-engine compressors, abradable liners are used to facilitate reduced clearances between the blade tips and the surrounding casing. However, their properties are highly variable due to sensitivities in the plasma spraying process and complex in-service phenomena such as blade-casing interactions and thermal ageing. The abradable variability makes it difficult to model blade-casing interactions accurately, leading to suboptimal blade geometries and clearances.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study addresses the impact of abradable condition on its mechanical behaviour and on the blade-casing interaction response.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The response and failure behaviour of an aluminium-silicon-polyester abradable under quasi-static (0.01 s<span>(^{-1})</span>) and high-rate (850 s<span>(^{-1})</span>) loading conditions over a range of temperatures and pre-treatments have been characterised. Pre-treatments representative of various points throughout the lifecycle of an abradable were used.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The abradable exhibited sensitivity to strain rate, temperature, and particularly the state of the polyester phase. Ageing the polyester reduced its compliance, increasing the failure stress by up to 10% at high loading rates compared to the as-sprayed material. In the compacted specimens, ageing increased the failure stress by up to 50%, attributed to enhanced thermal stability from increased polyester crystallinity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A better understanding of abradables and their failure behaviour will improve compressor blade and abradable system design, enabling optimal tip clearances and enhancing overall engine performance. These tests provided an account of condition-specific compressive failure behaviour, beginning to bridge the gap between phenomenological accounts from experimental blade–abradable rub tests and observed abradable response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1259 - 1278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01211-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Visualization of Time-Dependent Deformation of a Hydrogel Surface","authors":"J. Kim,&nbsp;H. Kim,&nbsp;M. Sarntinoranont,&nbsp;A.C. Dunn","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01209-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01209-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Visualizing the deformation of hydrogels at sliding interfaces remains challenging due to their optical transparency, limiting our understanding of time- and history-dependent surface displacement during continuous sliding.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To visualize and quantify the lateral surface displacement of hydrogel during continuous sliding and correlate this with frictional behavior.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fluorescent markers were embedded in hydrogel samples to enable visualization of surface deformation during sliding. Marker positions were recorded via video and tracked across frames, allowing extraction of time-varying displacement of the hydrogel surface in the sliding direction. The surface displacement was measured at various sliding speeds and compared with friction measurements from tribo-rheometry experiments.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The visualization technique successfully revealed significant time- and history-dependent lateral surface displacement in the hydrogel during continuous sliding. The calculated surface displacement over time at different speeds showed patterns that closely resembled the frictional behavior measured in tribo-rheometry experiments, providing direct visual evidence of surface mechanics.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This work establishes a correlation between visually observed surface displacement and measured friction in hydrogels, supporting the previously proposed rate-and-state hydrogel lubrication model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1279 - 1287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Camera Sensor Noise Propagation to Displacement and Strain Maps Retrieved from Checkerboard Patterns with Localized Spectrum Analysis","authors":"M. Grédiac,&nbsp;F. Sur,&nbsp;A. Vinel,&nbsp;T. Jailin,&nbsp;B. Blaysat","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01207-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01207-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Reliably predicting the metrological performance of full-field measurement systems is a topical issue in the photomechanics community.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this paper is to propose predictive equations giving the pixelwise standard deviation distribution of the noise affecting displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard patterns with the Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Predictive equations already available for the noise in phase distributions are employed to deduce their counterparts for the noise in displacement and strain maps. Two procedures are proposed to improve the reliability of the predictive equations. One is based on filtering the pseudo-periodic signal-dependent component of the noise, the other on the Generalized Anscombe Transform GAT, which stabilizes image noise variance, and thus leads to a better match of one of the assumptions under which the predictive equations are obtained.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The predictive equations given in this paper are validated with synthetic and experimental data.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The predictive equations proposed here enable us to reliably predict image noise propagation to displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard pattern images by LSA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1237 - 1257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time High-Precision Digital Twin for Structure Pressure Field Monitoring","authors":"P. Lai,&nbsp;T. Gao,&nbsp;Q. Xia,&nbsp;J. Hu,&nbsp;G. Cui,&nbsp;K. Tian","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01203-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01203-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In wind tunnel tests, the requirement for structure pressure field monitoring poses significant challenges to simulations and measurements. Machine-learning data fusion could address this, yet demands an efficiency-precision balanced innovative framework.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper aims to propose a digital twin framework for real-time high-precision pressure field monitoring in wind tunnel tests and utilize historical datasets for smart post-experiment pressure field prediction.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four stages constitute this framework: (i) Offline stage I: establishing a surrogate mapping from airflow conditions to reduced-order pressure fields by the proper orthogonal decomposition and Gaussian process regression, (ii) Online stage I: predicting simulation data at target airflow conditions in real time and building pre-trained model, (iii) Online stage II: fusing simulation and experiment data efficiently by transfer learning and generating digital twin for pressure field monitoring, (iv) Offline stage II: constructing digital twin database and predicting pressure fields at new airflow conditions by another surrogate.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In the example of the ONERA M6 wing, the sub-minute established digital twin provides a three-dimensional high-precision pressure field compared with experiment data. Precision of pressure fields for the same wing at new airflow conditions predicted with the digital twin database also surpass simulations. The performance of core methods is investigated and the generalization assessment is conducted on another wing.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed framework efficiently generates the digital twin in high precision and enables smart prediction for new airflow conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1213 - 1235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}