Experimental Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"On the Cover: Strain Mapping in the Vicinity of Cracks Using a Conical Slit Setup for Angular Dispersive Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01370-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01370-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1303 - 1303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cover: Core Collapse Instability of Spirally Wound Jelly-Roll Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01363-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01363-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 7","pages":"1105 - 1105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Recent Progress in Chemomechanics","authors":"K. Zhao, E. Martínez-Pañeda","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01345-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01345-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 7","pages":"1107 - 1108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Sensitivity Hydrogen Gas Permeation: System Development, Sample Preparation, and Influence of Testing Variables","authors":"R. Li,&nbsp;A. Zafra,&nbsp;Z. D. Harris,&nbsp;E. Martínez-Pañeda","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01339-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01339-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is a need to develop quantitative, high-resolution hydrogen gas (H<span>(_2)</span>) permeation techniques to provide a better understanding of hydrogen-material interactions, from hydrogen uptake and diffusion to embrittlement.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to develop and validate a high-sensitivity H<span>(_2)</span> permeation system, which is then leveraged to systematically quantify the influence of surface condition and key testing variables (surface oxides, residual gas impurities, pressure, and temperature) on hydrogen permeation.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A gas permeation system capable of operating at pressures up to 50 bar and temperatures up to 250 <span>(^circ )</span>C was developed, incorporating high-sensitivity mass spectrometric detection and controlled surface preparation protocols. Permeation transients were analysed in a model material (annealed pure Fe) to determine hydrogen diffusivity and permeability under systematically varied surface states, oxygen contents, pressures and temperatures.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Surface oxides are shown to play a dominant role in controlling hydrogen permeation at room temperature. The presence of oxide layers can severely hinder or completely suppress hydrogen uptake, with measurable permeation requiring oxide removal via pickling and Pd coating on both surfaces, or activation through hydrogen-assisted reduction at elevated temperature. Residual oxygen present prior to hydrogen exposure further reduces permeability by modifying surface boundary conditions, indicating strongly surface-controlled kinetics. Under optimised surface conditions, hydrogen transport follows bulk diffusion-controlled behaviour, with steady-state flux obeying Sieverts’ law at 25 <span>(^circ )</span>C (1-5 bar) and diffusivity and permeability exhibiting Arrhenius behaviour between 25 and 150 <span>(^circ )</span>C at 5 bar, indicating bulk diffusion-controlled transport.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The developed high-sensitivity permeation system resolves hydrogen fluxes as low as 1.98 <span>(times )</span> 10<span>(^{-9})</span> mol/(m<span>(^2)</span> <span>(cdot )</span>s) and provides a robust platform for investigating surface, mechanical and environmental effects on hydrogen permeation under realistic service conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 7","pages":"1273 - 1302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-026-01339-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemomechanical Degradation at Inorganic Solid Electrolyte-Lithium Metal Interfaces","authors":"M. Lu,&nbsp;Z. Liu,&nbsp;H. Chen,&nbsp;S. Xia","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01342-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01342-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chemomechanically driven degradation at solid electrolyte-lithium metal interfaces is a critical barrier to the reliability of solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Although interphase formation at these interfaces is well recognized, how reaction-induced deformation and stress evolution depend on electrolyte microstructure remains poorly understood.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to directly quantify the coupled evolution of interphase growth, deformation, and stress, and to determine how electrolyte microstructure influences stress localization and fracture during interphase formation.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An integrated in situ experimental platform combining optical imaging, mechanical load measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was developed to characterize interphase growth and stress evolution in a model sulfide electrolyte (Li₁₀SnP₂S₁₂). Reaction-induced volumetric strain and interphase roughness were quantified from operando imaging, and finite element simulations incorporating reaction-induced eigenstrain were performed to resolve stress localization mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Interphase growth kinetics were comparable across microstructures; however, dense electrolyte pellets exhibited larger reaction-induced volumetric strains, pronounced interphase roughness, sustained pressure buildup, and tensile microcracking despite globally compressive loading. Simulations revealed that rough interphase morphologies generate substantial localized tensile stress through geometric stress amplification, explaining the observed cracking behavior.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results demonstrate that electrolyte microstructure critically governs how interphase evolution translates into stress localization and fracture, highlighting microstructural control as a key strategy for mitigating chemomechanical degradation in solid-state lithium-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 7","pages":"1257 - 1271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-026-01342-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain Mapping in the Vicinity of Cracks Using a Conical Slit Setup for Angular Dispersive Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction","authors":"F. Loebich,&nbsp;N. Möller,&nbsp;J. Richter,&nbsp;T. Wegener,&nbsp;D. Canelo-Yubero,&nbsp;E. Maawad,&nbsp;N. Schell,&nbsp;J. Gibmeier,&nbsp;T. Niendorf","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01336-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is a manufacturing technique that enables tailoring of the properties of components towards the application, provided the process parameters are adjusted. However, the process induces residual strain and stresses, influencing, i.e., the fatigue properties. To analyze the residual strain distributions in the vicinity of fatigue cracks in the bulk of specimens a high lateral resolution is necessary, which limits the possible analysis methods to high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective is to propose a viable strategy to determine the (lattice) strain distributions in the vicinity of fatigue cracks in AISI 316L compact-tension specimens manufactured via PBF-LB/M.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An angular dispersive high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction setup with conical slits is used, to restrict the gauge volume to the center of the specimens. Complementarily, the residual stress distribution near the surface is investigated using the incremental hole-drilling method.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Along the build direction a compressive residual strain distribution of higher magnitude is found, which is significantly reduced in the vicinity of the crack. Depending on whether the crack opening direction is aligned with the transverse or the build direction, a tensile lattice strain field or a lattice strain field of reduced magnitude is found ahead of the crack tip.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results indicate that the proposed strategy is well suited to determine the (lattice) strain distributions in the vicinity of fatigue cracks in the center of the specimens with a sufficient lateral resolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1441 - 1454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-026-01336-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documenting Fatigue Crack Nucleation in As-Cast Aluminum Alloy 6082 T6 Heat-Treated Using Digital Image Correlation and Electron Backscatter Diffraction","authors":"F. V. Ghazvini,&nbsp;Y. Zedan,&nbsp;P. Bocher","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01333-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01333-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fatigue crack nucleation in as-cast AA6082 remains insufficiently resolved at the microstructural scale, particularly regarding how localized strain and slip-system interactions at grain boundaries and triple junctions govern nucleation.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to document the local conditions that lead to crack nucleation, to identify microstructural regions of strain localization, and to evaluate their role in the earliest stages of fatigue damage.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Full-field digital image correlation (DIC) was employed under cyclic loading to quantify localized deformation, while complementary electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) provided crystallographic context through grain orientation, Schmid-factor mapping and local strain incompatibilities. The analysis incorporated 3D representations and angular metrics to evaluate geometric (in)compatibility among potentially active slip systems across neighboring grains, with emphasis on triple junctions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Regions of elevated local deformation frequently coincided with grains of high Schmid factor; however, fatigue crack nucleation occurred only when <i>geometric compatibility</i> was lacking among the possible active slip systems. An extensive study of a fatigue nucleation site reveals that the possible active slip systems in the surrounding grains at the triple junction <i>lack geometric compatibility</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>By combining DIC and EBSD, the proposed method establishes a practical framework for describing microscale deformation behavior, clarifies the mechanisms of early crack nucleation in as-cast AA6082, and provides a generalizable approach for other alloys. The approach also enables a statistical perspective based on the probability of critical, geometrically incompatible configurations, informing microstructure-aware fatigue design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1423 - 1440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics-Based Analysis of Interfacial Stress Transfer and Stiffness Stability in Thermoplastic Composites Reinforced with Multi-Source Regenerated Carbon Fibers","authors":"C. L. Chiang,&nbsp;J. H. Chen,&nbsp;P. C. Su,&nbsp;W. T. Feng,&nbsp;M. Y. Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01335-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01335-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The stochastic nature and surface variability of regenerated carbon fibers (rCF) present significant challenges for their reliable application in high-performance structural thermoplastics. Understanding the interplay between fiber architecture and interfacial mechanics is essential for optimizing reinforcement efficiency.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigates the reinforcing mechanics of rCF with distinct intermediate architectures: a 3D non-woven mat (hereafter referred to as NrCF) and a 2D recycled paper (PrCF) bound by an inert PET binder. The goal is to decouple the intrinsic fiber variability from the macroscopic composite performance using a mechanics-based framework.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An impregnated fiber bundle tensile test was adapted to isolate the collective strength of the discontinuous fibers. The interfacial stress transfer efficiency and stiffness characteristics of the resulting Polyamide 66 composites were analyzed using the Kelly-Tyson and Cox shear-lag models, respectively. Furthermore, the interfacial confinement effect on thermal stability was quantified via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The NrCF source fibers exhibited a six-fold strength advantage over the PrCF source. Mechanistically, the chemically reactive interface in NrCF significantly enhanced the interfacial shear strength (<b><i>τ</i></b>) and reduced the critical fiber length (<b><i>l</i></b>_{<b><i>c</i></b>}), enabling efficient stress transfer and superior flexural strength (up to 334.9 MPa). In contrast, the PrCF system exhibited premature failure and matrix-sensitive stiffness due to the weak physical interface governed by the inert binder. Additionally, the robust interfacial bonding in NrCF restricted molecular mobility, significantly delaying thermal degradation compared to the unconstrained PrCF system.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This work demonstrates that for discontinuous regenerated fibers, the restoration of interfacial chemical reactivity is a critical design parameter that outweighs fiber volume fraction in determining structural integrity. The proposed testing protocols and mechanical interpretations provide a rigorous pathway for certifying recycled carbon fiber composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1411 - 1422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-026-01335-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speckle Thickness-Dependent Vibration Modes in Dragonfly Wing Membranes: Experiments and Simulations","authors":"Z. Chen,&nbsp;Z. Wang,&nbsp;S. M. Mashimango,&nbsp;H. Zhao,&nbsp;Y. Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01334-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01334-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Using speckles as carriers of surface information has become an essential step in characterizing mechanical properties via digital image correlation (DIC), particularly for measuring morphology, deformation, and vibration parameters of ultra-thin and delicate biological structures.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to quantify the effects of speckle coatings on the accuracy of vibration measurements of dragonfly wing membranes, and to provide empirical support and theoretical guidelines for optimizing speckle-based measurement protocols for biological membrane vibration characterization.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We combined high-speed 3D-DIC vibration measurement technology with image-based finite element (FE) modeling to investigate the effects of three types of speckle coatings on dragonfly wing vibration. The natural frequency, mass change, and vibration mode response were compared between experiments and simulations, with FE models established for wing membranes with different speckle thicknesses to analyze the stiffness-mass coupling effect of speckles.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Experimental results showed that the addition of three types of speckles increased the wing mass by up to ~ 69%, but the natural frequency exhibited an average change of no more than 2 Hz; this phenomenon is attributed to the offset between the mass increase and stiffness enhancement induced by speckle coatings. FE simulations revealed that ultra-thin speckle coatings (≤ 1 μm) caused negligible deviations in low-order natural frequencies (relative error &lt; 0.5%), while thicker layers (≥ 3 μm) led to significant frequency reductions (up to -27.68%) and altered high-order vibration modes, particularly for hindwings with torsion-bending coupling characteristics. The first vibration mode obtained from numerical simulations showed consistent deformation trends with experimental results, dominated by wingtip bending deformation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Ultra-thin prefabricated speckle coatings (≤ 2 μm) do not significantly alter the low-order natural frequency and fundamental vibration mode of dragonfly wing membranes, as the stiffness enhancement induced by speckles offsets their mass loading effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1395 - 1409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Finish Machining Induced Residual Stress Characterization via DIC and Statistical Averaging for Incremental Hole Drilling Technique According to ASTM E837","authors":"J. N. Money,&nbsp;A. B. Hartley,&nbsp;C. G. Fuller,&nbsp;J. M. Schoop","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01329-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01329-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Existing methods for quantifying machining-induced residual stress (RS), can be constrained by uncertainties in subsurface stress profiling arising from non-standardized material removal procedures, mechanical gauge misalignment, and long measurement times, limiting the availability of reliable RS data and reducing confidence in subsurface stress evaluation.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The goal of this work is to develop a digital image correlation (DIC)-based virtual strain gauge (VSG) framework integrated with incremental hole drilling (IHD) to improve fidelity, repeatability, and statistical robustness of full-depth RS measurements in finish-machined Ti-6Al-4V.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Orthogonal finishing cuts were performed under controlled cutting speed and tool-wear conditions using a custom in-situ testbed. Full-field DIC strain data were processed to generate VSGs emulating ASTM-defined rosettes, enabling strain averaging over large pixel domains and multiple symmetrical locations. Strain–depth profiles from multiple holes were converted to RS using H-Drill software and averaged via the Student’s t-distribution to achieve 95% confidence intervals. Dual-level averaging across strain fields and replicated measurements suppresses DIC noise and measurement scatter inherent in physical gauges.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The averaged RS–depth curves vary with tool flank wear, producing tensile or compressive surface stresses and differing magnitudes and depths of subsurface compression. Combined strain and stress averaging produced smooth, repeatable profiles with accuracy exceeding conventional IHD. The process requires less than 1 h per sub-surface profile.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The DIC-integrated, statistically averaged IHD approach provides a minimally destructive, high-precision, and high-throughput method for quantifying machining-induced RS, enhancing surface integrity characterization and model validation reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 8","pages":"1379 - 1394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}