Experimental Mechanics最新文献

Understanding the Incident Wave Errors in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test with Machine Learning Method

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01146-5

K. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Zhou, Y. Yu, L. Xu, G. Gao

{"title":"Understanding the Incident Wave Errors in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test with Machine Learning Method","authors":"K. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Zhou, Y. Yu, L. Xu, G. Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01146-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01146-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test, the misalignment of the striker bar leads to waveform errors in the incident wave, which results in inaccurate material mechanical property parameters.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The goal of this paper is to apply machine learning (ML) method to understand waveform errors in incident waves (error peak-valley features) and investigate the impact of imperfect striker bar on the incident wave.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>ML projects were constructed by developing numerical models to establish waveform databases based on experimental data, and the continuous optimization of ML projects advances the application of a dual-output average curve (DOAC) method simulating the use of two strain gauges for error processing.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The waveform errors were categorized into two types: non-parallel impact and parallel non-coaxial impact by continuously optimizing the ML model through error analysis, successfully understanding up to 24 types of waveforms. DOAC effectively eliminated the bending effect, and the error effects were decomposed into bending effects and other effects.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The high-accuracy ML results provide simple and real-time automatic correction solutions for waveform errors and quantify the errors, closing the loop between numerical simulation and experiments. The error and dispersion coupling effects can be successfully decoupled using DOAC, suggesting that bending waves are the main cause of error effects with the dominant bending effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Material Orientation and Degree of Deformation on the Tension–Compression Asymmetry of AA2024‒T4

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01147-4

H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. Yu, M. Gu, G. Chen, X. Li

{"title":"Effects of Material Orientation and Degree of Deformation on the Tension–Compression Asymmetry of AA2024‒T4","authors":"H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. Yu, M. Gu, G. Chen, X. Li","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01147-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01147-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Accurate prediction of the plastic behavior of AA2024‒T4 requires a deep understanding of the mechanical response of the material under different loading conditions. For alloy sheets, the material orientation and deformation are two important factors whose effects should be clarified.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This work focuses on the complex relationships among the material orientation, deformation, and tension‒compression asymmetry of AA2024‒T4.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The tension, compression, and shear responses of materials at different orientations are experimentally investigated through dog bone, cuboid, and butterfly specimen, respectively. In addition, the tension‒compression asymmetry is embedded in the anisotropic parameters rather than an additional independent parameter.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Tension‒compression asymmetry is sensitive to orientation and degree of deformation. The tension‒compression asymmetry tends to be stable with increasing degree of deformation. But the evolution law of tension–compression asymmetry can be affected by orientation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An additional parameter describing the asymmetry is required for isotropic plastic modeling. This parameter can be ignored when the anisotropic situation is considered because such an effect will be implied in the anisotropic parameters. In addition, the influence of degree of deformation on tension–compression asymmetry and plastic anisotropy can be reflected by the evolutions of anisotropic parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"255 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Cover: Physics Informed Neural Network Based Digital Image Correlation Method

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01152-7

引用次数: 0

Improving Metrological Performance Estimation of Digital Volume Correlation: Application to X-Ray Computed Tomography

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01145-6

S. Wantz, R. Brault, Y. Pannier, V. Valle

{"title":"Improving Metrological Performance Estimation of Digital Volume Correlation: Application to X-Ray Computed Tomography","authors":"S. Wantz, R. Brault, Y. Pannier, V. Valle","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01145-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01145-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study reports on the performance estimation of Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) for tomographic applications. The performance of DVC can be evaluated in terms of two distinct errors: the random error, directly linked to image quality, and the interpolation error, which is the one of the most significant systematic error generated by DVC algorithms. However, the existing methods provide only a limited estimate of the interpolation error, or allow only the random error to be assessed.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>A new method is proposed to evaluate the interpolation error coupled with the random error in a simple and fast way to assess the overall performance of DVC for any tomographic application.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This new method proposes to apply a rotation to the sample (instead of the usual translation) to evaluate the interpolation error. This rotational movement generates linearly varying displacement fields, and each point of a displacement field describes a distinct non-integer voxel position. As this rotation is a rigid body motion, the random error associated with tomographic noise is also taken into account.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This new method can generate several thousand interpolation error measurement points in only two acquisitions, allowing a very detailed and local assessment of this error. Additionally, and compared to existing methods in the literature (repeat scan), this method does not underestimate the random error, essential for assessing the overall performance of the DVC.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed method efficiently evaluates DVC performance by accurately assessing both interpolation and random errors through rotational sample movement, improving the reliability in DVC measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"269 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating De-Bonding Using an Impact Loaded Blister Test

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01137-y

S. Devi, V. Parameswaran

{"title":"Investigating De-Bonding Using an Impact Loaded Blister Test","authors":"S. Devi, V. Parameswaran","doi":"10.1007/s11340-024-01137-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-024-01137-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>De-bonding is a commonly observed failure in adhesively bonded system under impact loading. Therefore, it is important to understand such failures for properly designing and evaluating the integrity of these systems.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>An Impact Loaded Blister Test (ILBT) is proposed to investigate de-bonding under impact loading and to obtain the de-bond initiation toughness. Further the Cohesive Zone (CZ) parameters for de-bonding are also determined.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An adhesively bonded steel-Poly Metha Methyl Acrylate (PMMA) system was used for tests. A polycarbonate (PC) loading bar, impacted by another PC bar, was used to load the PMMA layer and initiate growth of an existing de-bond. From the strain history measured at mid-length of the loading bar, the load and load-point displacement histories were calculated. The critical energy release rate at the instant the de-bond starts to grow was calculated through an axisymmetric analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) with CZ was carried out and the remaining parameters of CZ were obtained by inverse approach.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>High-speed imaging of the de-bonding processes indicated a circular de-bond growing radially outward. Load-point displacement rate as high as 3.5 m/s was achieved. De-bond growth rate of 115 m/s and de-bond area growth rate of 8 m<sup>2</sup>/s were achieved. CZ parameters obtained through inverse approach were able to accurately predict the debonding observed in experiment.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The ILBT is demonstrated for isotropic material as a promising technique for determining the de-bond toughness and the CZ parameters of adhesively bonded systems under displacement rate comparable to that encountered in impact like situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"241 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Hall–Petch Law with an Elastic Limit Identification Method Using Kinematic Field Measurements

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01140-3

Q. Hu, A. Beaurain, J. F. Witz, A. El Bartali, D. Najjar

{"title":"Comparison of Hall–Petch Law with an Elastic Limit Identification Method Using Kinematic Field Measurements","authors":"Q. Hu, A. Beaurain, J. F. Witz, A. El Bartali, D. Najjar","doi":"10.1007/s11340-024-01140-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-024-01140-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plastic deformation in polycrystalline metals is highly heterogeneous due to the varied microstructure distribution. Although some traditional laws, such as the Hall–Petch law, describe the relationship between microstructure and yield stress, accurately predicting the initial yield stress (hence elastic limit) related to local plasticity activation remains challenging.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study proposes a novel approach to identify local elastic limits using full-field strain measurements, avoiding complex constitutive models.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Full-field kinematic measurements were performed on the heat-treated polycrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel. By examining the different mechanical responses during elastic and plastic deformation, the onset of plasticity activation for each grain is identified from its grain-average strain evolution, allowing further calculation of the grain-scale elastic limit.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Strain field observations indicate early strain localizations, particularly at twin boundaries and triple junctions. Based on microstructures segmented by ordinary grain and twin boundaries, considering and not considering twins, two different local elastic limits are identified.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The average elastic limit for the case considering twins is closer to the value obtained from the macroscopic stress–strain curve. In addition, the statistical analysis of the classified grain sizes reveals a more pronounced Hall–Petch relationship when twins are considered. These results indicate the necessity of considering twins in identifying the local mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"205 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing of Water with Partial Lateral Confinement

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01134-1

K.S.O. Li, A. Van Lerberghe, A. D. Barr, A. A. Dennis, S. D. Clarke

{"title":"Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing of Water with Partial Lateral Confinement","authors":"K.S.O. Li, A. Van Lerberghe, A. D. Barr, A. A. Dennis, S. D. Clarke","doi":"10.1007/s11340-024-01134-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-024-01134-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>For the first time, the high-strain-rate behaviour of water is investigated experimentally and validated to LS-DYNA numerical simulations, using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH).</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper presents the application of a modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) fitted with a partial lateral confinement apparatus on a water specimen.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>The lateral confinement is provided by a water reservoir surrounding the specimen. A pressure transducer is installed in the reservoir wall to measure lateral stresses, and a dispersion correction algorithm, <span>SHPB_Processing.py</span>, is utilised to obtain accurate measurements of axial and radial stresses and strains.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Experimental results underscore the capability of the modified apparatus to assess triaxial behaviour of water under high-strain rates. Comparisons with numerical modelling reveal that cohesion between water particles is non-existent, highlighting an intrinsic limitation in numerical modelling.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results highlight the capability to perform characterisation of fluids under high-strain rates. While limitations in numerical modelling still exist, numerical modelling and experimental testing using the modified apparatus can be applied to characterise fluid behaviour in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"195 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-024-01134-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Cover: A Novel Method to In-Situ Characterize Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel Based Superalloys by Laser Thermography 封面上：一种原位表征镍基高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的激光热成像新方法

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01132-3

引用次数: 0

Physics-Informed Neural Network Based Digital Image Correlation Method

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01139-w

B. Li, S. Zhou, Q. Ma, S. Ma

{"title":"Physics-Informed Neural Network Based Digital Image Correlation Method","authors":"B. Li, S. Zhou, Q. Ma, S. Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11340-024-01139-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-024-01139-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deep Learning-based Digital Image Correlation (DL-DIC) approaches take advantages such as pixel-wise calculation in a full-automatic manner without user's input and improved accuracy in non-uniform deformation measurements. However, DL-DIC still faces accuracy limitations due to the lack of high-precision real-world training data in supervised-learning methods and the need for smoothing noisy solutions in unsupervised-learning methods.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper proposes a DIC solution method based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN), called PINN-DIC, to address deformation measurement challenges of current DL-DIC in practical applications.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>PINN-DIC utilizes a fully connected neural network, with regularized spatial coordinate field as input and displacement field as output. It applies the photometric consistency assumption as a physical constraint, using grayscale differences between predicted and actual deformed images to construct a loss function for iterative optimization of the displacement field. Additionally, a warm-up stage is designed to assist in iterative optimization, allowing PINN-DIC to achieve high accuracy in analyzing both uniform and non-uniform displacement fields.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PINN-DIC, validated through simulations and real experiments, not only maintained the advantages of other DL-DIC methods but also demonstrated superior performance in achieving higher accuracy than conventional unsupervised DIC and handling irregular boundaries with adjusting the input coordinate field.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PINN-DIC is an unsupervised method that takes a regularized coordinate field (instead of speckle images) as input and achieves higher accuracy in deformation field results with a simple network. It introduces a novel approach to DL-DIC, enhancing performance in complex measurement scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 2","pages":"221 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Message from the Incoming Editor-in-Chief 社论：来自即将上任的总编辑的信息

IF 2 3区工程技术

Experimental Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-024-01133-2

J. Wang

引用次数: 0