Experimental Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Recyclable Multilayer Packaging Designs Utilising Controlled Interlayer Adhesion","authors":"M.C. Mulakkal,&nbsp;C. Ekins,&nbsp;J. Wen,&nbsp;R. Ramchandran,&nbsp;A.C. Taylor,&nbsp;S. Pimenta,&nbsp;M.N. Charalambides","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The packaging industry is utilising increased levels of bio-based or recycled plastics and virgin plastic-based packaging is irreplaceable in more demanding applications such as food and pharmaceutical storage where different types of functional plastics are combined in a laminate form to produce multilayered packaging (MLP). Even though MLP are very effective in packaging applications, the typical multilayer format is a barrier to effective recycling, limiting the value and market for the use of recovered materials.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article investigates two new multilayer packaging design concepts which enable separation of the constituent layers in MLP. In these designs, the typical thermoset based adhesive layer in MLP is replaced by (i) localised adhesion by patterning surface treatments on the layers (no dedicated tie-layer) and (ii) by a water-soluble adhesive layer.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>T-peel testing is performed to evaluate the level of adhesion. The feasibility of these designs to enable layer separation was also investigated through representative tests that the simulated typical processes of shredding and washing in recycling streams.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The effectiveness of masks to localise surface treatment and thus create regions of higher and lower adhesion was captured in the peel test results for design A. The comparatively low levels of adhesion in design A enabled an easy separation of layers. An excellent adhesive was observed in peel test for design B with water soluble tie layer and the layers were separated by dissolving the tie layer in water.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These concepts targeting the interface between MLP layers can be scaled with MLP complexity. Potentially, a combination of the two strategies could yield an optimal solution, where the total surface area of adhered MLP is reduced due to localised adhesion and a distinct water-soluble adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesive strength comparable to current MLP applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1199 - 1212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration Characteristics of 3D Printed Rigid Photopolymer Metamaterials Infiltrated with Biodegradable Shear Thickening Fluid","authors":"F. Scalzo,&nbsp;E. Vaglio","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01201-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01201-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hybrid metamaterials, obtained by infiltrating biodegradable shear-thickening fluids (STFs) into a porous structure, hold great promise for applications requiring enhanced sustainability and vibration reduction capabilities. However, research into the mechanical behavior of such hybrid materials remains limited.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aims to explore the vibration characteristics of 3D-printed hybrid metamaterials, investigating the effect of topology variation and providing experimental evidence supporting the effectiveness of biodegradable STF filler for vibration damping enhancement.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The dynamic properties of beam-like specimens integrating different types of metamaterials were evaluated through experimental modal analysis (EMA). Two distinct unit cell topologies, YRS (Y re-entrant structure) and FBCCZ (face and body-centered cell with vertical struts along the z-axis), were tested to observe the effect of geometric variation on the material’s dynamic properties. Additionally, each specimen was analyzed with and without a biodegradable STF filler.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>YRS specimens generally achieved better infiltration than FBCCZ specimens, likely due to the easier fluid flow within the structure. Analysis of Variance confirmed that cell topology and STF infiltration had a major influence on the damping behavior of the specimens. The damping ratio of the YRS specimens was, on average, 20% higher than that of the FBCCZ specimens. After STF infiltration, the damping ratio increased by an average of 14% for the FBCCZ specimens and 9% for the YRS specimens.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results highlighted the superior performance of the hybrid auxetic metamaterial infiltrated with the biodegradable non-Newtonian fluid, offering a sustainable solution for adaptive structural vibration control by utilizing the shear-rate sensitivity of the STF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1185 - 1198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01201-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innovative Drop Tower System for Quantifying Cavitation in Soft Biomaterials Under Repeated Mechanical Impacts","authors":"C. Kim,&nbsp;M. Kulak,&nbsp;A. Hampson,&nbsp;W. Kang","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01197-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01197-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Soft materials play a key role in biomedical applications due to their high deformability, but they are highly susceptible to damage and degradation under cyclic mechanical loading. The dynamic behavior of biological soft materials, particularly under high strain rates and repeated impacts, has garnered significant research interest related to traumatic injuries; however, these studies remain limited due to experimental challenges.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to develop and validate a novel system for non-invasively characterizing the dynamic mechanical responses of soft biomaterials under repeated high-strain-rate impacts and to explore how repeated impacts influence cavitation nucleation thresholds.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A custom-designed repeated impact tester, combining a conventional drop tower system with custom-built components, was developed. The dynamic characteristics of our novel repeated impact tester were validated through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental confirmation. Experimental validations were performed using 0.75w/v% agarose gel samples to demonstrate the tester’s capabilities.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our experimental studies, supported by a theoretical model, demonstrated that our new tester enables precise control and measurement of key dynamic characteristics of mechanical impacts. Using a novel non-optical detection method for identifying cavitation events, we tested 0.75w/v% agarose samples and observed that repeated impacts significantly reduce the critical acceleration required to trigger cavitation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The novel repeated impact tester provides valuable insights into the loading-history-dependent behavior of soft biomaterials, offering a new experimental capability for understanding damage mechanisms and advancing applications in biomedical engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1133 - 1145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Specimen for Paperboard Shear Delamination Testing","authors":"M. Ebrahimijamal,&nbsp;A. Biel,&nbsp;J. Tryding,&nbsp;M. Nygårds","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01204-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01204-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The out-of-plane shear behavior of paperboards plays a critical role in converting processes such as creasing and folding. The recently proposed Split Double Cantilever Beam (SDCB) specimen has been used to characterize this behavior using a cohesive zone model, but its large size poses handling challenges.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to optimize the SDCB specimen configuration to improve manageability while maintaining the quality of experimental measurements.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A design of experiments (DOE) approach and finite element analysis incorporating a mixed-mode interface model were used to analyze the influence of key specimen parameters. Shear reaction force and rotation relative to shear deformation were assessed to guide the optimization.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A redesigned SDCB specimen was identified, achieving a 40% reduction in size and weight (retaining 60% of the original dimensions) without compromising the experimental quality. The optimized configuration maintained comparable measurement accuracy to the original design.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed SDCB specimen redesign offers a more manageable experimental setup, enhancing usability in experimental studies while preserving the reliability of shear behavior characterization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1147 - 1165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01204-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Foam Reinforcement and Geometric Parameters on the Mechanics of Re-Entrant Auxetic Structures","authors":"E. Kucukkalfa,&nbsp;B. Yilmaz,&nbsp;K. Yildiz","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01205-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01205-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enhancing the energy absorption capacity and strength-to-weight ratio of engineering structures under compression and impact loads is crucial. Auxetic lattice structures, which feature a negative Poisson’s ratio, offer enhanced energy absorption through their geometric designs that cause inward clustering rather than outward expansion under compression, yet typically suffer from low stiffness and load-carrying capacity.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>Rigid polymeric foam reinforcement within the unit cells can substantially improve their mechanical properties, including compressive stiffness and energy absorption. This study examines how polyurethane (PU) foam reinforcement affects re-entrant auxetic lattice structures, considering variations in cell wall thickness and unit cell numbers.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Utilizing three distinct cell wall thicknesses and three different unit cell numbers while maintaining the overall geometry constant, PU foams are synthesized directly within the unit cells to study the mechanical properties under compression tests.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Comprehensive analyses reveal that both cell wall thickness and unit cell numbers significantly enhance mechanical performance, along with the integration of PU foam which dramatically amplifies energy absorption related properties. Additional data-driven modeling revealed that stiffness and strength are predominantly governed by the number of unit cells, while foam reinforcement enhances energy absorption, validating the deformation mechanisms observed during mechanical testing. Among the configurations tested, the sample with the thickest cell walls and the highest number of unit cells, reinforced with directly synthesized polyurethane foam, demonstrated the most significant improvement, achieving a specific energy absorption of 10.211 MJ/kg, which highlights the critical role of optimal foam integration in boosting the mechanical performance of auxetic structures under compressive loads.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed method effectively enhances the mechanical performance of auxetic lattice structures by integrating PU foam reinforcement, significantly improving compressive stiffness and energy absorption capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1167 - 1181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01205-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments and Computational Modeling of a Sealed Open Cell Foam in an Underwater Shock Tube","authors":"E. L. Guzas,&nbsp;B. M. Casper,&nbsp;M. A. Babina,&nbsp;I. N. Chenwi,&nbsp;A. Shukla","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01194-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01194-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Open cell foams have recently been used as a simulant for lung parenchyma to model underwater blast injury and thus the foam’s mechanical response characteristics are of interest to the underwater blast community.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The compressive response of a soft, sealed open cell foam (FlexFoam-iT! VIII) subjected to underwater hydrostatic pressure and shock is investigated through an experimental and computational study.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Real-time deformation of the foam during loading is captured via high-speed cameras, and a 3D digital image correlation technique calculates the foam’s transient volumetric strain. Fully coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models of the experiments are developed for the FSI code Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), where the Arruda-Boyce hyperelastic model calculates the foam constitutive behavior.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Simulated foam volumetric strains exhibit excellent correlation to shock test data. Hydrostatic experiments show that deformation of the sealed foam under hydrostatic compression is similar to the behavior of compressed air, until reaching volumetric strain levels exceeding 50%. Quasistatic DYSMAS simulations at numerous applied hydrostatic pressures produce volumetric strains between those measured in hydrostatic experiments with sealed foam (lower bound of strain at a given pressure) and in confined compression experiments with unsealed foam (upper bound).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The FSI modeling approach in DYSMAS showed a strong correlation with experimental results. Given this foam's prior successful use in a physical lung simulant, this computational approach is a good candidate for future modeling of human lung tissue response to underwater shock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1097 - 1115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01194-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Humerus Bone’s Fracture Patterns and Fixation Systems Via Laser Vibrometry","authors":"B. Carboni,&nbsp;S. K. Guruva,&nbsp;S. Gumina,&nbsp;V. Candela,&nbsp;J. Tirilló,&nbsp;C. Sergi,&nbsp;T. Valente,&nbsp;W. Lacarbonara","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01198-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01198-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The mechanical performance assessment of orthopedic fixation systems is computationally and experimentally challenging due to the complex geometrical and mechanical features of bones. Non-contact experimental techniques, widely adopted in several engineering fields, is shown to overcome these issues.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This work discusses a comparative experimental investigation into specimens mimicking healthy humerus bones and fractured bones subject to an innovative surgery procedure and to a classical technique referred to as the gold standard surgery. The new surgery consists in the installation of an external fixation mechanism that constrains, according to different spatial patterns, a certain number of titanium slender bars inserted and clamped into the fractured bones.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The mechanical properties of artificial bones are characterized through compressive tests, while the morphology of the fracture surface is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. A three-dimensional laser vibrometer is used to measure the resonance frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and mechanical waves propagating from the actuators across the surface of the bones.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results provide insights into which configuration of the fixator performs better for a fast recovery. Based on the observed dynamic behaviors, the optimal configuration of the fixator offers performance that is comparable to, or potentially better than, the gold standard surgical procedure.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The novelty and feasibility of the adopted experimental approach paves the way towards the adoption of advanced non-contact techniques for the mechanical characterization of complex, non-homegenous and anisotropic materials and structures in biomedical applications enabling also data-driven models of the systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1117 - 1132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01198-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cover: Overcoming Dynamic Stiffness Damping Trade Off with Structural Gradients in 3D Printed Elastomeric Gyroid Lattices","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01202-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01202-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 6","pages":"819 - 819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method to Perform an Experimental Modal Analysis of a Medium Head Francis Runner in Operation","authors":"A. Tessier,&nbsp;M. Coulaud,&nbsp;D. Thibault,&nbsp;S. Houde,&nbsp;Y. St-Amant","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01185-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01185-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hydraulic turbines are increasingly used outside the range of operation for which they were designed due to the growth of electricity produced by wind and solar power sources, which are intermittent. The new operating ranges cause high level of vibrations that reduce significantly the lifespan of the turbine runner. Modal parameters of the runner are influenced by the operating condition, but the extent of this influence remains unknown. Closely spaced modes, which are typical in turbine runners, also remain challenging to identify.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper presents a methodology for conducting an experimental modal analysis of a medium head model Francis turbine runner during operation, with the objective of identifying its natural frequencies and damping ratios while minimizing the impact on the hydraulic surface.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The runner of a medium head model Francis turbine is instrumented with piezoelectric actuators located on the outer side of the band and semiconductor strain gauges on the blades and the inner side of the band. Classical strain gauges and accelerometers are installed as reference measurements. Piezoelectric actuators are driven by sine sweep signals to generate standing and travelling waves matching the mode shapes of band dominant modes. Natural frequencies and damping ratios are then identified from the frequency response functions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The energy injected by the piezoelectric actuators is sufficiently high to excite band-dominant natural modes of the runner in operation. The high sensitivity of semiconductor strain gauges allows for low-noise measurements compared to classical strain gauges. The quality of the obtained frequency response functions is high, enabling the identification of natural frequencies and damping ratios and resulting in strong agreement between measured and model-predicted responses. With eight piezoelectric actuators located on the band, the use of traveling wave excitation pattern allows for the individual excitation of the forward and backward components of the first two pairs of band-dominant natural modes.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed method for conducting experimental modal analysis enables the identification of modal parameters of a model Francis turbine runner in operation. By using a traveling wave excitation pattern, the method allows for the individual excitation of the forward and backward components of band-dominant natural modes—provided the number of actuators is sufficiently large—which is particularly beneficial for identifying closely spaced modes when such modes are present.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1081 - 1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Drilling Induced Heating During IHD of FRP Laminates","authors":"M. Horan,&nbsp;T. C. Smit,&nbsp;R.G. Reid","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01196-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01196-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Incremental hole-drilling has been used extensively in composite laminates, however, the low thermal conductivity of GFRP laminates results in drilling induced heat build-up near the hole. This can lead to measurement errors due to post-cure shrinkage of the matrix, and additional thermal drift errors arising from the necessary data acquisition delay after each drilling increment to allow adequate heat dissipation before taking strain measurements.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>Investigate the significance of drilling induced post-cure shrinkage and the effects of different bottom-surface thermal boundary conditions on the drilling induced heat dissipation in GFRP laminates during IHD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>IHD is performed on GFRP laminates, specifically an annealed <span>([0_{8}])</span> laminate and a <span>([0_{2}/90_{2}]_{s})</span> laminate with different support configurations. The through-thickness residual stress distribution is determined using the integral computational method. The magnitude of drilling induced post-cure shrinkage effects and those of the different thermal boundary conditions are investigated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>IHD on the annealed <span>([0_{8}])</span> specimens demonstrated that drilling induced post-cure shrinkage effects are not significant. The use of different thermal boundary conditions for the <span>([0_{2}/90_{2}]_{s})</span> specimens demonstrated the necessity for good heat transfer out of the laminate to achieve accurate results.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Carefully performed IHD does not cause sufficient drilling induced heating to result in post-cure shrinkage of GFRP laminates. Experimental parameters and the thermal boundary conditions of the bottom surface must be carefully considered to ensure a successful measurement. A lack of good heat transfer out of the bottom surface of the specimen increases the required testing time and can produce unreliable results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 7","pages":"1069 - 1080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01196-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}