Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"3-Oxo-C10-HSL accumulation and functional responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in anoxic bioelectrochemical systems for wastewater treatment and valorization: effects of C/N ratio and nitrate availability","authors":"Nahid Movahedi,&nbsp;Reza Panahi,&nbsp;Farshad Yazdani,&nbsp;Hamid Moghimi","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10402-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10402-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how environmental conditions influence microbial functions is essential for optimizing biological wastewater treatment and bioelectrochemical systems. This study investigated the effects of carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and nitrate availability on 3-oxo-C10-HSL accumulation and the functional responses of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 9027 under anoxic conditions using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Initial C/N ratios of 1, 10, and 30 were established using sodium acetate and KNO₃. After 240 h of operation, 3-oxo-C10-HSL concentrations were 18.9 ± 16.4, 91.1 ± 59.5, and 202.3 ± 51.3 nM at C/N ratios of 1, 10, and 30, respectively, while residual nitrate concentrations were 7.5 ± 1.5, 1.5 ± 0.4, and 0.8 ± 0.7 mM. 3-oxo-C10-HSL was not detected in the limited aerobic experiments conducted for comparison. 3-oxo-C10-HSL accumulation was associated with nitrate depletion and was greater at higher initial C/N ratios following nitrate depletion. COD and nitrate removal exceeded 89% and 91%, respectively. PYO accumulation was higher at lower C/N ratios, whereas biofilm thickness increased from approximately 25 to 40 and 60 µm at C/N ratios of 1, 10, and 30, respectively. The C/N ratio also affected MFC electrochemical performance. Overall, the results indicate that C/N ratio and nitrate availability were associated with 3-oxo-C10-HSL accumulation and multiple functional responses of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> 9027 under anoxic conditions. These findings highlight C/N ratio and nitrate availability as important environmental factors that may be considered for regulating microbial processes in wastewater-treatment and bioelectrochemical systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149316934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic low-dose KOH-assisted ultrasonic pretreatment enhances methane production from waste activated sludge: performance and mechanistic insights","authors":"Satesh Kumar Devrajani,&nbsp;Hadia Akber Samoo","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10403-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10403-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigated the synergistic effects of low-dose KOH coupled ultrasonic (US) pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. This study addresses the limited investigation of KOH-assisted ultrasonication and evaluates whether low-dose KOH can improve ultrasonic sludge disintegration and methane recovery while reducing reliance on ultrasound as a stand-alone pretreatment. The results demonstrated that the combination of KOH and US significantly enhanced methane production compared with the control and individual pretreatments. Under optimal conditions (0.11 g KOH/g TSS with US at 25 kHz for 15 min), the cumulative methane yield reached 163.44 ± 3.67 mL/g VSS, representing increases of approximately 60%, 40%, and 8% over the control, individual US, and KOH pre-treatments, respectively. Kinetic modeling analysis further confirmed that the combined KOH and US pre-treatment enhanced both the methane potential and hydrolysis rate, indicating accelerated sludge biodegradation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that KOH-assisted US pretreatment effectively disrupted extracellular polymeric substances and microbial cell walls, substantially increasing the disintegration of waste activated sludge and the biodegradability of soluble organic matter. Microbial community analysis showed that combined KOH + US pretreatment shifted the community structure toward increased relative abundance of several functional microorganisms associated with acidogenesis, syntrophic metabolism, and methanogenesis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149293814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of BC/KC-based films containing natural extracts and their application as active packaging for mozzarella cheese","authors":"Alice da Conceição Alves de Lima,&nbsp;José Francielson Queiroz Pereira,&nbsp;Ivo Diego de Lima Silva,&nbsp;Gisely Alves da Silva,&nbsp;Andréia Monteiro Santana Silva Brito,&nbsp;Viviane Fonseca Caetano,&nbsp;Glória Maria Vinhas","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10401-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10401-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The resistance of conventional plastic packaging to degradation causes severe environmental impacts, driving the development of sustainable alternatives. This study investigated the biodegradation of biopolymer-based films composed of bacterial cellulose/kappa-carrageenan (BC/KC) blends incorporated with natural extracts under controlled (ex situ) and natural semi-arid conditions in Pernambuco, Brazil (in situ). Soil microbial populations were characterized, and the films were evaluated as antimicrobial packaging for mozzarella cheese. The films showed high susceptibility to biodegradation, with mass losses of 50–100% under field conditions, potentially enhanced by termite activity. Biodegradation also induced structural, morphological, and thermal changes. Microbiological analyses revealed bacterial and fungal populations in both soils, with the ex situ soil showing the highest counts (7.12 Log CFU/g for bacteria and 5.10 Log CFU/g for fungi). In the mozzarella cheese application, BC/KC-S and EC4-S films exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with a final count of 6.45 Log CFU/g. The significance of this study lies in integrating laboratory and field biodegradation assessments with antimicrobial packaging evaluation, providing insights into the environmental behavior and potential food packaging applications of BC/KC-based films. These findings support the development of biodegradable packaging alternatives that combine environmental degradability with antimicrobial functionality.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a synthetic bacterial–fungal consortium for cephalexin biodegradation: transformation pathways and ecotoxicological assessment","authors":"Reihaneh Moridshahi,&nbsp;Zahra Etemadifar,&nbsp;Davoud Biria","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10383-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10383-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cephalexin (CPX), a widely used β-lactam antibiotic, is frequently detected in aquatic environments and poses risks to ecological and human health, yet the biodegradation pathways underlying its microbial removal remain incompletely characterized. In this study, a synthetic bacterial–fungal consortium (CPXS), comprising <i>Achromobacter aegrifaciens, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Elizabethkingia anophelis, Bacillus wiedmannii</i>, and <i>Geotrichum pandrosion</i>, was constructed and evaluated for CPX biodegradation. Following systematic single-factor and multivariable optimization (pH 8, 30 °C, 85 mg/L CPX), the consortium achieved 98.5% CPX removal within 48 h, and degradation was further accelerated to 30 h with sodium acetate as a co-substrate. LC–MS-based accurate mass profiling was used to identify 19 transformation products, from which five plausible degradation pathways were predicted, proposed to be initiated by ring-opening hydrolysis of the β-lactam moiety and proceeding through key intermediates, including 2-amino-2-phenylacetamide, toward simple terminal metabolites such as N-methylacetamide and (Z)-but-2-enal, consistent with substantial progression toward mineralization. The consortium also degraded amoxicillin and ampicillin in synthetic and real municipal wastewater, indicating broad-spectrum activity and applicability under complex matrix conditions. Toxicity assays using <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and HEK-293 cells showed that degraded samples retained negligible antibacterial activity and exhibited low cytotoxicity, confirming effective detoxification of CPX and its byproducts. Overall, this study proposes a detailed, multi-pathway degradation network for CPX mediated by a bacterial–fungal consortium, culminating in simple bioassimilable end products, and identifies CPXS as a promising candidate for the bioremediation of β-lactam antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of humic acid-degrading microorganisms from natural environments","authors":"Yujie Cao,&nbsp;Zhenle Lei,&nbsp;Qing He,&nbsp;Shangtian Wei,&nbsp;Wenjing Chen,&nbsp;Tongyu Pang","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10397-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10397-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humic acid (HA) is an important component of natural organic matter and is widely present in soils, sediments, and wastewater. Due to its complex aromatic structure and high chemical stability, HA exhibits poor biodegradability and increases the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Microbial degradation has attracted increasing attention as an environmentally friendly approach for HA removal. However, functional HA-degrading microorganisms from natural organic matter-rich environments remain insufficiently explored. In this study, artificial lake sediment and humified soil beneath decayed ginkgo wood were selected as microbial sources for screening HA-degrading microorganisms. A total of 33 microbial isolates were obtained through enrichment culture, acclimation, and screening procedures. Among them, three representative strains, designated as HA-X1, HA-X4, and HA-Z3, exhibited relatively higher HA removal efficiencies. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification, HA-X1 and HA-X4 were assigned to Bacillus-related taxa, while HA-Z3 was affiliated with the genus Phoma. The growth characteristics and HA removal performances of the selected strains under different initial HA concentrations, pH conditions, and inoculum dosages were further investigated. The results showed that all selected strains could grow in HA-containing media and exhibited HA removal capability under the tested conditions. Among the three strains, HA-X4 showed the highest overall removal performance. The selected strains displayed different responses to environmental factors, indicating variations in their HA transformation characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the morphological characteristics of bacterial cells and fungal mycelial structures. This study provides functional microbial resources for further investigation of HA biodegradation and the development of biological treatment technologies for HA-containing wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Brassica juncea waste into iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] remediation: characterization, experimental kinetics, isotherms, and machine learning optimization","authors":"Aditi Raj,&nbsp;Pammi Gauba,&nbsp;Ekta Bhatt","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10392-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10392-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant because of its toxicity and long-term persistence. As a result, remediation of Cr(VI) is urgently needed to save the ecosystem and human health. There are several traditional remediation methods that are not sustainable. Therefore, the current work explores the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (BJ-IONPs) derived from Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) waste. The synthesized BJ-IONPs were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry - Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta Potential, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques for the surface morphology, physical charge, and particle size. Additionally, batch studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of synthesized nanoparticles for Cr(VI) remediation by varying the pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time. Following the experiments, maximum adsorption i.e. 99.66% (3.83 mg g⁻¹) was achieved at a pH of 4.24 and a temperature of 40 °C with an adsorbent dose of 2.6 g L⁻¹ for 10 mg L⁻¹ Cr(VI). The process of adsorption was best reported by the Elovich and Intraparticle Diffusion (IPD) models and showed good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm. Apart from this, this study also developed an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to validate the experimental data and predict the rate of adsorption beyond the environment of lab setting. With a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9564, the model showed a remarkable prediction capacity, verifying the accuracy of the adsorption process simulation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride by soil-screened Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans","authors":"Madan Lal Meghwar,&nbsp; Iqra Arshad,&nbsp;Mehtab Rai Meghwar,&nbsp;Dandan Yan,&nbsp;Maryam Javaid,&nbsp;Wei Yu,&nbsp;Yuan Long,&nbsp;Shanglian Hu,&nbsp;Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10399-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10399-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant and persistent environmental problem. We aimed to isolate and screen microbial strains capable of degrading polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). We collected soil from sites with a history of plastic pollution. Of the isolated bacterial and fungal strains, three fungal strains, <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> (PE-1), <i>Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i> (PVC-1), and <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> (PVC-3), were screened positively for possessing a high degradation potential. The UV-radiation-mediated enhanced degradation process was analyzed using several techniques, including weight loss assessment, fungal biomass determination, and advanced techniques such as FTIR, SEM, GC–MS, and XRD. The results indicated significant weight losses of 23.0% in PE due to PE-1, and 17.80 and 14.3% in PVC films due to PVC-1 and PVC-3, indicating microbial degradation of the plastics. FTIR and SEM analyses revealed structural and morphological changes consistent with fungal surface oxidation and deterioration. GC–MS analysis also identified various degradation products, such as alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, resulting from polymer degradation; based on these products, a degradation pathway for PE and PVC is proposed in this study. This study suggests the potential of microbial biodegradation as an affordable and eco-friendly means to reduce plastic waste in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting perchlorate-reducing bacteria: report of the genera Psychrobacter, Planococcus, Carnobacterium, and Paeniglutamicibacter isolated in Cierva Point, Antarctica, and its contribution to SDG 3","authors":"Dainis Puentes-Martínez,&nbsp;Julieta Florez-Cuadrado,&nbsp;Leidy Martínez-Los nuevos,&nbsp;Valentina Cardona-Martelo,&nbsp;Yacira Cassiani-Arroyo,&nbsp;Isis Hernández-Rocha,&nbsp;Carolina Rubiano-Labrador,&nbsp;Andrea Monroy-Licht,&nbsp;Rosa Acevedo-Barrios","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10400-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10400-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) is a global contaminant that has been detected in various environmental matrices. ClO₄⁻ is considered an emerging pollutant because of its potent endocrine-disrupting effects, which impairs iodine uptake in the thyroid gland, and its high toxicity and persistence. Therefore, the development of technologies for its reduction in ecosystems is imperative; bioremediation is a promising technology for ClO₄⁻ reduction. In this study, bacterial strains isolated from marine sediments at Cierva Point, an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA No. 134), were characterized. The methodology consisted of four stages: i) isolation of the bacterial strains; ii) characterization of isolated strains by morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits; iii) susceptibility tests against NaCl and ClO₄⁻; iv) ClO₄⁻ removal assays using a selective electrode. The strains grew at 10 °C for 7 days and tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 30% w/v. All isolates grew at ClO₄⁻ concentrations of 10,000 mg/L, and five isolates also grew at 15,000 mg/L. Phylogenetic analysis identified members of the genera <i>Psychrobacter, Planococcus, Carnobacterium</i>, and <i>Paeniglutamicibacter</i>, capable of removing the contaminant in percentages between 40% and 52%. In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 on promoting health and well-being, this project supports both ecosystem conservation and public health protection. In conclusion, the bacterial strains isolated from Cierva Point marine sediments, Antarctica, represent valuable resources for the bioremediation of ClO₄⁻ contamination, demonstrating significant potential to reduce and mitigate the pollutant in affected ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10532-026-10400-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of biomaterials for bioremediation in agriculture: the importance of correct classification of the biocompatibility of immobilized microorganisms","authors":"Leidaiany Pereira dos Santos,&nbsp;Douglas Martins de Oliveira Bessa,&nbsp;Fabíola Almeida Bezerra,&nbsp;Douglas Henrique Pereira,&nbsp;Grasiele Soares Cavallini,&nbsp;Vanessa Mara Chapla,&nbsp;Nelson Luis Gonçalves Dias de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10384-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10384-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of biomaterials for environmental bioremediation has emerged as a sustainable and promising strategy, becoming a consolidated research area within the field of contaminated soil treatment. In this context, advances in material science and biotechnology have enabled the development of innovative immobilization supports that improve microbial stability, protection, and biodegradation performance. Among these materials, polymeric matrices combined with natural biodegradable components have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing pesticide degradation efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. However, the accurate, standardized, and robust characterization of biocompatibility remains a critical challenge, which limits the large-scale application and commercialization of these biomaterials. To address this knowledge gap, this review discusses the importance of biocompatibility classification, microbial immobilization strategies, and viability assessment methods for microorganisms entrapped in different matrices. Additionally, it underscores the imperative for the development of more dependable quality control methodologies to guarantee the efficacy, safety, and scalability of biomaterial-based bioremediation technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13695632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice husk biochar-immobilized bacterial consortium enhances reduction of parent-herbicide residues in wheat-vegetated soil contaminated with a ternary herbicide mixture","authors":"Alishba Javed,&nbsp;Khawaja Taimoor Rashid,&nbsp;Rabia Rasheed,&nbsp;Samina Anwar,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Samina Iqbal","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10396-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, bacterial consortium AF-3 comprising of four herbicide-degrading bacterial strains was evaluated for the remediation of a ternary mixture of fluroxypyr-meptyl, mesosulfuron-methyl and florasulam. The consortium consisted of <i>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</i>, <i>Bordetella petrii</i>, <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. and <i>Paracoccus pantotrophus</i>. AF-3 showed strong degradation potential against the herbicide mixture in liquid culture. Taguchi L9 screening showed herbicide-specific effects of pH, temperature, medium composition and herbicide concentration. Because optimum conditions differed among the three herbicides, a common practical condition of pH 8.0, 35 °C, MSM and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ of each herbicide was selected for a separate ternary-mixture validation experiment. AF-3 degraded 98% fluroxypyr-meptyl, 66% mesosulfuron-methyl and 88% florasulam after 16 days. The remediation potential of AF-3 was further evaluated in wheat-vegetated soil contaminated with the three herbicides at 10:5:5 mg kg⁻¹. Free AF-3 reduced parent-herbicide residues by 82, 58 and 82%, respectively. Immobilization of AF-3 on rice husk biochar increased these reductions to 90, 78 and 88%, with apparent half-lives of 35, 66 and 39 days for fluroxypyr-meptyl, mesosulfuron-methyl and florasulam, respectively. HPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis detected ten transformation products and showed biotransformation of all three herbicides. The rice seed bioassay showed lower phytotoxic effects in soil amended with rice husk biochar-immobilized AF-3. These results show that rice husk biochar-immobilized AF-3 can be used for reducing parent-herbicide residues and associated phytotoxic effects in crop-rooted soil contaminated with multiple herbicides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}