Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Microfibres versus fragments: differential impacts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA6) microplastics on anaerobic digestion efficiency and microbial ecology","authors":"Nimitha Choran,&nbsp;Banu Örmeci","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10277-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10277-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rising microplastic (MP) pollution can significantly affect engineered treatment systems such as anaerobic digestion (AD). While prior studies have investigated the influence of individual polymers, varying concentrations and sizes on AD, the role of MP morphology and polymer interactions remains underexplored. This study investigated these factors using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 6 (PA6) MPs, both in isolation and in combination (1:1 ratio), introduced as microfibres (MFs) and fragments at three concentrations, 1, 5, and 15 mg/gTS. Results revealed morphology-dependent effects on methane production. MF exposure inhibited methane yield by 10–17% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with PET and mixed polymers exhibiting a correlation to MP concentration. In contrast, fragments enhanced methane yield, particularly PA6 and mixed (PET and PA6) polymers increased methane output by 9 and 17% at the highest dose, respectively. Kinetic modelling further revealed that MFs consistently reduced methane production potential, apparent degradation and hydrolysis rate, whereas fragment trends were polymer-driven. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed greater surface roughness in PA6, which enhanced microbial colonization compared to PET. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with MF addition, especially at the highest concentration, suggested higher oxidative stress and microbial inhibition. Microbial community analysis showed that exposure to MP fragments resulted in similar bacterial shifts across different polymer types, compared to the more diverse effects observed with MFs. Archaeal diversity was more affected by particle shape than polymer composition. All MP treatments favoured a shift toward hydrogenotrophic over aceticlastic methanogenesis. PET and mixed MF addition resulted in a substantial decline in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (18–20%) from 42% in the control and other methanogenic taxa compared to their fragment counterparts. MF addition disrupted community structure, suppressed additive-degrading taxa, and increased acetogenic groups such as Synergistetes. Overall, the findings suggest that a comprehensive understanding of all influencing factors, including MP morphology, polymer type and concentrations, is important for effective AD system management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and characterisation of petroleum hydrocarbon–degrading bacteria isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil in Libya","authors":"Aysha B. Mezoughi,&nbsp;Aisha S. Amer,&nbsp;Zaineb O. Ettarhouni,&nbsp;Khaled M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Zaynab K. Kremed,&nbsp;Ajaya Bhattarai","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10275-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10275-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Remediating petroleum-contaminated soils from oil fields is one of the most challenging tasks for both the Libyan oil sector and the global oil industry. It is therefore necessary to isolate and identify bacteria capable of metabolically synthesising biosurfactants from oil-contaminated soil, as they can be used for bioremediation. Two bacterial strains, which degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and produce biosurfactants, were isolated from oil-contaminated soils in the southern Sirte basin in central North Libya, using an enrichment technique. Morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analyses indicated that the isolates are more likely to be of the species <i>Dietzia cinnamea</i> and <i>Rhodococcus pyridinivorans</i>. The biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil and diesel oil separately (1% v/v) was evaluated after 14 days of incubation for both strains using the GC-FID technique. The strains effectively degraded 91.87% and 75.35% of the crude oil. Whereas for diesel oil, they displayed a lower BE of 87.61% and 70.14%, respectively. Multiple screening tests were then used to check for the production of bioemulsifiers in the bacterial isolates. The drop collapse test was positive for both bacteria tested, collapsing the culture supernatant in less than 30 s. The oil spread test performed with crude oil showed a clear zone of 2.98 ± 0.02 cm and 2.71 ± 0.04 cm in diameter, respectively. Furthermore, the emulsification index (E₂₄) of biosurfactant against diesel oil was measured to be 34 ± 0.17% and 30.8 ± 0.3%, respectively. It was found that biosurfactants can enhance the efficiency of oil degradation, which makes them attractive for future application in the MEOR (microbial enhanced oil recovery) process. Therefore, it has potential applications in bioremediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar and GA3 on maize growth under defined drought and salinity stress in a pot-based factorial experiment","authors":"Xiang Ding,&nbsp;Tauseef Anwar,&nbsp;Huma Qureshi,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Azizakhon Imirsinova,&nbsp;Ulugbek Mirzaev,&nbsp;Kabulzhan Azizov,&nbsp;Abduvali Iminov,&nbsp;Mambetnazarov Asan,&nbsp;Nazih Y. Rebouh,&nbsp;Raifə Salmanova,&nbsp;Ibtisam M. Alsudays,&nbsp;Khalid H. Alamer,&nbsp;Dilrabo Kodirova,&nbsp;Shavkat Durxadjayev","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10270-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10270-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Zea mays</i> L. (maize) is a globally important cereal crop whose productivity is highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, particularly drought and salinity. Biochar (BC) and plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA₃) have been proposed as sustainable strategies to enhance crop performance under adverse conditions; however, evidence for their combined effects under controlled stress environments remains limited. This pot experiment (10 kg soil per pot) was conducted under a Completely Randomized Design to evaluate BC and GA₃, alone and in combination, under drought stress (40% field capacity) and two levels of salinity stress: 6 dS m⁻¹ representing high salinity and 2.41 dS m⁻¹ representing moderate salinity commonly observed in regional irrigated soils. Germination percentage (recorded at 7 DAS), seedling growth (15 DAS), biomass, and chlorophyll pigments (mg g⁻¹ FW at 21 DAS) were assessed. Under drought, germination decreased to 60% in untreated plants but improved to 79% with BC + GA₃, while shoot length increased from 4.15 to 5.93 cm and root length from 3.65 to 5.43 cm. Shoot fresh and dry weights increased from 1.50 to 2.13 g and 0.70 to 0.90 g, respectively. Under moderate salinity (2.41 dS m⁻¹), germination improved to 82%, shoot length increased from 20.33 to 22.83 cm, and shoot dry weight from 0.674 to 0.989 g with combined application, while chlorophyll contents were maintained approximately 20–35% higher than stressed controls. Overall, BC and GA₃, particularly when applied together, supported better germination, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll retention under drought and salinity stress, indicating promising potential under pot conditions, although field validation remains necessary before agronomic recommendations can be finalized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically engineered organisms for sustainable bioremediation of polluted environments","authors":"Juma Ahmada Salum,&nbsp;Bhuvnesh Kapoor,&nbsp;Swati Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10268-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10268-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental pollution, a critical global challenge fuelled by industrialization, urbanization, and population growth, threatens ecosystems, biodiversity, and public health. Genetically engineered organisms (GEOs)-bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants provide innovative bioremediation strategies to combat this crisis by degrading or detoxifying pollutants, including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and microplastics. Through targeted genetic modifications, such as enzyme or metabolic pathway enhancements, GEOs improve pollutant degradation efficiency, environmental adaptability, and resilience in contaminated ecosystems. This review synthesizes GEO-based bioremediation mechanisms, including bioaugmentation, bio-stimulation, and phytoremediation, and their applications across water, soil, and air pollution. We highlight GEOs’ specificity, sustainability, and long-term efficacy while addressing ecological risks, such as unintended gene transfer, regulatory complexities, and ethical concerns. Case studies demonstrate synergies with emerging technologies like nanotechnology and biosensors, optimizing bioremediation outcomes. Despite challenges, advancements in multi-functional GEOs and regulatory frameworks, coupled with innovations like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), promise to bridge gaps and enhance scalability. Future research should prioritise ecological safety and regulatory alignment to fully harness GEOs’ potential, ensuring sustainable, eco-friendly solutions for managing complex modern pollution.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating selenium nutrition-toxicity in cadmium stressed maize with date palm frond biochar","authors":"Maryam M. Alomran,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Adel A. Rezk,&nbsp;Tamara Oserbaeva,&nbsp;Tarek A. Shalaby,&nbsp;Zarovshan Babayeva,&nbsp;Mohamed M. El-Mogy,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alasmari","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10271-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10271-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in maize possesses a significant threat to crop safety and productivity in developing countries. Selenium (Se), on the other hand is reported to have dose dependent nutritional as well as toxic roles in maize, which are not well explored under co-existence of Cd and date palm frond biochar (FB) and important residue available in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The present pot experiment explored effect of FB applications (@1%) on Maize growth, yield, physiology, biochemical and elemental (Cd/Se) attributes under Cd (0 and 50 mg kg⁻¹) and Se (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg⁻¹) soil applied treatments. The FB resulted in significant enhancement of maize growth and physiology while modulating antioxidants activity suggesting stress reversal and reduction in oxidative stress demand under Cd and Se co-stressed conditions. The FB application effectively reduced the maize root, shoot and grain Cd concentrations and associated targeted health quotient (THQ) from potential contaminated grain consumptions. Concurrently, FB influenced Se bioavailability and decreased its transfer to grain, thereby moderating Se accumulation and associated health risk at highest application dose (20 mg kg⁻¹), while Se showed beneficial effects at the lower applied concentrations, further enhanced by FB applications. Overall, the results showed that FB can be an effective soil conditioning amendment under controlled conditions for not only managing in Cd phytotoxicity but also regulating nutritional-toxicity balance of Se in maize plant, helping avoid its transition from a beneficial nutrient to toxic pollutant in maize grains intended for human consumption.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing bacterial power and omics technologies for sustainable plastic waste biodegradation","authors":"Ahmed R. Henawy,&nbsp;Salma M. Ismail,&nbsp;Sama Gharib,&nbsp;Nagwa I. Elarabi,&nbsp;Abdelhadi A. Abdelhadi,&nbsp;Asmaa A. Halema","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10258-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10258-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic pollution constitutes a critical environmental concern of this era, with synthetic polymers, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane (PU), accumulating in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at alarming rates. One of the promising solutions to this worldwide problem is microbial plastic degradation, particularly by bacteria that can convert polymeric materials into less toxic compounds. With an emphasis on enzymatic mechanisms, critical environmental and biochemical factors influencing degradation, and the wide variety of bacteria responsible for breaking down synthetic polymers, this review focuses on the enzymatic and genetic aspects underlying bacterial plastic degradation, highlighting key enzymes such as PETase, METase, esterase, and oxidoreductase, as well as representative plastic-degrading bacteria i.e<i>. Thermobifida, Ideonella, Bacillus, Agromyces, Pseudomonas, Schlegelella</i> species. The significance of multi-omics tools, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics was demonstrated here in deepening our understanding of microbial plastic degradation without depending on pure culture. It explores the key genes and metabolic pathways that facilitate this process. Moreover, how advanced biotechnological techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) can participate in plastic biodegradation through enzyme engineering, activity-enhancing mutation design, predictive modeling, and omics data analysis was illustrated. Furthermore, this review underscores the necessity for integrative and interdisciplinary approaches to effectively harness bacterial metabolism for long-term reduction of plastic pollution. Also, it outlines future research directions and technological priorities for translating bacterial plastic degradation into practical and sustainable remediation solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10532-026-10258-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment hydrocarbon‑degrading bacterial communities from the southern Gulf of Mexico in long‑term stored sediments","authors":"E. Ernestina Godoy-Lozano,&nbsp;Luciana Raggi,&nbsp;Alejandra Escobar-Zepeda,&nbsp;Libertad Adaya,&nbsp;Diego Humberto Cuervo-Amaya,&nbsp;Adolfo Gracia,&nbsp;Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,&nbsp;Claudia Díaz-Camino,&nbsp;Liliana Pardo-López","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10260-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10260-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gulf of Mexico is chronically exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons from natural seeps and anthropogenic activities, sustaining diverse microbial communities capable of hydrocarbon degradation. To investigate natural bacterial succession associated with long-term hydrocarbon degradation, sediment samples from shallow (&lt; 1000 m) and deep (&gt; 2500 m) sites in the southern Gulf of Mexico were incubated at 4 °C for up to 24 months. Temporal changes in bacterial community composition were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and residual hydrocarbons were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Initial communities differed significantly between shallow and deep sediments but remained stable during the first six months before shifting markedly after 12 months of incubation. Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidota increased in relative abundance, whereas Deltaproteobacteria declined. Genera such as <i>Colwellia</i>, <i>Alcanivorax</i>, <i>Shewanella</i>, and <i>Neptunomonas</i>, which include well-known hydrocarbon-degrading species, displayed dynamic, time-dependent enrichment patterns. Chemical analyses revealed substantial depletion of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating sustained biodegradation activity. These results demonstrate that Gulf of Mexico sediment communities harbor metabolically resilient consortia capable of long-term hydrocarbon mineralization under low-temperature, dark conditions. The integrated microbial and geochemical data provide new insights into ecological succession and the persistence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in deep-sea sediments, contributing to a better understanding of natural attenuation processes in petroleum-impacted marine environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10532-026-10260-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe (III)-mediated enhancement of Bacillus sp. SSAU2 resilience against Hg (II) toxicity and restoration of its Cr (VI) removal efficiency in a mercury-contaminated environment","authors":"Abhijeet Sharma,&nbsp;Manshi Agrawal,&nbsp;Akanksha Singh,&nbsp;Shanthy Sundaram","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10269-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10269-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrialization and urbanization have led to increasingly severe impacts on environmental sustainability, through the release of heavy metals into the environment. This study employed a sustainable approach involving metallic treatment and an acclimatization process to enhance the resilience of the microbe <i>Bacillus sp.</i> SSAU2 against Hg (II) toxicity. The findings revealed that acclimatization at 0.05 ppm Hg (II) and 0.2 ppm Fe (III) treatment significantly improved Hg (II) tolerance, with the 300% increase in the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) achieved through a composite treatment combining metal treatment and acclimatization. FTIR analysis indicated that the composite treatment exhibits unique functional groups and provides evidence of the direct involvement of Fe-nanoparticles, a finding further corroborated by UV–visible studies and SEM micrographs. The enhanced binding observed post-treatment, along with a shift toward multilayer adsorption was analyzed using isotherm models. Meanwhile, kinetics studies revealed that Hg (II) exposure altered the Cr (VI) removal kinetics of SSAU2 from second-order to first-order. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that while Hg (II) toxicity drives the system towards negative entropy and exothermic reactions, the composite treatment uniquely maintained positive entropy and endothermic behavior across all Cr (VI) levels, suggesting the involvement of resistance mechanisms. By the mechanism, this work presents a novel method for addressing co-contamination and the challenges posed by toxic compounds in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147323945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial laccases for green remediation of contaminants of emerging concern: from molecular cloning to metagenomic and computational insights","authors":"Anjilesh Kumar,&nbsp;Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Deeplina Das","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10253-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10253-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are increasingly recognized for their persistence, widespread occurrence, and potential risks to environmental and human health. Their frequent detection in wastewater, surface water, drinking water, and food chains underscores the urgent need for sustainable remediation strategies. Laccases, versatile multicopper oxidases, have demonstrated strong potential for degrading organic pollutants through oxidative mechanisms that transform complex contaminants into less toxic products. While fungal laccases have been extensively studied, bacterial laccases are gaining attention due to their structural simplicity, stability under alkaline conditions (pH 7.5–9.0), and limited requirement for post translational modifications. Recent studies indicate that bacterial laccases can transform approximately 60–80% of industrial dyes, a major class of CECs, even in complex wastewater matrices. Despite notable progress, broader application of bacterial laccases remains constrained by limited enzyme stability under industrial operating conditions, reduced catalytic performance under high salinity, extreme pH, and mixed pollutant environments, and frequent dependence on costly redox mediators, highlighting the need for more robust enzymes and sustainable mediator alternatives. This review summarizes recent advances in bacterial laccase research, with emphasis on structural and substrate specific insights, molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and optimized purification strategies. It also highlights emerging approaches such as metagenomics and machine learning for identifying robust, thermostable, and alkali resistant bacterial laccases suitable for large scale applications. Collectively, these advances support green chemistry principles and contribute to multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency, reducing energy and chemical inputs, and promoting sustainable waste valorization.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of arsenic uptake and detoxification in maize (Zea mays L.) by plant-based iron oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Tauseef Anwar,&nbsp;Huma Qureshi,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Salohiddinjon Yunusov,&nbsp;Shuqurillo Ziyadov,&nbsp;Muydinjon M. Muminov,&nbsp;Gamal Awad El-Shaboury,&nbsp;Dilbar Bazarbayeva,&nbsp;Ibtisam M. Alsudays,&nbsp;Khalid H. Alamer,&nbsp;Munisa Bekmukhamedova,&nbsp;Bakhrom Jobborov,&nbsp;Muneera A. Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10265-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10265-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant-based iron oxide nanoparticles (PIONs) were evaluated for regulating arsenic (As) stress responses and detoxification mechanisms in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) under controlled conditions. A 40-day pot experiment was conducted using washed sand supplemented at sowing with sodium arsenate (30 mg As kg⁻¹) and foliar PIONs green-synthesized using <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> needle extract (100, 300, and 500 mg L⁻¹; three sprays at weekly intervals). PIONs improved maize growth and physiology, increasing root length from 23.77 cm (control) to &gt; 34 cm at the highest PION dose and enhancing chlorophyll a and b to 0.85 and 1.75 mg g⁻¹ FW, respectively. PIONs also elevated stress metabolites (proline, soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics) and antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD), indicating strengthened redox regulation. A key finding was the dual effect of PIONs on As accumulation: PIONs alone increased tissue As, with root As rising from 1.60 to 2.70 mg kg⁻¹ (+ 68.8%) and leaf As from 0.35 to 1.00 mg kg⁻¹ (+ 185.7%) at 500 mg L⁻¹, whereas under As stress the combined treatment (As + 500 mg L⁻¹ PIONs) reduced As relative to PION-only plants by 33.3% in roots (2.70 → 1.80 mg kg⁻¹) and 58.0% in leaves (1.00 → 0.42 mg kg⁻¹). Overall, PIONs enhanced maize performance and moderated As bioaccumulation under arsenic stress, supporting their potential as a sustainable nano-enabled approach for arsenic-affected systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}