Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Removal of high concentrations of zinc, cadmium, and nickel heavy metals by Bacillus and Comamonas through microbially induced carbonate precipitation","authors":"Adharsh Rajasekar,&nbsp;Cailin Zhao,&nbsp;Suowei Wu,&nbsp;Raphinos Tackmore Murava,&nbsp;Eyram Norgbey,&nbsp;Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie,&nbsp;Charles K. S. Moy","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10131-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10131-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal pollution in urban freshwater, driven by anthropogenic activities, poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to its toxicity and persistence. Recently, urease-producing bacteria have gained attention for their ability to remove heavy metals through microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). In this study, eight urease-producing bacteria were exposed to individual solutions of zinc (Zn²⁺), cadmium (Cd²⁺), and nickel (Ni²⁺) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 mM to assess their resistance. Three strains—<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HMZC1 (B2), <i>Bacillus sp.</i> HMZCSW (B6), and <i>Comamonas sp.</i> HMZC (B11)—survived at 4 mM and 6 mM, while most others could not tolerate 4 mM. Their urea-degrading ability was tested at different pH levels, identifying an optimal pH of 7 for MICP. Heavy metal carbonate precipitation experiments at 4 mM and 6 mM revealed that all three strains achieved &gt; 93% removal of Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ within 72 h. <i>Comamonas sp.</i> HMZC exhibited the highest efficiency, achieving &gt; 95% removal of certain heavy metals at 6 mM. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in heavy metal removal efficiencies among the strains for certain treatment conditions (Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ at 4 mM), although not all comparisons reached statistical significance. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction confirmed the morphology and composition of the precipitated heavy metal carbonates. Our findings demonstrate that urease-producing bacteria can effectively immobilize multiple heavy metals, highlighting the MICP process as a practical and sustainable biological approach for ecological restoration and wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10532-025-10131-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and transcriptomic response of enriched anammox culture upon elevated hydrazine exposure","authors":"Tugba Sari,&nbsp;Kozet Yapsakli,&nbsp;Deniz Akgul,&nbsp;Bulent Mertoglu","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10132-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10132-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anammox has emerged as a cost-effective and eco-friendly biological treatment technology for high-strength wastewater, and hydrazine (N₂H₄) is a unique intermediate in the anammox metabolism. This study presents the first investigation into the genetic responses of anammox bacteria to elevated N₂H₄ concentrations, offering critical insights into their potential for sustainable environmental applications. In this scope, anammox cultures were exposed to high levels of N₂H₄ (up to 3 g/L) over a short-term period to evaluate their nitrogen treatment capacity and transcriptional responses. The results indicated that anammox activity continued at N₂H₄ concentrations of 1.88 g/L or less. However, acute N₂H₄ exposure significantly downregulated key genes, such as acetyl-CoA synthase beta and delta subunits, hydrazine synthase, hydrazine dehydrogenase, and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, except for AAA family ATPase. Overall, high exogenous N₂H₄ concentrations severely constrained the metabolism and survival of anammox bacteria at a molecular level. Understanding the genetic responses of anammox bacteria to elevated N₂H₄ concentrations is crucial for optimizing their application in further anammox-based technologies. Future studies should focus on improving the resilience of anammox bacteria to high N₂H₄ concentrations, thereby broadening their applicability in engineered wastewater treatment and biotechnological processes while maintaining system stability and efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10532-025-10132-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of residual methyl green by extracellular polymeric substance of Lysinibacillus sp. SS1: A sustainable approach to wastewater treatment","authors":"Sneha Nayak,&nbsp;Louella Concepta Goveas","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10136-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water pollution due to overuse of dyes or improper remediation in industrial settings is posing a threat to aquatic life, environment and health. Due to world-wide scarcity of clean water, treatment and re-utilization of wastewater is the top-most priority, aiding in achievement of sustainable development goals. Even after suitable wastewater treatment, residual pollutants persist, leading to their over-accumulation on recurrent release at the same site. Hence, in this context, the present study reports the adsorption of methyl green dye at trace concentrations (&lt; 10 mg/L) by EPS secreted by <i>Lysinibacillus</i> SS1 (EPS-SS1). One-variable-at-a-time strategy was employed to obtain maximum adsorption % and capacity of 99.14 and 1057.11 mg/g at 8 mg/L methyl green, 7.5 mg/L EPS, at pH 8, 35 ºC, with no agitation in 40 min contact time. The data for adsorption process fit Freundlich isotherm and PSO kinetics at highest <i>R</i>^<i>2</i> of 0.9982 and 0.9859 for non-linear and linear forms respectively. This implied that the adsorbent surface is heterogenous, with varied surface energies, resulting in multi-layer adsorption. Therefore, it was confirmed that energy-efficient adsorption by EPS-SS1 is an effective, eco-friendly method of residual pollutants in contaminated wastewater with easy scale-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the exposure of lead, cadmium, and arsenic on growth parameters and antioxidant defense system in wheat","authors":"Alliluev Ilya,&nbsp;Irshad Ahmad,&nbsp;Krepakova Maria Romanovna,&nbsp;Tatiana Minkina,&nbsp;Chernikova Natalya Petrovna,&nbsp;Mandzhieva Saglara,&nbsp;Vishnu D. Rajput,&nbsp;Boldyreva Veronika Eduardovna,&nbsp;Barakhov Anatoly Vadimovich,&nbsp;Chaplygin Viktor Anatolievich","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metals (HMs) pollution of soil adversely impacts agricultural productivity and poses risks to public health, necessitating regular and timely monitoring of HMs accumulation in soils. Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), as a globally cultivated staple crop, is particularly vulnerable to HM-induced stress, which can significantly reduce its yield and quality. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments content, enzymatic and low molecular weight antioxidants, and the uptake of metals in the wheat seedlings. We carried out a pot experiment in which HMs were introduced into the soil Pb (1300 mg kg^–1), Cd (20 mg kg^–1), As (100 mg kg^–1) separately and all together in one combination and an uncontaminated control. The doses of HMs corresponded to the registered high pollution level in impact zone (10 approximate permissible concentrations). The results showed that HMs contamination of the soil affected the growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activities in wheat. The polyelement contamination significantly reduced root growth. The polyelement contamination led to an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, which was reflected in an increase in malondialdehyde content in leaves and roots by 39% and 127% compared with the control. The cumulative exposure affected antioxidants in wheat, leading to deregulation of defense mechanisms, characterized by an increase in reduced glutathione content in leaves and roots by 23% and 69%, an increase in proline and ascorbic acid content in leaves by 174% and 20%, and a decrease in roots by 80% and 43%, respectively. These results highlight that HMs contamination not only inhibited growth but also affected antioxidant defense system. Therefore, developing effective strategies to mitigate HMs-induced stress and enhance wheat production is crucial for sustainable agriculture in contaminated environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of bacterial consortia in chlorpyrifos degradation, soil remediation, and promotion of plant growth","authors":"Ranu Yadav,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Disha Mishra,&nbsp;Puja Khare","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10135-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10135-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The eleven combinations of four isolates, <i>S. maltophilia</i>, <i>P. hibiscicola</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>P. monteilii</i>, were prepared and screened for chlorpyrifos (CP) degradation. Among these combinations, four highly CP degrading consortia were identified: D: <i>S. maltophilia</i>, <i>P. hibiscicola</i>, <i>P. monteilii</i>, E: <i>P. hibiscicola</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>P. monteilii,</i> F: <i>S. maltophilia</i>, <i>P. hibiscicola, and</i> G: <i>S. maltophilia, P. aeruginosa</i>. These combinations were found to be mutually compatible, exhibiting no lysis or inhibition zones. Their application significantly decreased in CP content from 37.6 to 68.6% as compared to control. Consortia-treated soil also displayed reduced bio-concentration factor and translocation of CP in <i>W. somnifera.</i> A significant increase in biomass (40–71.2%), protein content (38–66.6%), chlorophyll (24.7–52.3%), and secondary metabolite of <i>W. somnifera</i> was observed after the application of consortia. The activities of soil enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase), availability of nutrients, and soil microbial biomass carbon were also enhanced by the inoculation of consortia in soil. Overall, the results indicated that the consortium of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> exhibited the highest potential for CP degradation and plant growth promotion compared to the others. This consortium could be effectively utilized for the rapid degradation of CP in agricultural soil vis-a-vis improvement in the productivity of the plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of fly ash effects in ADM1: calibration and validation of a simple function using real wastewater","authors":"Gustavo Vargas-Morales,&nbsp;Yeney Lauzurique,&nbsp;Cesar Huiliñir","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10134-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10134-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Including a source of trace elements such as fly ash (FA) in the ADM1 has yet to be addressed, including calibration and validation. The present work aimed to propose, calibrate, and validate a simple function for including the FA effect in the ADM1 using real wastewater from the winery industry. The new function and the ADM1 were calibrated with data of daily methane production coming from a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test of winery wastewater without FA and validated for BMPs using five FA concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 mg/L). The ADM1 calibration showed that the model fits well with the experimental data, although the parameter values are lower than the range reported in the literature. The calibration of the proposed function fits well with the experimental data under all conditions, including the inhibition and stimulating zones. Lastly, the modified ADM1 could accurately represent the accumulated methane at different FA concentrations, with NRMSE between 0.0635 and 0.1342. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed function only requires calibrating one parameter (<i>k</i>_<i>i</i>). Thus, the proposed model is robust and valid for all the tested conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a robust enzyme cascade system: co-immobilization of laccase and versatile peroxidase on polyacrylamide hydrogel for enhanced BPA degradation","authors":"Shagufta Kamal,&nbsp;Taleeha Roheen,&nbsp;Kanwal Rehman,&nbsp;Ismat Bibi,&nbsp;Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10129-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10129-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodegradation using a synergically integrated system of laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2) and versatile peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.16) co-immobilized on the polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel presents a promising solution for removing endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) like bisphenol A (BPA) from wastewater. In this study, we developed a tailored biocatalyst consisting of a fungal laccase from <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> IBL-02 and versatile peroxidase, enzyme cascade co-immobilized covalently on a 7% (w/v) PAM hydrogel, offering high catalytic potential across various pH and temperature ranges. The PAM-VP/Lac structure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry, revealing improved characteristics compared to free counterparts (FLac and FVP). The optimal pH for FLac, FVP, Lac/VP, and PAM-VP/Lac was 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. PAM-VP/Lac exhibited optimal activity at 50–60 °C, higher than FLac, FVP, and Lac-VP. PAM-VP/Lac showed superior operational stability, retaining 99.2% of its activity after eight cycles, with an immobilization efficiency of 78.62 ± 1.15% and activity recovery of 33.71 ± 0.2%. It also demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with a two-fold increase in half-life at 50–70 °C. Thermodynamic analysis showed significant improvements in stability parameters for PAM-VP/Lac. This system achieved complete BPA degradation within two and a half hr, highlighting its potential for industrial-scale environmental remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing bioremediation: biosurfactants as catalysts for sustainable remediation","authors":"Yashika Raheja,&nbsp;Poonam Sharma,&nbsp;Prachi Gaur,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Gaur,&nbsp;Janmejai Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10128-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10128-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics pose unparallel challenges to environmental health and current remediation techniques. Microbial biosurfactants, biodegradable compounds produced by microorganisms, have gained attention as eco-friendly alternatives for degrading recalcitrant pollutants. Unlike traditional chemical surfactants, biosurfactants offer the dual benefit of being derived from renewable resources while enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants. This review is novel in its comprehensive exploration of microbial biosurfactants as a one-step solution for tackling the most persistent environmental pollutants. It introduces recent advancements in metabolic engineering and alternative fermentation strategies that have significantly improved biosurfactant production. Furthermore, the review critically examines the current limitations, including high production costs and complex downstream processing, and proposes cutting-edge approaches to overcome these barriers, such as the use of low-cost feedstocks and integrated bioprocessing techniques. Beyond their established uses, this review also sheds light on their untapped potential in heavy metal removal and microplastic degradation areas that have received little attention. By emphasizing these novel applications and outlining pathways for large-scale production, this review offers valuable insights into how biosurfactants could play a transformative role in sustainable environmental remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of mixed fungal cultures to remove glyphosate from soil microcosms under stressful conditions","authors":"Melisa Eglé Aluffi,&nbsp;Karen Magnoli,&nbsp;Cecilia Soledad Carranza,&nbsp;Virginia Carolina Aparicio,&nbsp;Carla Lorena Barberis,&nbsp;Carina Elizabeth Magnoli","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10126-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10126-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many herbicides used extensively to manage weeds and protect economically important crops contain glyphosate (GP) as their main ingredient, which contaminates ecosystems when it spreads from the soil into the surrounding environment. This study evaluated the ability of two fungal strains to remove GP at a microcosm scale. The strains, <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> AM2 and <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> 166, were tested on their own and in mixed cultures. The microcosms were conditioned at 30 or 70% field capacity (FC), and contaminated with 5000 or 15,000 mg kg⁻¹ GP. The native microbial communities played a crucial role in the dissipation of the herbicide. At the end of the incubation (60 days), they had achieved removal percentages above 95% in most treatments. The exceptions were the microcosms subjected to hydric stress (30% FC) and contaminated with 15,000 mg kg⁻¹ GP, in which the co-cultures outperformed the native microbial species (≥ 80 vs 33% removal, respectively). An increase in AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), the main metabolite of GP degradation, was usually detected after 60 days, which indicates that biodegradation may have been one of the main mechanisms involved in the removal of the herbicide. These results provide information about the potential of two mixed fungal cultures (containing species that are native to agricultural soils) to remove GP under stressful conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable bioremediation and reuse of heavy metal-contaminated dredged sediments using Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Kalyani Kulkarni,&nbsp;Nehal Jain,&nbsp;G. L. Sivakumar Babu","doi":"10.1007/s10532-025-10127-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-025-10127-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urbanization has led to heavy metal contamination of dredged sediments, posing severe environmental and health risks. This study investigated the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>-bioremediation and reuse Heavy Metal contaminated sediment as construction material. Recognizing the limitations of conventional calcium chloride, alternative calcium sources for enhanced remediation were explored. The results demonstrate that utilizing calcium hydroxide (0.625 M) as a cementing reagent resulted in optimal compressive strength while minimizing heavy metal leaching. A substantial reduction in leachability: 97.8% for cadmium, 92% for nickel, and 98% for zinc, was observed as determined by USEPA Method 1311. Sequential extraction procedure analysis revealed the effective immobilization of heavy metals within the sediment matrix, primarily through their conversion to metal carbonates and their association with organic matter. This eco-friendly bioremediation approach, combining bacterial activity with sustainable cement stabilization, presents a promising remediation strategy for contaminated dredged sediments, enabling the safe reuse in engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}