{"title":"Navigating Tumor Microenvironment Barriers with Nanotherapeutic Strategies for Targeting Metastasis.","authors":"Mahima Rachel Thomas, Anjana Kaveri Badekila, Vishruta Pai, Nijil S, Yashodhar Bhandary, Ankit Rai, Sudarshan Kini","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202403107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic strategy for efficiently targeting cancer cells needs an in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME comprises heterogeneous cells clustered together to translate tumor initiation, migration, and proliferation. The TME mainly comprises proliferating tumor cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), and cancer stem cells (CSC). The heterogeneity and genetic evolution of metastatic tumors can substantially impact the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic agents. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy shall target TME of all metastatic stages. Since the advent of nanotechnology, smart drug delivery strategies are employed to deliver effective drug formulations directly into tumors, ensuring controlled and sustained therapeutic efficacy. The state-of-the-art nano-drug delivery systems are shown to have innocuous modes of action in targeting the metastatic players of TME. Therefore, this review provides insight into the mechanism of cancer metastasis involving invasion, intravasation, systemic transport of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extravasation, metastatic colonization, and angiogenesis. Further, the novel perspectives associated with current nanotherapeutic strategies are highlighted on different stages of metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2403107"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Yan, Shi-Yu Hu, Hao-Jie Tan, Rui Dai, Haibo Wang, Xu Peng, Zhi-Guo Wang, Jia-Zhuang Xu, Zhong-Ming Li
{"title":"Double-Dynamic-Bond Cross-Linked Hydrogel Adhesive with Cohesion-Adhesion Enhancement for Emergency Tissue Closure and Infected Wound Healing.","authors":"Ming Yan, Shi-Yu Hu, Hao-Jie Tan, Rui Dai, Haibo Wang, Xu Peng, Zhi-Guo Wang, Jia-Zhuang Xu, Zhong-Ming Li","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202404447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202404447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hydrogel adhesives with strong tissue adhesion and biological characteristics adhm202404447are urgently needed for injury sealing and tissue repair. However, the negative correlation between tissue adhesion and the mechanical strength poses a challenge for their practical application. Herein, a bio-inspired cohesive enhancement strategy is developed to prepare the hydrogel adhesive with simultaneously enhanced mechanical strength and tissue adhesion. The double cross-linked network is achieved through the cooperation between polyacrylic acid grafted with N-hydroxy succinimide crosslinked by tannic acid and cohesion-enhanced ion crosslinking of sodium alginate and Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Such a unique structure endows the resultant hydrogel adhesive with excellent tissue adhesion strength and mechanical strength. The hydrogel adhesive is capable of sealing various organs in vitro, and exhibits satisfactory on-demand removability, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. As a proof of concept, the hydrogel adhesive not only effectively halts non-compressible hemorrhages of beating heart and femoral artery injury models in rats, but also accelerates the healing of infected wound by inhibiting bacteria and reducing inflammation. Overall, this advanced hydrogel adhesive is promising as an emergency rescue adhesive that enables robust tissue closure, timely controlling bleeding, and promoting damaged tissue healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2404447"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikhail V Tsurkan, Juliane Bessert, Rabea Selzer, Sarah D Tsurkan, Dagmar Pette, Manfred F Maitz, Petra B Welzel, Carsten Werner
{"title":"FXa-Responsive Hydrogels to Craft Corneal Endothelial Lamellae.","authors":"Mikhail V Tsurkan, Juliane Bessert, Rabea Selzer, Sarah D Tsurkan, Dagmar Pette, Manfred F Maitz, Petra B Welzel, Carsten Werner","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202402593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202402593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell-instructive polymer hydrogels are instrumental in tissue engineering for regenerative therapies. Implementing defined and selective responsiveness to external stimuli is a persisting challenge that critically restricts their functionality. Addressing this challenge, this study introduces a versatile, modular hydrogel system composed of four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)(starPEG)-peptide and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)-maleimide conjugates. The gel system features a small peptide sequence that is selectively cleaved by the coagulation factor FXa. In a cell culture environment, where active FXa is absent, the hydrogel remains stable, providing a conducive matrix for the growth of complex tissue structures or organoids. Upon the introduction of FXa, the hydrogel is designed to disintegrate rapidly, enabling the gentle release of the cultivated tissues without impairing their functionality. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated through the ex vivo development, detachment, and transplantation of human corneal endothelial lamellae, achieving sizes relevant for clinical application in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). Furthermore, the practicality of the hydrogel system is validated in vitro using a de-endothelialized porcine cornea as a surrogate recipient. Since the FXa-cleavable peptide can be integrated into a variety of multifunctional hydrogels, it can pave the way for next-generation scaffold-free tissue engineering and organoid regenerative therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2402593"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Ashley R Johnson, Akmal H Sabri, Ryan Lutz, Steven Tignor, Jeanine Ballard, Nathan Rudd, Li Zhao, Lalitkumar K Vora, Stephanie E Barrett, Angela Wagner, Ryan F Donnelly
{"title":"Delivery of Islatravir via High Drug-Load, Long-acting Microarray Patches for the Prevention or Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.","authors":"Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Ashley R Johnson, Akmal H Sabri, Ryan Lutz, Steven Tignor, Jeanine Ballard, Nathan Rudd, Li Zhao, Lalitkumar K Vora, Stephanie E Barrett, Angela Wagner, Ryan F Donnelly","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202403615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research focuses on developing and characterizing islatravir-loaded dissolving microarray patches (MAPs) to provide an effective, minimally invasive treatment option for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) prevention and treatment. The research involves manufacturing these MAPs using a double-casting approach, and conducting in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Results show that the MAPs have excellent needle fidelity, structural integrity, and mechanical strength. in vitro studies demonstrate that the MAPs can penetrate skin up to 580 µm and dissolve within 2 hours. Permeation studies reveal that the delivery efficiency of islatravir across the skin is around 40%. In rodent models, these dissolving MAPs sustain islatravir delivery for up to 3 months. Scaling up the MAPs and increasing drug loading produced detectable levels in minipig. Projections from animal data suggest that these dissolving MAPs can achieve effective islatravir levels for a month after a single application in humans. These findings indicate dissolving MAPs as a minimally invasive approach to sustained release of islatravir.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2403615"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dax Calder, Farshad Oveissi, Simin Maleknia, Tom Huang, Bernard Koong, Terence Abrams, Andrew Oar, Wojciech Chrzanowski, Fariba Dehghani, Ali Fathi
{"title":"Universal Hydrogel Carrier Enhances Bone Graft Success: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation.","authors":"Dax Calder, Farshad Oveissi, Simin Maleknia, Tom Huang, Bernard Koong, Terence Abrams, Andrew Oar, Wojciech Chrzanowski, Fariba Dehghani, Ali Fathi","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202403930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthopedic, maxillofacial, and complex dentoalveolar bone grafting procedures that require donor-site bone harvesting can be associated with post-surgical complications. There has been widespread adoption of exogenously sourced particulate bone graft materials (BGM) for bone regenerative procedures; however, the particulate nature of these materials may lead to compromised healing outcomes, mainly attributed to structural collapse of the BGM, prolonged tissue healing. In this study, a fully synthetic thermoresponsive hydrogel-based universal carrier matrix (TX) that forms flowable and shapable putties with different BGMs while spatially preserving the particles in a 3D scaffold at the implantation site is introduced. The potential synergistic effect of the carrier is investigated in combination with particulate demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in a standard muscle pouch nude mice model (n = 24) as well as in a rabbit femoral critical-sized cortico-cancellous bone defect model (n = 9). Finally, the clinical usability, safety, and efficacy of the carrier for the delivery of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) are evaluated in a controlled clinical trial for extraction socket alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) (n = 11 participants). Overall, the TX carrier improved the delivery of different types of BGMs, maintaining these spatially at the implantation site with minimal inflammatory responses, resulting in favorable bone regenerative outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2403930"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Highly Bioactive Organic-Inorganic Nanoparticle for Activating Wnt10b Mediated Osteogenesis by Specifically Anchor CCN3 Protein.","authors":"Yonghao Qiu, Chunhui Wang, Yulian Yang, Shijing Xu, Haohui Huang, Liuyang Zhang, Bo Lei, Fujian Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202404075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202404075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid and efficient bone regeneration is still in unsatisfactory outcomes, demonstrating alternative strategy and molecular mechanism is necessary. Nanoscale biomaterials have shown some promising results in enhancing bone regeneration, however, the detailed interaction mechanism between nanomaterial and cells/tissue formation is not clear. Herein, a molecular-based inorganic-organic nanomaterial poly(citrate-siloxane) (PCS) is reported which can rapidly enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone formation through a special interaction with the cellular surface communication network factor 3 (CCN3), further activating the Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that the CCN3 is a key bridge protein for transmitting the osteoinductive effects of nano PCS into the intracellular compartment and activating Wnt10b. Specifically, the molecular mechanism studies confirmed that the inorganic silicon hydroxyl and the organic ester group can bound to the Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and von Willebrand factor type C repeat module (vWC) structural domains of CCN3 respectively. The special material-protein interaction induced a conformational change of CCN3 and activated the function of the TSP-1 structural domain, which is further associated with the binding and activation of Wnt10b signaling. This study reveals the first targets of nanobiomaterials to promote tissue regeneration through cellular interactions and provides new ideas for the development of materiobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2404075"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
You Chen, Yifan Xue, Cong Yan, Jinlong Jin, Yadong Liu, Jing Li, Shuai Han, Jie Liu
{"title":"Bioprinted Fibroblast Mediated Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironment for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Screening.","authors":"You Chen, Yifan Xue, Cong Yan, Jinlong Jin, Yadong Liu, Jing Li, Shuai Han, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202404642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202404642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer growth, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Developing an effective in vitro tumor model that accurately recapitulates the dynamic interplay between tumor and stromal cells remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D bioprinted fibroblast - mediated heterogeneous breast tumor model was created, with tumor cells and fibroblasts in a bionic matrix. The impact of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on the dynamic transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs and its subsequent influence on tumor cells is further investigated. These findings reveales a profound correlation between CAFs and several critical biological processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, gene expression profiles, and tumor progression. Furthermore, tumor models incorporating CAFs exhibits reduced drug sensitivity compared to models containing tumor cells alone or models co-cultured with normal fibroblasts. These results underscore the potential of the in vitro fibroblast-mediated heterogeneous tumor model to simulate real-life physiological conditions, thereby offering a more effective drug screening platform for elucidating tumor pathogenesis and facilitating drug design prior to animal and clinical trials. This model's establishment promotes the understanding of tumor-stromal interactions and their therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2404642"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Jiang, Tianfeng Miao, Xiaojie Xing, Kevin J Schilling, Nicholas Lenhard, Lichen Wang, Susan McDowell, Bradley L Nilsson, Hongjun Wang, Xinping Zhang
{"title":"Masquelet Inspired in Vivo Engineered Extracellular Matrix as Functional Periosteum for Bone Defect Repair and Reconstruction.","authors":"Chen Jiang, Tianfeng Miao, Xiaojie Xing, Kevin J Schilling, Nicholas Lenhard, Lichen Wang, Susan McDowell, Bradley L Nilsson, Hongjun Wang, Xinping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202404975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202404975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Masquelet technique that combines a foreign body reaction (FBR)-induced vascularized tissue membrane with staged bone grafting for reconstruction of segmental bone defect has gained wide attention in Orthopedic surgery. The success of Masquelet hinges on its ability to promote formation of a \"periosteum-like\" FBR-induced membrane at the bone defect site. Inspired by Masquelet's technique, here a novel approach is devised to create periosteum mimetics from decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), engineered in vivo through FBR, for reconstruction of segmental bone defects. The approach involved 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) template with desired pattern/architecture, followed by subcutaneous implantation of the template to form tissue, and depolymerization and decellularization to generate dECM with interconnected channels. The dECM matrices produces from the same mice (autologous) or from different mice (allogenic) are used as a functional periosteum for repair of structural bone allograft in a murine segmental bone defect model. This study shows that autologous dECM performed better than allogenic dECM, further permitting local delivery of low dose BMP-2 to enhance allograft incorporation. The success of this current approach can establish a new line of versatile, patient-specific, and periosteum-like autologous dECM for bone regeneration, offering personalized therapeutics to patients with impaired healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2404975"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se-Jeong Kim, Ning Guo, Zong Yao Tan, Xing Gao, Pouria Fattahi, Haijiao Liu, Jeehan Chang, Mousa Younesi, Selice Jung, Yewhan Chung, Minkyung Song, Michelle Jung, Dan Dongeun Huh
{"title":"A Bioengineered Model of the Human Cornea for Preclinical Assessment of Human Ocular Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.","authors":"Se-Jeong Kim, Ning Guo, Zong Yao Tan, Xing Gao, Pouria Fattahi, Haijiao Liu, Jeehan Chang, Mousa Younesi, Selice Jung, Yewhan Chung, Minkyung Song, Michelle Jung, Dan Dongeun Huh","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202402408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202402408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here a bioengineered platform is introduced to investigate adverse effects of environmental materials on the human cornea. Using primary cells, this system is capable of reproducing the differentiated corneal epithelium and its underlying stroma in the human eye, which can then be treated with externally applied solid, liquid, or gaseous substances in a controlled manner and under physiologically relevant conditions. The proof-of-principle of how this system can be used to simulate human ocular exposure to different classes of environmental toxicants for direct visualization and quantitative analysis of their potential to induce acute corneal injury and inflammation is demonstrated. This model can also be further engineered to create an electromechanically actuated array of multiple human corneal tissues that can emulate spontaneous eye blinking. Using this advanced system, it is shown that blinking-like mechanical motions may play a protective role against adverse effects of environmental toxicants. This work yields an immediately deployable in vitro technology for screening ocular toxicity of existing and emerging environmental materials of various types and may enable the development of more realistic, human-relevant preclinical toxicology models complementary to traditional animal testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2402408"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Spiro-Based NIR-II Photosensitizer with Efficient ROS Generation and Thermal Conversion Performances for Imaging-Guided Tumor Theranostics.","authors":"Yu-Kun Jin, Kang Xu, Bao-Yi Ren, Jinjun Shao, Chang-Jin Ou, Ling-Hai Xie","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202404783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202404783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic photosensitizers (PSs) possessing NIR-II emission and photodynamic/photothermal effect have received a great sense of attention for their cutting-edge applications in imaging-guided multimodal phototherapy. However, it is highly challenging to design efficient PSs with high luminescence and phototherapy performance simultaneously. In this study, a spiro-functionalization strategy is proposed to alleviate aggregate-caused quenching of PSs and promote photodynamic therapy, and the strategy is verified via a spiro[fluorine-9,9'-xanthene]-modified NIR-II PS (named SFX-IC) with an acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration. SFX-IC-based nanoparticles (NPs) display a high molar extinction coefficient of 7.05 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>‒1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> at 645 nm due to strong intramolecular charge-transfer characteristics. As expected, the as-prepared NPs show strong NIR-II emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 1.1%, thanks to the spiro-configuration that suppressing excessively intermolecular π-π stacking. Furthermore, SFX-IC NPs not only efficiently generate <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sup>∙-</sup> <sub>2</sub> under 660 nm laser irradiation, but also possess good photothermal effect with photothermal conversion efficiency of 47.14%. Consequently, SFX-IC NPs can be served as versatile phototheranostic agents for NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging-guided phototherapy, manifesting that the spiro-functionalized strategy is a powerful tool to construct efficient NIR-II emitting PSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":113,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e2404783"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}