Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"High-precision in-situ acquisition of joint morphology data and geometric heterogeneity study of roughness","authors":"Qi Sun,&nbsp;Lizhi Du,&nbsp;Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Junqi Chen,&nbsp;Changwei Lu,&nbsp;Hongjiang Liu,&nbsp;Zhengxuan Xu,&nbsp;Yinxu Zhang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04459-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04459-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is a key parameter for evaluating the shear strength of rock masses and the stability of rock slopes. However, obtaining high-precision in situ joint surface morphology data on steep rock slopes remains challenging. This study proposes a UAV-based multi-angle nap-of-the-object photogrammetric method, which enables vertical imaging of joint surfaces by flying at close range and adjusting the shooting angle, allowing accurate acquisition of 3D joint morphology in the field. The method was applied to a high-steep slope on the left bank of the Sequ River in Tibet, where a 3D point cloud model with a resolution of 7 mm was constructed. Forty-nine joint samples larger than 2 m² were extracted and expanded to 1176 analysis samples through scale magnification and shear direction variation. Roughness analysis based on the <i>θ*</i>_<i>max</i><i>/(C + 1)</i>^<i>3D</i> parameter shows that joint roughness approximately follows a log-normal distribution at small scales but gradually deviates as scale increases; moreover, roughness decreases exponentially with increasing point interval. Anisotropy analysis reveals that directional variation in roughness diminishes with growing scale, and the anisotropy ratio approximately follows a normal distribution. The results demonstrate that this multi-angle photogrammetric technique effectively overcomes technical constraints in complex terrain, providing a reliable data foundation and methodological support for the quantitative estimation of JRC and slope stability evaluation in high-steep rock slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the influence of particle size distribution on the face stability of EPB shield tunnels in granular soils","authors":"Jun Wang,&nbsp;Ning Tian,&nbsp;Guojin Lin,&nbsp;Kun Feng,&nbsp;Xiongyu Hu,&nbsp;Hongqiang Xie,&nbsp;Xiaojian Ye,&nbsp;Gang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04435-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04435-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Face failure of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnels in granular soils is a great threat to the surroundings. This paper aims at investigating the influence of particle size distribution (PSD) on the failure mechanism from both the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The macroscopic investigation was carried out by performing several model tests which incorporated a miniature shield, and the microscopic investigation was conducted by utilizing the advantage of the discrete element method (DEM). The face failure of tunnels with <i>C</i>/<i>D</i> = 2.0 (<i>C</i> = tunnel cover depth; <i>D</i> = tunnel diameter) propagates to ground surface in three phases due to soil arching. PSD has influence on the timing of face failure, the size of failure zone and the soil arching. The proportion of strong contacts and the maximum soil arching increase with larger content of middle particles, while they decrease with larger content of fine particles. The soil arching maximizes when the local failure occurs and weakens in the transition phase, it extinguishes when propagating to <i>Z</i>/<i>D</i> = 0.4 (<i>Z</i> = depth from ground surface) as the global failure occurs regardless of PSD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The motion state transformation of submarine mass movement: an experimental study","authors":"Weichao Liu,&nbsp;Ye Chen,&nbsp;Jie Gao,&nbsp;Fawu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04447-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04447-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Submarine mass movement (SMM) is a geohazard that can move along an extremely gentle slope. The motion state of SMM undergoes landslide-debris flow-turbidity current transformation during movement. Because of motion state transformation (MST) process, it is difficult to analyze the mobility and shear stress of the SMM quantitatively. To investigate the MST process, 81 sets of rotational flume-based experiments with different material types, masses, and velocities, were conducted. A densimetric Froude number (<i>Fr</i>) was used to characterize the MST process quantitatively. As velocity increases, the MST initiates at the front and surface of the SMM and progressively propagates toward the rear and bottom. Variations in material type and mass lead to different degrees of MST, which in turn result in distinct patterns of mobility and shear stress of the SMM. The results indicate that three soil–water interactions, i.e., hydroplaning, front erosion, and surface erosion have contributed to the MST process and the mobility of the SMM. During the MST process, <i>Fr</i> = 0.4 and <i>Fr</i> = 0.7 can be used as threshold values to identify the debris flow and turbidity current states, respectively. Furthermore, the MST process induces nonlinear variations in shear stress by altering sediment concentration and shear strain rate. The former dominates throughout the process, while the latter becomes significant only under stabilized motion states. The quantitative analysis of the MST process in this study can provide new insights into the SMM dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of landslide susceptibility based on Bayes-optimized RUSBoost model—taking the three Gorges Reservoir area as an example","authors":"Runze Wu,&nbsp;Dehui Li,&nbsp;Hongbo Mei,&nbsp;Zhenhua Li,&nbsp;Xudong Hu,&nbsp;Weibing Qin","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04436-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04436-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide susceptibility assessment serves as a key measure for government institutions to develop strategies for preventing and mitigating landslide hazards. Landslide susceptibility maps are usually prepared using landslide models to distinguish the possible occurrence of landslides. Constructing landslide models for susceptibility assessment and improving the reliability of results is necessary. However, due to landslides being a minority class in real-world scenarios, the number of landslide samples is much fewer than non-landslide samples, leading to a significant imbalance in sample classes. Sample class imbalance may reduce the accuracy and reliability of landslide susceptibility assessments, which is a common issue in susceptibility assessment modeling. In this paper, a novel model named RUSBoost is proposed for solving the issue of sample class imbalance in landslide susceptibility modelling. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization is employed to enhance the performance of the RUSBoost model. The proposed method is verified by taking the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example. To compare the performance of different models when confronting the issue of sample class imbalance, decision tree (auc = 0.752), random forest (auc = 0.813), RUSBoost (auc = 0.828) and Bayes-RUSBoost (auc = 0.845) were used in experiments. In addition to ROC, Bayes-RUSBoost also demonstrates the best performance on model evaluation metrics focusing on the positive class (landslide), with precision (0.889), recall (0.804) and F1 score (0.844). Results indicate that the RUSBoost model, after Bayes optimization, achieved promising performance in landslide susceptibility assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using Analytical Hierarchy Process method along Gedo-Dilb asphalt road section, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Solomon Wendim,&nbsp;Gebreslassie Mebrahtu,&nbsp;Kifle Woldearegay","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04455-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04455-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide hazards are common problems in the rift escarpments and highlands of Ethiopia, causing damage to infrastructures, agricultural lands, and human lives. The Gedo-Dilb asphalt road, which crosses the western rift escarpments of northern Ethiopia, is frequently affected by landslides. The study aims to analyze spatial distributions of landslides and generate a landslide susceptibility map (LSM). The research work involved: (a) detailed inventory and characterization of landslides, and (b) evaluation of the landslides and their associations with different causative factors. Landslide inventory of the area was produced using Google Earth imagery, aerial photos, and intensive field campaigns. Accordingly, a total of 103 landslides were inventoried, encompassing an area of 8.44 km². The main landslide types found in the area are rockfalls, debris/earth flows, and debris/earth slides. Seven causative factors were identified and used for landslide susceptibility mapping, namely: distance to stream, slope gradient, distance to road, land use land cover, lithology, plan and profile curvatures. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach was used, and the model was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve (AUC) value was found to be 0.8198, indicating very good prediction of landslide susceptibility in the study area. It was observed that 75.12% of the inventoried landslides fall in the high and very high susceptibility zones. The AHP weight result revealed that slope gradient, lithology, and distance to stream played a major role in landslide occurrences. The resulting map would be important for regional spatial planning and future infrastructure development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic and monotonic mechanical behavior of heavy metal-contaminated clayey sand stabilized with zeolite","authors":"Amin Hasani Motlagh,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hassanlourad,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Mina Bakhshy","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04460-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04460-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal contamination in soil presents challenges to geoenvironmental engineering, requiring stabilization to ensure soil performance under various loads. This study investigates the cyclic and monotonic triaxial behavior of heavy metal-contaminated clayey sand, focusing on the influence of clay type (kaolin and bentonite) and zeolite inclusion (5%, 10%, and 15%). A series of laboratory tests were conducted, including consolidated undrained triaxial tests, cyclic triaxial tests, bender element tests, compaction tests, and adsorption tests. In kaolin-based mixtures, contamination decreased peak shear strength by up to 22% and elastic modulus by 28%, due to reduced internal friction despite increased cohesion. In contrast, bentonite-based mixtures showed a 17% increase in shear strength and a 24% rise in elastic modulus with contamination, driven by higher internal friction angles. Zeolite addition improved cohesion and limited strength and stiffness losses, with 10% zeolite inclusion identified as optimal. Under cyclic loading, heavy metal contamination reduced liquefaction resistance, in kaolin mixtures, while 5–10% zeolite addition increased liquefaction resistance by reducing cyclic axial strains by up to 32%. Contamination also lowers small strain shear modulus by 20–30% and raises damping ratio by 15–30%, of which zeolite addition helps stabilize. Atterberg limits, pH measurements, and SEM imaging collectively demonstrate that cation exchange and diffuse double-layer compression govern the observed macroscopic behavior. Zeolite enhances heavy metal adsorption in contaminated soils by up to 70% at 5% content and further by 26% at 10%, with 10% zeolite appearing optimal for adsorption effectiveness. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on the montmorillonite illitization process in Na-Gaomiaozi bentonite for Chinese EBS","authors":"Cong Liu,&nbsp;Yong-Gui Chen,&nbsp;Zhao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04462-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04462-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Na-Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite has been selected as the buffer material in the Chinese engineering barrier structure (EBS) for nuclear waste disposal. In order to investigated the illitization process of montmorillonite in Na-GMZ bentonite, hydrothermal tests were conducted considering different concentrations of K⁺, reaction temperatures and times. The mineralogical and colloidal properties of the reacted soil were characterized by X-ray diffraction and zeta potential tests, respectively. The ion concentration of supernatant solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optimal emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results showed that the presence of K⁺ promotes the illitization of montmorillonite, and the proportion of illite layers increase with the increasing of K⁺. Both elevated temperature and time accelerate the illitization of montmorillonite. During the illitization, Si was released from the tetrahedral sheets of montmorillonite. An assessment model of swelling pressure during the illitization of compacted Na-GMZ bentonite is proposed, and the calculated results showing good agreement with experimental data under different K⁺ concentrations from the literature. This work provides a valuable approach for the phase transformation evaluation of the buffer material in Chinese EBS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04462-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of shale considering spatial variability of matrix properties","authors":"Yu Lin,&nbsp;Chuan He,&nbsp;Guowen Xu,&nbsp;Haojie Liu,&nbsp;Xu Chen,&nbsp;Gaoyu Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04443-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered shale, with its pronounced anisotropy in deformation, strength, and failure patterns stemming from intrinsic layering and structural discontinuities, presents significant challenges for stability assessments in underground engineering. This study investigates the fracture failure modes of transversely isotropic layered shale using Brazilian splitting tests, employing a modeling approach that incorporates the random distribution characteristics of matrix mechanical parameters in layered rocks. Brazilian splitting tests on shale samples (θ = 0°–90°) were used to analyze tensile strength and failure modes. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques captured damage evolution, while a 3D random field model Simulated rock Heterogeneity. Results indicate that failure strength peaks at 60°, potentially due to the shear-tension coupling effect along bedding planes. Layer activation (LA) is the dominant failure mode for angles between 0° and 60°, while mixed failure occurs at 45° and 60°. Compared to conventional homogenized models, incorporating spatial variability via a random field approach allows for a more realistic representation of rock heterogeneity. This allows the numerical simulations to capture localized yielding and crack evolution patterns that would otherwise be overlooked in uniform-property models. The Yield Approach Index (YAI) effectively describes the evolution of yielding regions during loading, demonstrating that stress redistribution and crack propagation are influenced by the spatial variability of rock properties. Adjustments to random field parameters, rock matrix properties, and foliation parameters significantly influence failure strength and modes; foliation parameters exhibit a more pronounced effect at lower loading angles. This research offers valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of layered shale, thereby contributing to the stability assessment of underground engineering projects situated in anisotropic rock masses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on creep constitutive model of loess considering hardening and damage effects","authors":"Nan Yang,&nbsp;Yahong Deng,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Huandong Mu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04457-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04457-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Creep deformation of loess will directly affect the long-term safety and stability of loess engineering. The creep deformation characteristics of loess under different confining pressures and loading levels were investigated by performing graded loading and unloading triaxial creep tests in order to study the creep characteristics of loess in depth. Test results show that under similar loading conditions, higher confining pressure reduces creep. Only decelerated creep occurs in loess at low and medium stress. Decelerated, steady, and accelerated creep occur in loess at high stress. The creep mechanism of loess was analysed according to the mechanical response characteristics of loess to creep loading and the microstructural evolution characteristics of typical loess creep. The creep mechanism of loess is that the creep of loess is a result of the combined effect of compression hardening and structural damage. Finally, based on Norton's creep power law and continuous damage mechanics, a new loess creep constitutive model considering hardening and damage effects is proposed. The validity and reasonability of the proposed model is verified by fitting the theoretical model to the creep test data. The research results contribute to a better understanding of the creep properties of loess. They are of great practical value for solving loess rheological problems in practical engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation behaviors and failure mechanisms of fully grouted bolts in jointed rock masses under coupled tension and shear","authors":"Jiahao Yuan,&nbsp;Caihua Liu,&nbsp;Zude Lu,&nbsp;Chaoyi Sun,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04440-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04440-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fully grouted bolts are commonly used in mining and civil engineering for rock reinforcement, yet their bolting mechanisms, particularly in jointed rock mass, are not well-understood. Existing analytical methods often fail to accurately identify limit states under complex loads. In this study, dimensionless elastic and failure limit equations under tension and shear were derived, incorporating elastic–plastic bending theory with and without considering strain hardening effect. Strength envelopes for circular rebar were then illustrated. Taking the deflecting section of a fully-grouted bolt as a hyperstatic structure with ends rotation in the elastic stage and as a curved bar during the plastic stage, an improved tension-shear coupling beam (TSCB) model of the bolts was proposed. A computational program was developed to determine limit states through these strength envelopes. Results show that in the strain hardening stage, the bolt behaves like a slender rod rather than a truss. Mechanical analysis reveals that the bolt undergoes tension-shear failure at the bolt-joint intersection, with ongoing plastic deformation at the zero-shear force point, aligning with experimental observations. Comparison with experimental data confirms that the proposed method accurately predicts bolt contributions at both elastic and failure limits. This research significantly enhances bolting system design and stability assessment. Highlights. •Proposing an improved TSCB model of fully grouted bolts in jointed rock masses, which accurately describes bolts deformation behavior from elastic to strain hardening stages and identifies limit states under complex loads. •Deriving and illustrating dimensionless strength envelopes of circular rebar under complex loading conditions, which describe interaction relationships between coupled loads at limit states. •Determining the failure mode of fully grouted bolts under coupled tension and shear loads, i.e., tension-shear failure at the bolt-joint intersection, rather than tension-bending failure at other points along the deflecting section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}