Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Modelling combined flow-like mass movements: the case study of an Italian Alps catchment with protection works","authors":"Sabatino Cuomo,&nbsp;Ettore Iannuzzi,&nbsp;Martin Mergili,&nbsp;Angela Di Perna","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04268-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04268-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In high-mountain contexts, rainfall can trigger various flow-like mass movements, from debris flows to hyperconcentrated flows and flash floods. Despite similar runout and velocity, propagation mechanisms are different. In such complex phenomena, also the existing protection structures play a fundamental role. In this paper, a multi-phase mathematical framework is adopted to simulate the propagation of a mixture of soil and water along a 3D terrain model. The mass and momentum conservation equations are solved including the rheological behavior models for the materials involved: frictional for soil, Newtonian for water. Some selected scenarios are discussed for a site-specific case study in Northern Italy. The controversial role played by two storage basins located at the toe of the gully is explored numerically and compared to the field evidence. The novelty of the paper is to show how the water temporarily impounded in the basins enhanced the mobility of an incoming debris flow, which turned into an hyperconcentrated flow and went out of the protections structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04268-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a database on multivariate soil properties for collapsible loess in Xi’an, China","authors":"Jiabao Xu,&nbsp;Yongtang Yu,&nbsp;Jianguo Zheng,&nbsp;Lulu Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Guan,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04265-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04265-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several global or regional databases for various types of soils have been developed due to their importance in engineering design and analysis. However, a database is not yet available for collapsible loess in which severe geohazards often occur. In this study, a comprehensive loess database with twelve soil parameters is compiled by collecting results of field and laboratory tests on collapsible loess from the city of Xi’an, China. Basic statistics, marginal probability distribution functions (PDFs), and a correlation matrix for loess parameters are estimated from the database. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first collapsible loess database at a municipal level. In addition, existing databases often lack sufficiently complete multivariate measurement data for a proper estimation of statistical correlations among multiple soil properties. In this study, this incomplete multivariate measurement data problem is tackled by Bayesian methods (i.e., Bayesian Gaussian mixture model and Bayesian compressive sampling (BCS) with Karhunen–Loève (KL) expansion, BCS-KL), which are illustrated and validated using the incomplete and complete subsets of the loess database, respectively. Both the Bayesian Gaussian mixture model and BCS-KL are non-parametric, and they offer a flexible way of modeling marginal PDFs and a correlation matrix from incomplete measurements in a realistic manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04265-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability evaluation of columnar perilous rock in the Three Gorges Reservoir area based on UAV tilt photography","authors":"Linfeng Wang,&nbsp;Ning Tang,&nbsp;Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Huafeng Deng,&nbsp;Zhizhong Yang,&nbsp;Bo Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04252-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04252-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The columnar perilous rocks (CPR) along the Three Gorges Reservoir area are characterized by noncontactless, inaccessible, and large volume, potentially threaten the safety of the Yangtze River Golden Channel. To this end, based on point cloud data, a new algorithm for discontinuity plane identification and parameter extraction is proposed, which forms a new framework for stability analysis of CPR. This algorithm overcomes the disadvantage of large errors caused by fixed K values in KNN algorithm through adaptive K values, and utilizes coplanarity to detect plane identification performance. Based on the spatial relationship between discontinuity planes orientations and normal vectors, as well as the geometric relationship between the trace length and spacing in point cloud space, formulas for calculating the orientations, trace length, and spacing are obtained. The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified using point cloud data from Zengziyan CPR, with a point cloud pass rate of 99.6%. Five sets of discontinuity planes were identified, which were basically consistent with the actual surveyed discontinuity planes. The maximum errors in identifying trace length and spacing were 7 cm and 8 cm, respectively. Finally, this framework is applied to the Longmenzhai CPR in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The results indicate that the maximum identification error of orientation is 3.9°. The maximum relative errors of trace length and spacing recognition are 1.53% and 1.51% respectively, and the error values are both in centimeter level. Through kinematic analysis and safety factor calculation, it is believed that there is a possibility of sliding failure and compression-shear failure in Longmenzhai CPR. The new framework for CPR investigation can accurately identify discontinuity planes, extract parameter information, and determine the stable state of CPR, which can provide reference for similar investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring data-driven updating post-assessment of the effectiveness of anti-slide piles for colluvial slope stabilization","authors":"Yibiao Liu,&nbsp;Bin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04271-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04271-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A three-dimensional monitoring data-driven updating parameter back-analysis and slope stability analysis method is proposed to quantitatively and efficiently assess the effectiveness of anti-slide piles for colluvial slope stabilization. By integrating the multi-output Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), a meta-model is constructed to characterize the relationship between geotechnical parameters and monitored displacements. This meta-model enables deterministic and probabilistic back-analyses based on multiple monitoring points. Another meta-model is developed to characterize the relationship between geotechnical parameter field distributions and the factor of safety (FOS) using a multi-input and multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This meta-model enables efficient reliability analyses for colluvial slopes with highly spatially varying geotechnical parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a typical highway colluvial slope case. The case study further reveals a linear correlation between the deterministic and reliability analysis-based ratios of safety margins. This finding suggests that both deterministic and reliability analysis outcomes can provide quantitative bases for stability assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of swelling pressure – dry density relationship for compacted Bentonites and Bentonite – sand mixtures","authors":"Chinumani Choudhury,&nbsp;Tadikonda Venkata Bharat","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04260-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04260-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical stability of compacted bentonites and bentonite-sand mixtures under isochoric conditions is widely studied due to their potential application in nuclear waste repositories in the form of buffer and backfill material. The knowledge of swelling pressure variation with compaction density for different bentonites and bentonite-sand mixtures is thus important for the design of such repositories. The available predictive models require the knowledge of surface properties of clay particles and complex interactions of montmorillonite clay particles with other particles during swelling process. Thus, the applicability of the existing diffuse double layer based theoretical models is limited due to the influence of non-montmorillonite minerals, non-clay content, and multi-valent exchangeable cations on the mechanical behavior. A predictive model based on the linearization of the swelling pressure data using a normalization-dry density was proposed in this paper. The influence of percentage of montmorillonite content and surface properties on the swelling pressure variation with density was captured by a single empirical parameter proposed in this study. The proposed model required a single experimentally measured swelling pressure data point of a given bentonite or bentonite-sand mixture in the dry density ranging between 1.45 – 1.7 Mg/m³ for establishing the swelling pressure curves over a wide range of dry densities. The model does not require the knowledge of the surface properties, unlike the theoretical models. The predictive model was successfully validated on the laboratory measured data of several bentonites and bentonite – sand mixtures from the present and literature studies. Furthermore, its ability to generate swelling pressure curves over a wide dry density range enhances its versatility and utility in engineering applications such as designing nuclear waste repositories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility mapping using hybrid machine learning classifiers: a case study of Neelum Valley, Pakistan","authors":"Sansar Raj Meena,&nbsp;Muhammad Afaq Hussain,&nbsp;Hafiz Ullah,&nbsp;Ibad Ullah","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04270-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04270-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Neelum Valley in the Himalayan region of Pakistan frequently experiences landslides triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and human interventions, leading to significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Studying landslides in this region is essential for effective disaster management and risk assessment. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) in areas like the Neelum Valley is crucial for proactive hazard mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, innovative data visualization approaches are used to create hybrid LSM, representing an innovation in LSM studies. This study aims to examine and compare the performance of various Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) as well as a Hybrid classifier (XGB + LGBM + CatB), for mapping landslide susceptibility. Utilizing various data sources, a total of 360 landslide locations were initially identified in the Neelum Valley to create a comprehensive landslide inventory map. These locations were then randomly split into two datasets, using a 70/30 ratio, for training and validation purposes. In the second step, a landslide factor database was developed, consisting of 14 factors related to hydrology, climate, geology, topography, and human activities. Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient and the ReliefF technique were applied to rank the importance of these factors. Additionally, several performance metrics were used to evaluate the classifiers, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, Matthew's correlation coefficients, root mean square error, mean square error, Cohens Kappa and Jaccard Index. The Hybrid classifier (XGB + LGBM + CATB) achieved the highest AUC value (0.9039), indicating it was the most efficient model, followed by XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, with AUC values of 0.8920, 0.8935, and 0.8945, respectively. The study concludes that the stacking ensemble classifier shows significant potential for LSM in Neelum Valley, effectively identifying landslide-prone areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis and modeling study of the coupled elastoplastic damage model for sandy mudstone","authors":"Mingtao Hu,&nbsp;Weiya Xu,&nbsp;Huanling Wang,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yu Ning,&nbsp;Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04258-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04258-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triaxial monotonic and cyclic loading tests were conducted on typical sandy mudstone samples under different confining pressures. The samples were obtained from the Liujiacun tunnel in the Chuxiong section of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project. The strength and deformation characteristics of sandy mudstone were analyzed. Moreover, the damage parameters were introduced in the analysis process. Based on the mechanical behavior characteristics of sandy mudstone, a coupled elastoplastic damage model with the modified Drucker-Prager criterion was proposed. In addition, an elastoplastic damage coupling correction algorithm was also proposed to introduce the mechanical behavior of sandy mudstone. Finally, there is a good agreement between the experimental data and numerical simulation results. The coupled elastoplastic damage model with the proposed algorithm could accurately describe the mechanical behavior of sandy mudstone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure characteristics of soft rock and overlying soil after excavation of adjacent hard rock considering the rainfall","authors":"Kai Li,&nbsp;Shaorui Sun,&nbsp;Minyi Zhu,&nbsp;Jihong Wei,&nbsp;Jinglei Song,&nbsp;Hu Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04267-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04267-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slope sliding in open-pit mines is a prevalent issue. While the mechanisms behind single influencing factors and their combinations that lead to slope sliding have been identified, the role of lithological differences in slope instability and failure remains unclear. This study focuses on a typical slope with distinct lithological variations and nearly vertical rock strata. Through a combination of field investigations and numerical simulations, the behaviors of adjacent soft rock and its overlying soil under varying excavation depths in hard rock areas and rainfall conditions were analyzed. Key findings include the impact of previous excavations on stress distribution within the slope. Shallow excavations in hard rock cause significant displacement differences in the overlying soil of adjacent soft rock, with maximum displacement and shear strain occurring at the excavation surface. Rainfall tends to concentrate displacement in the slope area. As excavation depth increases, substantial shear strain develops at the base of the soft rock near the free face, leading to noticeable unloading rebound effects. The compression zone of the unexcavated hard rock also expands. Shallow excavation decreases the slope safety factor by 32.5%, while deep excavation leads to an additional reduction of 9.2%. Rainfall significantly increases the potential sliding area, and when combined with deep excavations, it can lead to slope instability and failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method for full-process deformation of slopes subject to drying-wetting cycles","authors":"Fangyue Luo,&nbsp;Ga Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04261-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04261-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slope deformation due to drying-wetting cycles is a great concern in both the risk warning of slopes and the design of various slope structures on the slope. A new full-process slope deformation analysis method was derived based on slice methods, with innovations in terms of the constitutive equation, displacement compatibility equation, and stress equilibrium equation. A constitutive model of the soil was proposed with defined parameters, and it was reported to perform well in the prediction of the deformation increment and strength reduction due to drying-wetting cycles. The potential slip surface was shown to be a key component of characterizing the full-process deformation of a slope and to exhibit the displacement compatibility trend in which the relative horizontal displacement along the potential slip surface was equal at various locations. A slope deformation analysis algorithm was derived to analyze the shear deformation characteristics of potential slip surfaces and the volumetric deformation characteristics of sliding bodies subjected to drying-wetting cycles. The proposed method was validated by comparing the predicted slope deformation characteristics with centrifuge model test and field observation results under drying-wetting cycles. The method was confirmed to predict the full-process deformation of soil slopes during drying-wetting cycles, including the small deformation stage, prefailure stage, failure process and postfailure stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Engineering geological evaluation of weathered limestones and dolomites quarries in Gebze (Türkiye)","authors":"Candan Bilen,&nbsp;Atiye Tuğrul,&nbsp;Ömer Ündül","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04272-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04272-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04272-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}