Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of sand particle morphology: state-of-the-art","authors":"KV Anusree,&nbsp;Gali Madhavi Latha","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03309-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03309-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphology of granular materials, such as sands, is of significant importance due to the effect of grain shape on their physical, mechanical, and hydraulic behavior. As technology has progressed from visual identification to modern computer-based techniques, numerous methods have been developed for quantifying grain shapes, many of which utilize digital image analysis and advances in computational techniques. A comprehensive understanding of available shape characterization methods is essential to make better use of these tools. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of current methods for characterizing the morphology of granular materials, focusing particularly on digital image analysis techniques. It critically evaluates two essential aspects of shape characterization: the acquisition of particle shape information and shape measurement methods, discussing the strengths and limitations of each approach. Further, the application of grain shape characterization to analyze the effect of particle shape on the macro-scale behavior of sand is discussed. The review emphasizes the need to shift from classical shape characterizations developed by sedimentologists to objective-oriented shape characterizations that enable micro-to-macro correlations, taking into account the availability of robust tools and technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4898684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock recognition and identification for selective mechanical mining: a self-adaptive artificial neural network approach","authors":"Rachel Xu,&nbsp;Ewan J. Sellers,&nbsp;Ebrahim Fathi-Salmi","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03311-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03311-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In situ characterisation of rock is crucial for mine planning and design. Recent developments in machine learning (ML) have enabled the whole learning, reasoning, and decision-making process to be more efficient and accurate. Despite these developments, the application of ML in rock-cutting is at an early stage due to the lack of mining applications of mechanised excavation leading to limited availability of data sets and the lack of the expert knowledge required when fine-tuning models. This study presents a novel approach for rock identification during mechanical mining by applying a self-adaptive artificial neural network (ANN) model to classify the rock types for selective cutting, in which datasets from two novel cutting operations (actuated disc cutting (ADC) and oscillating disc cutting (ODC)) were employed to test and train a model. The model was also configured with the Bayesian optimization algorithm to determine optimal hyperparameters in an automated manner. By comparing the performance of each evaluation, the model was trained to identify the best set of hypermeters at which uncertainty is minimal. Further testing indicated the model is very accurate in classifying rock types for ADC as the accuracy, recall, and precision all equal unity. Some misclassifications occurred for ODC with the accuracy, recall, and precision ranging from 0.68 to 0.99. The promising results proved the model is a robust and scalable tool for classifying the rock types for selective cutting operations enabling the interpretation to be performed more precisely, selectively, and efficiently. Since mechanical cutting requires significant energy, any improvement in matching machine characteristics to the rock mass will increase productivity, and energy efficiency and reduce cost.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03311-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4863890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utilization of silica sand beneficiation cake as a fluxing agent in production of clay brick","authors":"Gökhan Görhan,&nbsp;Ahmet Yıldız","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03266-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03266-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The silica sand formations are widespread among Neogene sediments with coal and clay levels around Şile region (İstanbul, Turkey). The silica sand beneficiation cake (SSBC) is formed as a secondary product during the enrichment process of silica sand. The high production of silica sand in the Şile region leads to the generation of large amounts of SSBC. The storage of SSBC and extensive use of fertile alluvial soil in clay brick production cause environmental problems. Our study aims to investigate the use of SSBC as a fluxing agent in brick clay, creating an alternative usage area for SSBC and minimizing environmental problems. The ceramic bricks were produced with 2 different proportions of SSBC (25 and 50%). The mixtures were shaped using extrusion methods and then fired at 700, 800 and 900 °C. The characterisation of raw materials and fired brick samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and physical (particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, shrinkage, weight loss, porosity, bulk density) and compressive strength tests. The addition of SSBC improved the plasticity properties; increased the amorphous phase ratio, firing shrinkage, weight loss, bulk density and compressive strength; and additionally decreased the apparent porosity and water absorption. The improved physical and mechanical properties proved that clay bricks with SSBC can be used in the partition walls in buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4863229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of different CO2 phase states on fluid flow pathways in coal: insights from image reconstruction and fractal study","authors":"Peng Luo,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Liu,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03322-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03322-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The CO₂ phase state changes during the long-term interaction with coal seams. A proper understanding of the influence of different CO₂ phase states in water-bearing coal seams is of great significance in evaluating the leakage risk during CO₂ sequestration. The evolution of fluid flow pathways in water-bearing coal subjected to the treatment of different CO₂ phase states was investigated by using X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology, fractal dimension, and three-dimensional (3D) pore-scale flow modeling. The results show that the supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂) treatment reduced the coal heterogeneity by 12.69% and increased the absolute permeability by 58.75%. Conversely, only 0.71% of coal heterogeneity reduction occurred after subcritical CO₂ (SubCO₂) treatment, increasing the absolute permeability by 24.91%. The reduction in the tortuosity fractal dimension after ScCO₂ treatment was 2.69% larger than that of SubCO₂ treatment, indicating that ScCO₂ treatment was more favorable for improving the transport capacity of flow pathways. The pressure field distributions in the pore network model (PNM) were determined by coal heterogeneity and influenced by the number of flow pathways. The effect of ScCO₂ treatment on the size, quantity, and location of preferential flow pathways in coal is more significant than that of SubCO₂ treatment. Moreover, the proportion of preferential flow pathways in ScCO₂-treated coal was less than 50%, much lower than that of the throats in PNMs. In contrast, the proportion of preferential flow pathways in SubCO₂-treated coal was approximately 30% higher than that in ScCO₂-treated coal. The distribution of preferential flow pathways also indicated that not all pores with larger radii participated in preferential flow. Furthermore, more than 50% of the pathways in the ScCO₂-treated coal did not contribute to fluid flow, and could affect the stability of the coal seam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03322-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4868595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and numerical modeling of the hypothetical tailings dam breach runout and mitigation with a slurry-resisting barrier","authors":"Yulong Chen,&nbsp;Xiaofei Jing,&nbsp;Zuoan Wei,&nbsp;Menglai Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03312-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03312-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential breach of the tailings dams has caused the loss of many lives, considerable property damage, and irreversible pollution in downstream areas. Therefore, understanding the after-breach processes is a crucial step when performing a hazard analysis and response planning. In this investigation, the Yangtianqing tailings pond with possible fatality as a result of this dam failure might be classified as extreme failure consequence classification and was selected as a case study. Model tests and the corresponding numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the potential consequence of the runout of the tailings with respect to the hypothetical tailings dam breach. The results demonstrate the high risks of this typical “overhead tailings pond.” Downstream communities and other important facilities can be submerged in an extremely short period of time, thus, leaving very limited time to evacuate the residents and conduct a further emergency response. The potentially destructive power of the tailings slurry was emphasized by the high flow depth, impact force, and velocity of the tailings slurry that was 800 m downstream where the communities were located. A slurry-resisting barrier dam is proposed as a form of mitigation to protect the communities. The barrier dam can effectively reduce the mobility of the runout slurry. The results can serve as evidence for disaster mitigation and emergency management plan optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4827517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of drilling rate index based on mineralogical and textural properties of natural stones","authors":"Deniz Tumac,&nbsp;Aydin Shaterpour-Mamaghani,&nbsp;Shahabedin Hojjati,&nbsp;Can Polat,&nbsp;Selman Er,&nbsp;Hanifi Copur,&nbsp;Cemal Balci","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03279-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03279-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last few decades, researchers have focused on developing models that aim to predict the drillability of natural stones based on their physicomechanical properties using regression analyses. This study aims to investigate the relationships between the drilling rate index (<i>DRI</i>) of natural stones and their mineralogical and textural properties. A database composed of 37 natural stone samples was used to develop new <i>DRI</i> estimation models using regression analysis and the application of an evolutionary algorithm. The results revealed that the <i>DRI</i> could be predicted based on the texture coefficient, Shore scleroscope hardness, and the product of the uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength based on an analysis of the combined dataset consisting of natural stones of metamorphic, sedimentary, and magmatic origins. The non-linear models developed by the evolutionary computation algorithm revealed that the texture coefficient, mean grain size, uniaxial compressive strength, and Brazilian tensile strength could be used to predict the <i>DRI</i> of metamorphic natural stones. This study differs from previous studies through its use of a novel evolutionary algorithm based on a combination of gene expression programming and particle swarm optimization, which was used to perform a non-linear regression analysis to identify models that could accurately predict <i>DRI</i>. To improve the generalizability of the proposed models, more types of natural stones, especially those with magmatic origins, should be included in the database analyzed in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03279-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4826632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mesoscopic fracture mechanism of rockbursts under gradient stresses","authors":"Xiqi Liu,&nbsp;Gang Wang,&nbsp;Yan Chang,&nbsp;Leibo Song,&nbsp;Kai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03294-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03294-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract   </h2><div><p>The tangential stress of surrounding rocks is large on tunnel walls. While from tunnel walls to the interior of surrounding rocks, the tangential stress declines and approaches the in situ stress in a gradient manner. To study the influences of stress gradient on the failure mechanism of rockbursts, a mesoscopic model was established based on the discrete element software particle flow code (PFC). The model was used to simulate rockburst disasters in the loading process of gradient stresses and analyze the failure modes and energy evolution process under different gradient stresses. Using the PFC platform, an acoustic emission (AE)–based simulation method at the mesoscopic scale was proposed according to the moment tensor theory to explore features of AE events, including the spatio-temporal distribution and fracture strength of the model during rockbursts. By analyzing the failure process, the increase in the applied stress gradient is found to accelerate the deterioration process of materials and promotes samples to fracture rapidly along dominant main cracks. The number of derivative cracks and the total number of cracks are significantly reduced, and the model shows a change from tensile failure to shear failure. As the applied stress gradient grows, the proportion of elastic energy storage in the model increases before a rockburst, and the rate of release of energy rises accordingly during the rockburst. The AE count at fracture points on the unloading face of the model is normally distributed with changes in the strength M, and the overall AE intensity is enhanced as the gradient increases.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03294-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4824803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force system conversion mechanisms of retaining structures for subway excavation in soft soil","authors":"Meng Han,&nbsp;Zhe Li,&nbsp;Jinqing Jia,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bao,&nbsp;Guoxiong Mei,&nbsp;Lulu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03282-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03282-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The problem of force system balance between earth pressure and retaining structures has received less attention. Therefore, this paper investigates the force system conversion mechanism of retaining structures for braced excavation in soft soil. Based on the measured data at Daliang Station, the deformation characteristics of braced excavation in soft soil were analyzed, and the temperature correction model and prediction methods for strut force were established. Further, the mechanism of force system conversion between earth pressure and retaining structures was discussed. Optimized support schemes were proposed to reduce the excavation displacement and forces. The results show that the maximum wall displacement was 0.02–0.3% of the excavation depth. The effect of temperature on the support force was about 24.9% on average, and the temperature effect on wall displacement was 12.69–38.57%. The proposed temperature correction model can effectively eliminate the temperature effect on the support force. When excavating to the bottom plate, about 70% of the water-and-soil pressure was converted into the internal force of the support structure. And the optimized support schemes resulted in a maximum reduction in wall displacement of 23.7% and an increase of 4.21% in the proportion of water-and-soil pressure converted into support forces. The results help to provide a reference for the design and construction of the subway excavation engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4754678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of rockburst mechanism in a steeply dipping coal seam","authors":"Shengquan He,&nbsp;Dazhao Song,&nbsp;Xueqiu He,&nbsp;Zhenlei Li,&nbsp;Tuo Chen,&nbsp;Feng Shen,&nbsp;Jianqiang Chen,&nbsp;Hani Mitri","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03248-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03248-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rockbursts\u0000that occurred in steeply dipping coal seams (SDCSs) are frequent and hazardous, and the resultant damage characteristics are different from those in horizontal and slightly dipping coal seams. A rockburst case study is carried out in a representative SDCS to reveal the factors causing rockbursts in SDCSs with similar mining conditions. Parametric studies on rockburst triggering factors including mining depth, mechanical properties of backfill materials, lateral stress coefficient, and coal seam dip angle are conducted using numerical modelling techniques. The triggering factors are further validated through the analysis of the spatial distribution of microseismic events and rockburst sources, roadway damage characteristics, and surface fractures. The obtained results indicate the presence of an asymmetric stress field in the coal seams. The deformation of roof and rock pillar induced by caving mining exerts an obvious compressive and prying effect on the coal body. The study shows an inverse relationship between stress concentration and the backfill material stiffness, while the stress concentration and rockburst potential positively correlate with mining depth, lateral pressure coefficient, and coal seam dip angle. The stress concentration due to compressive and prying effect, combined with dynamic load generated by microseismic events, leads to the frequent rockburst hazards in SDCSs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4650162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility prediction considering rock integrity and stress state: a case study","authors":"He Wang,&nbsp;Tianhong Yang,&nbsp;Penghai Zhang,&nbsp;Feiyue Liu,&nbsp;Honglei Liu,&nbsp;Peng Niu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03250-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03250-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide is a major disaster threatening the safety and orderly production of an open-pit mine, so slope stability evaluation is of great significance to the support and monitoring arrangement. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) was widely used in landslide prediction. The former research focused on the algorisms to improve its accuracy, which is relatively complete and left little room for further improvement. In this paper, new factors, including RQD and numerical simulation (NS), are selected to solve the limitation of traditional LSM on the integrity and stress state of the slope. The RQD value was obtained by machine learning and converted into rasters by the ordinary Kriging interpolation method. The slope stress was calculated by the finite difference method and converted into raster data using a program written by Fish language. Based on the information value (INV) method, gradient boosting decision tree (GDBT) was used as the main algorism to generate the LSM-NS. Finally, because LSM-NS contains landslides that have already occurred and those in high susceptibility due to its stress state, commonly used validation methods such as AUROC could no longer be used. Multiple validation methods were applied, such as stress monitoring and UAV tilt photography. The result indicates that the stress increases with crack generating in the high susceptibility area of LSM-NS, where traditional LSM could not predict. Therefore, the addition of RQD and NS could further improve the accuracy using existing algorism. LSM-NS is recommended as the more suitable model for landslide susceptibility assessment in a small area due to its excellent accuracy and efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03250-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4616657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}