Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigations on thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of compacted bentonite-based backfill materials","authors":"Banavath Prasad Nayak,&nbsp;Ramakrishna Bag,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Bajpai,&nbsp;Asutosh Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04410-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04410-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Study of thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of bentonite-based backfill materials is crucial for safe performances of high-level waste repositories. Column tests were conducted using a laboratory device with bentonite/sand (B/S) and bentonite/crushed granite (B/CG) mixtures (50/50 and 70/30) under close conditions of backfill materials in repositories. The device facilitated continuous measurements of hydration stress and temperature of compacted specimens under thermal and coupled thermo-hydraulic conditions. Additionally, thermal conductivity of soil mixtures was investigated using thermal probe, highlighting its dependence on temperature under constant moisture condition. Specimens for thermal conductivity tests were statically compacted at constant dry density with varying water content, and exposed to 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C under constant volume condition. Experimental results indicated that hydration stress for both soil mixtures exhibits different swelling stages with time. With increasing sand or crushed granite content, time required for maximum hydration stress increases and impedes development of swelling. Temperature profiles were slightly higher during coupled thermo-hydraulic conditions, with B/S mixtures exhibiting higher temperatures than B/CG mixtures. Thermal conductivity increases with temperature, reaching 1.09–1.24 times for B/CG mixtures and 1.10–1.21 times for B/S mixtures at 80 °C to that at 20 °C. For a given water content, size of macropores and pore fractions was lower for B/S mixtures, thus higher thermal conductivity for B/S mixtures. Pore system for both soil mixtures improves and provides a better connectivity between particles with increasing water content. Temperature effect on thermal conductivity is significant at higher water content and temperatures due to additional latent heat transfer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green coal mining technology of overburden grout injection with directional drilling under buildings","authors":"Erhu Bai,&nbsp;Ranlie Wang,&nbsp;Wenbing Guo,&nbsp;Yi Tan,&nbsp;Weifeng Lei,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Zeyu Wei","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04411-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04411-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The damage of overburden caused by coal mining is the essence of surface subsidence and the damage of buildings. Under the concepts of green mining and solid waste utilization, the green development of coal-based energy is the current mainstream direction of development. The overburden grout injection technology is the best choice for protecting surface buildings and structures and achieving efficient utilization of coal resources. However, the tense relationship between industry and agriculture in mining areas is the main factor restricting the implementation of the overburden grout injection technology. Therefore, green coal mining technology of overburden grout injection with directional drilling (OGIDD) under buildings is proposed. By expounding the basic principles and technical steps of this method, a trajectory expansion model of directional drilling is established, and key technical parameters such as the optimal spacing and layout of directional drilling are determined. The design of the directional drilling structure based on the experience of traditional overburden grout injection drilling is optimized. Engineering applications indicates that the maximum surface subsidence is 34 mm, and there are no obvious changes in buildings and structures, all of which are within the range of Class I damage. 0.52 Mt of coal resources under pressure have been liberated. This not only alleviates the tense relationship between industry and agriculture, but also achieves the dual goals of green coal mining and building protection, promoting the safe, green and sustainable development of coal enterprises.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven prediction for uniaxial compression failure time of strong bump-prone coal using acoustics-informed neural networks","authors":"Shirui Wang,&nbsp;Yixin Zhao,&nbsp;Yimeng Song,&nbsp;Jihong Guo,&nbsp;Guangpei Zhu,&nbsp;Ke Gong,&nbsp;Guoning Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Bin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04412-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04412-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The failure prediction for coal material is crucial in mining engineering and mining safety. Classical approaches for failure prediction of coal material generally rely on identifying anomalous changes in monitored characteristics as precursors to failure, yet they lack the capability for precise and quantitative forecast. The data science-based deep learning techniques have supplied options to realize the possibility of quantitative and dynamic regression prediction. In this work, data-driven prediction models for remaining time to failure based on acoustics-informed and supervised neural networks were trained from scratch on coal samples under uniaxial compression. Through feature engineering process, feature combination from acoustic emission characteristics was selected. Notably, the RMS (root mean square of signal) was found as a pivotal feature for predicting coal failure. The proposed models on testing dataset were evaluated and compared using various metrics. In accordance to the results, the lightweight and hybrid deep learning model MCFPNet outperformed the other considered models on each performance metric. Among the metrics, the R² of MCFPNet reached 0.9652. Meanwhile, the unique interacting evaluation metric R² also produced performance improvement by 8.45% above the optimal of the other intelligent architectures for rock failure time. Furthermore, the uncertainty analyses via confidence intervals demonstrated the prediction robustness of the MCFPNet in repetitive training and testing process. Therefore, our work substantiates the effectiveness in quantitative prediction using the acoustics-informed and supervised deep learning model. Finally, the proposed coal failure prediction method offers valuable research inspiration and potential for the early warning of mining dynamic disasters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A time-dependent nonlinear model for unsaturated red clay considering temperature effects","authors":"Fengjie Yin,&nbsp;Guoqing Cai,&nbsp;Qianqian Liu,&nbsp;Yanlin Su,&nbsp;Huaxiong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04397-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04397-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To quantitatively analyze the complex mechanical behavior of unsaturated red clay fill along railway lines in western China under different environmental conditions, this study develops a refined nonlinear model that accurately integrates the effects of temperature, matric suction, and time. A series of triaxial shear tests with controlled strain rates were conducted under controlled temperature and suction conditions to reveal the significant influence of temperature, matric suction, and strain rate on key physical and mechanical parameters such as the initial shear modulus and peak stress difference of unsaturated soils. The results show that temperature significantly increases the shear modulus at high strain rates, while high matric suction reduces the strain rate effect on the strength of unsaturated soils. Additionally, the coupling effect of matric suction and temperature alters the relationship between peak stress difference and strain rate. The proposed nonlinear model, by introducing the evolution relationship of the above-mentioned physical and mechanical parameters with matric suction, temperature, and strain rate, comprehensively reflects the evolution of the stress–strain behavior of unsaturated red clay subgrade fill under complex environmental conditions. This model provides an important theoretical framework for engineering applications in similar complex environments and offers critical insights for engineering problems in analogous geological contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genetic programming model for estimating the rock mass deformation modulus based on analytical parameters","authors":"Mohammad Reza Shahverdiloo,&nbsp;Shokrollah Zare","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04387-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04387-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The estimation of the rock mass deformation modulus (<span>({mathrm{D}}_{mathrm{f}})</span>) via an empirical model has an approximately half-century history. However, reliable estimation of <span>({mathrm{D}}_{mathrm{f}})</span> has been a challenging task in terms of the theoretical concept of input parameters and data analysis methods. Analytical models present the principal input parameters; however, the concept of principal input parameters (PIP) will develop with an emphasis on in situ stress by participating in the confined Young's modulus and shear and normal joint stiffness at a specified normal stress. A review of seventy empirical models revealed that the majority of existing empirical relationships suffer from a lack of PIP. In this study, based on the geological strength index (29 &lt; GSI &lt; 83), confined Young's modulus, and shear and normal joint stiffness at specified normal stresses, the deformation modulus (1 &lt; <span>({mathrm{D}}_{mathrm{f}})</span>  &lt; 39.8 GPa) is forecasted by an empirical model. The database copes quite well with eighty-two data sets of different rock types. A new multigene genetic program (MGP) integrates five genes with a maximum depth of three as an optimal mathematical relationship in terms of fitness functions. A comparison of the estimated deformation modulus with several existing empirical models based on the same database confirms the superiority of the new MGP. The integration of the analytical base PIP improves the global acceptability of empirical models in analytical or numerical analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A calculation method for uneven collapsible deformation of soil between compaction piles in loess area","authors":"Xiaoxiao Liu,&nbsp;Hua Huang,&nbsp;Xi Liu,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Qinghui Liu,&nbsp;Yaohua Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04403-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04403-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Collapsible loess is prone to significant deformation under the influence of water and load, leading to severe engineering problems and disasters. Compaction pile, a common method to address loess collapsibility, often suffers from design inefficiencies. In order to address this issue, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the collapsible deformation after compaction treatment. This paper introduces the concept of the compaction coefficient, derived through theoretical analysis based on the SMP strength criterion and the associated flow rule. The impact of soil parameters on the compaction coefficient is examined. Using indoor model tests of pile sinking and compaction combined with electron microscope scanning, the compaction coefficient at various positions between piles is determined. The numerical calculation results from subroutine development are compared with theoretical and experimental findings, verifying the accuracy of the proposed compaction coefficient. Additionally, indoor collapsibility experiments establish the relationship between the collapsibility coefficient and the compaction coefficient, as well as the variation of the collapsibility coefficient with pressure, which is then incorporated into a programming language. Finally, a numerical calculation method for collapsible deformation based on the Abaqus subroutine is proposed and validated through indoor model collapsibility experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table model tests of the dynamic response of a homogeneous rock slope under strong earthquake conditions","authors":"Dubo Wang,&nbsp;Tanyu Wang,&nbsp;Jinyu Dong,&nbsp;Shengwen Qi,&nbsp;Yawen Zhao,&nbsp;Mao Jing","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04391-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dynamic stability of slopes is a prominent problem in China. The shaking table model test of a homogeneous slope was designed based on the Shazipo granite landslide caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the acceleration amplification factor of the slope increases significantly with increasing elevation and decreasing distance from the slope surface. The acceleration amplification factor of the slope under sine wave loading is higher than that under natural seismic wave loading, and the acceleration response of the Wolong wave is stronger than that of the El-Centro wave. With increasing seismic wave amplitude and frequency, the acceleration amplification factor of the slope first increases and then decreases. Under the loading of input waves with acceleration amplitudes of 0.3–0.6 g, the slope damping ratio continuously increases and the slope damage gradually accumulates. Under input wave loading with an acceleration amplitude of 0.7 g, the slope experiences sliding failure, the natural vibration frequency of the slope decreases obviously, and the damping ratio increases significantly. The failure modes of the homogeneous slope are as follows: small cracks appear at the shoulder and foot of the slope; cracks appear in the shallow surface and continue to develop and extend; cracks occur at the shoulder and increase in the slope body; and large-scale sliding failure occurs at the top of the slope. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the dynamic protection of homogeneous rock slopes in strong earthquake areas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved prediction of undrained shear strength of clay from CPTU data using an ensemble PSO-MARS model with robustness analysis","authors":"Wei Duan,&nbsp;Tianren Li,&nbsp;Zening Zhao,&nbsp;Guojun Cai,&nbsp;Xinyao Li,&nbsp;Shaoyun Pu,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Li,&nbsp;Zhangqian Wu,&nbsp;Songyu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04404-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04404-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The undrained shear strength (<i>s</i>_u) is an important parameter for clays. However, current empirical models for predicting <i>s</i>_u are not sufficiently reliable. A novel data-driven ensemble learning method combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) has been developed to capture the relationships between <i>s</i>_u and piezocone penetration test (CPTU) parameters based on collected datasets. Four combinations of CPTU measurements (cone tip resistance, <i>q</i>_t; sleeve friction resistance, <i>f</i>_s; and excess pore water pressure, Δ<i>u</i>; or normalized net cone resistance, <i>Q</i>_t; normalized friction ratio, <i>F</i>_r; and pore pressure parameter <i>B</i>_q) and in-situ stresses (total vertical stress, σ_vo, and effective vertical stress, σ´_vo) are used as input variables to determine the optimal combination of variables. In this novel model, PSO optimizes the hyperparameters in the MARS algorithm to form the PSO-MARS model, which has the advantage of visualizing the model expression. The performance of the PSO-MARS model is specifically compared with existing empirical correlations and other machine learning (ML) models. The robustness of prediction models is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the PSO-MARS model demonstrates higher accuracy and robustness in <i>s</i>_<i>u</i> prediction compared with other ML models and existing empirical correlations. Additionally, the PSO-MARS model provides intuitive expressions of the predicted outcomes. Among the four tested groups, the <i>q</i>_t-<i>f</i>_s-Δ<i>u</i>-<i>σ</i>_v0-<i>σ</i>'_v0 combination is identified as the optimal MARS model and is recommended for <i>s</i>_u prediction in engineering practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-driven scenario deduction of the Xinhua Village Landslide disaster chain","authors":"Wenjie Du,&nbsp;Xiaodong Fu,&nbsp;Qian Sheng,&nbsp;Jian Chen,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Shaojie Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04395-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04395-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrating digital and informational technology into geological hazard analysis and early warning represents a transformative shift from a traditional focus on post-disaster relief to a proactive emphasis on pre-disaster prevention. A physical model-driven framework was introduced for the digital simulation of geological hazards, which can be designed to be utilized and interacted with multi-source remote sensing and mapping data in an efficient manner. The framework encompasses disaster scenario element extraction, lightweight processing, and semantic modeling based on various datasets. It incorporates physical–mechanical algorithms to reconstruct the real-time state of hazards, simulate their future evolution paths, and predict post-instability kinematic behaviors. This approach captures the entire evolution of geological disasters. To validate the framework, a case study of a high-elevation landslide in the Xinhua Village segment of National Highway G351 in Ya’an, Sichuan, China was conducted. The dynamic evolution process and staged characteristics of the river-blocking mechanism of the landslide were analyzed from the perspective of energy evolution, reveals that the energy interaction and transfer efficiency between the landslide and the river are critical. Additionally, the ParaView platform was adopted to integrate and visualize model calculation results with digital real-world models. This multi-perspective, multi-dimensional scenario analysis can facilitate a deeper understanding of landslide instability and failure scenarios, demonstrating the practical potential of physics-driven scenario simulation technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual model for spatially regulating debris flow materials and energy by cascading check dams based on flume experiments","authors":"Jiangang Chen,&nbsp;Jinshui Wang,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Ziqin Tao,&nbsp;Huayong Chen,&nbsp;Wanyu Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04394-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04394-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Debris flows are associated with large amounts of sediment transport and dramatic energy shift, which seriously threatens the safety of human lives and infrastructure along their paths. Check dams, especially cascading check dams, can effectively mitigate debris flow hazards. However, how the solid material and energy of debris flows are regulated by the spatial distribution of cascading check dams is unclear. In this study, flume experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different spacings and numbers of check dams on the material transport and energy regulation of debris flows. Changes in the functional parameters regulating debris flows, such as the trapping efficiency, kinetic energy attenuation rate, potential energy storage ratio and total energy loss ratio, were revealed for cascading check dams. Both the trapping efficiency and kinetic energy attenuation rate increased with increasing dam number, reaching maximum values of 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between the functional parameters regulating the debris flow and the relative height difference along the channel were effectively described by an exponential function. Finally, a conceptual model was established to spatially regulate the sediment distribution and energy dissipation of debris flows by cascading check dams, and a relative height difference of 7.25 was the critical maximum empirical value for effective regulation of the debris flow models in this experiment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}