Failure characteristics of soft rock and overlying soil after excavation of adjacent hard rock considering the rainfall

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI:10.1007/s10064-025-04267-2

Kai Li, Shaorui Sun, Minyi Zhu, Jihong Wei, Jinglei Song, Hu Zheng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Slope sliding in open-pit mines is a prevalent issue. While the mechanisms behind single influencing factors and their combinations that lead to slope sliding have been identified, the role of lithological differences in slope instability and failure remains unclear. This study focuses on a typical slope with distinct lithological variations and nearly vertical rock strata. Through a combination of field investigations and numerical simulations, the behaviors of adjacent soft rock and its overlying soil under varying excavation depths in hard rock areas and rainfall conditions were analyzed. Key findings include the impact of previous excavations on stress distribution within the slope. Shallow excavations in hard rock cause significant displacement differences in the overlying soil of adjacent soft rock, with maximum displacement and shear strain occurring at the excavation surface. Rainfall tends to concentrate displacement in the slope area. As excavation depth increases, substantial shear strain develops at the base of the soft rock near the free face, leading to noticeable unloading rebound effects. The compression zone of the unexcavated hard rock also expands. Shallow excavation decreases the slope safety factor by 32.5%, while deep excavation leads to an additional reduction of 9.2%. Rainfall significantly increases the potential sliding area, and when combined with deep excavations, it can lead to slope instability and failure.

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考虑降雨的相邻硬岩开挖后软岩及上覆土破坏特征

露天矿边坡滑坡是一个普遍存在的问题。虽然已经确定了导致边坡滑动的单一影响因素及其组合背后的机制，但岩性差异在边坡失稳和破坏中的作用仍不清楚。研究对象为岩性变化明显、岩层接近垂直的典型边坡。通过现场调查与数值模拟相结合的方法，分析了硬岩区不同开挖深度和降雨条件下邻近软岩及其上覆土的行为。主要发现包括以前的开挖对边坡内应力分布的影响。在硬岩中进行浅埋开挖，相邻软岩上覆土的位移差异较大，最大位移和剪切应变发生在开挖面。降雨倾向于将位移集中在坡区。随着开挖深度的增加，靠近自由工作面的软岩底部出现了较大的剪切应变，导致卸荷回弹效应明显。未开挖的硬岩压缩区也随之扩大。浅开挖使边坡安全系数降低32.5%，深开挖使边坡安全系数再降低9.2%。降雨显著增加了边坡的潜在滑动面积，加之深基坑开挖，可导致边坡失稳破坏。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.90%

发文量

445

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces: • the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.