Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Physical model test on a reservoir landslide with double sliding zones subjected to water level fluctuation and rainfall","authors":"Kang Liao,&nbsp;Fasheng Miao,&nbsp;Yiping Wu,&nbsp;Hai Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04320-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04320-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the Huangtupo Riverside Slump 1#, a reservoir landslide with double sliding zones in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China, is selected as the prototype for a scaled physical model test subjected to water level fluctuation and rainfall. The spatial–temporal characteristics of the multi-physical monitoring data are thus obtained, including the pore water pressure, earth pressure, surface deformation, and deep deformation. Subsequently, the failure mechanism and evolution process of the landslide model are discussed. The results indicate that the rise and fall of reservoir water correspondingly increase and decrease the pore water pressure and earth pressure at the front edge of the model, while having almost no effect on the trailing edge. The rainfall increases the pore water pressure and soil pressure of the entire model, and the increase is proportional to its duration and intensity but limited by the height of overlying soil. Both the surface deformation and deep deformation increase with the fall of reservoir water and rainfall. Except for the weakening effect of the soil caused by the first rise of reservoir water, which results in a certain surface deformation and deep deformation, the surface deformation has almost no response with the subsequent rises, while the deep deformation decreases with the rises. The Riverside Slump 1–1# exhibits the characteristics of retrogressive failure with whole evolution phases, while the Riverside Slump 1–2# exhibits a composite evolution, in which its middle front belongs to the retrogressive failure within the initial deformation, and the trailing edge belongs to the progressive failure within the accelerated deformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on short-term creep crack evolution and acoustic emission characteristics of salt rock after heat treatment at different temperatures","authors":"Xiaokang Pan,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Yichao Rui,&nbsp;Ziyang Chen,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Junsheng Du","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04247-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04247-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The construction of salt cavern storage engineering is an important national strategic requirement in China. However, temperature has always been an important factor affecting the creep deformation of the surrounding rock of salt cavern storage. So, the influence of temperature on the creep damage behavior of salt rock was studied through indoor experiments, and the crack evolution and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics during the creep process were discussed. Firstly, the research results indicate that a high temperature of 200 ℃ causes thermal damage to salt rock, while a high temperature of 100 ℃ enhances the self-healing ability of salt rock. Secondly, the IET function curves based on AE rate-process theory during the creep process can be divided into four obvious stages. Thirdly, during the entire creep process, the probability of low-energy AE events at 200 ℃ is the highest, followed by 25 ℃, and lowest at 100 ℃. This result is similar to the occurrence of AEs, that is, the probability of high amplitude AEs occurring at 200 ℃ is lowest, followed by 25 ℃ and the highest at 100 ℃. Fourthly, the proportion of tensile cracks during the creep process of salt rock exceeds 70%, and the proportion of tensile cracks is highest at 25 ℃, followed by 200 ℃, and lowest at 100 ℃. Finally, a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic creep model considering damage was constructed and validated. This research work plays an important role in the stability assessment and prediction of deep salt cavern storage engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustered shallow landslides triggered by heavy rainfall in May 2022 in Wuping County, Fujian Province, China","authors":"Shuangquan Li,&nbsp;Wenkai Feng,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yi,&nbsp;Kan Liu,&nbsp;Chaoxu Guo,&nbsp;Xuefeng Tang,&nbsp;Zhongteng Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04280-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04280-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslides triggered by extreme rainfall often cause severe casualties and property loss. A recent case in Wuping County, southeastern China, exemplifies this. Between May 22 and 27, 2022, cumulative rainfall exceeded 250 mm, with a peak hourly intensity of 61.2 mm/h, triggering 867 shallow landslides averaging 1.3 m in thickness. The spatial distribution characteristics and initiation mechanism of landslides were revealed through remote sensing analysis, field surveys, and a series of geotechnical tests. Landslides were concentrated on 30°–50° slopes, with convex slopes showing the highest frequency ratio (FR = 1.2). In contrast, landslides were rare in the due north direction, likely due to variations in solar exposure and precipitation patterns. Higher densities occurred along road-cut slopes, emphasizing human engineering influences. Sliding surfaces formed at the residual soil–weathered layer interface, where differences in composition, permeability, and shear strength played a key role. Clay minerals increased self-weight stress post-rainfall, while residual soil cohesion reduced by 36.9% upon saturation, significantly exceeding reductions in the weathered layer. Shallow landslides displayed high mobility, potentially forming landslide–debris flow chains in steep valleys, amplifying hazards. Compared to global extreme rainfall events, Wuping’s rainfall was lower but unprecedented regionally. Analysis of rainfall intensity and threshold models underscores the need for thresholds tailored to local geological conditions and denser rainfall station networks to mitigate landslide risks. This study provides a typical case of shallow landslides in granite areas, offering insights for susceptibility mapping, early warning systems, and disaster chain research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of low-strength, high-brittleness material for rockburst simulation: mechanical and non-mechanical properties","authors":"Jian Huang,&nbsp;Yuanyou Xia,&nbsp;Yuanhang Zhang,&nbsp;Yaofeng Yan,&nbsp;Yaoyuan Liu,&nbsp;Manqing Lin,&nbsp;Chen Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04306-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04306-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to explore a low-strength, high-brittleness material for large-scale rockburst model tests. By adjusting the water-to-gypsum ratio, a ratio of 0.8 was found to provide ideal mechanical and non-mechanical properties, making it suitable for rockburst simulation experiments. The experimental method used was uniaxial compression testing, and common monitoring methods for rockburst tests were employed, including acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, infrared radiation temperature monitoring, and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The test results revealed that the acoustic emission activity, infrared radiation temperature characteristics of the simulation material when nearing fracture, and the strain field patterns captured by DIC technology all correspond with the typical failure behavior of rocks. These findings confirm the comprehensive similarity between the simulation material and natural rocks, providing a cost-effective and easily producible model material for large scale rockburst tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of failure mode and mechanism of stable gentle soil slope triggered by small mass of gas and water","authors":"Xingyu Kang,&nbsp;Zhongqi Quentin Yue","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04275-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04275-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combination of small mass of pressurized gas and water is a strong external triggering factor for landslides, but the corresponding failure mechanism and failure mode of the landslide are less studied. This paper presents a laboratory model experiment to investigate the landslide triggered by the combination of pressurized gas and water in a gentle soil slope. The triggering is achieved by the injection of H₂O₂ solution into the dry cement powder core covered by an impermeable layer in the slope. The injected H₂O₂ can be decomposed into small mass of gas (0.23% of slope soil mass) and water (1.16% of slope soil mass). The test results show the overall failure mode of the gentle slope in the test is upheaval-penetration-rupture-settlement-slide. The soil upheaval and pressurized fluid mixture penetration are unique feature behaviors of the landslide triggered by the pressurized gas and water. The pressurized gas triggered by impenetrable soil layer can increase the active sliding force and decrease the resistance by reducing the normal effective stress. The penetration of the fluid mixture through the interface between sliding soil and sliding base can further reduce the sliding resistance. In addition, mechanical models are established to perform dynamic analysis of the soil upheaval and slide. A calibration test for the decomposition of H₂O₂ in cement powder is further carried out to verify the generated gas can give enough pressure for the mechanical model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on nonlinear failure criterion of HDR under cyclic water-induced thermal shock","authors":"Xinghui Wu,&nbsp;Meifeng Cai,&nbsp;Xu Wu,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Shukun Zhang,&nbsp;Jinglai Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04313-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04313-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermal shock effect, a consequence of temperature fluctuations in geothermal development, significantly influences the mechanical properties of hot dry rock (HDR). This study experimentally investigates the degradation of these properties following rapid temperature drops and introduces a calculation method for assessing the stability of HDR reservoirs. Through triaxial compression tests, it is demonstrated that both stress and temperature substantially affect the mechanical behavior of HDR, with stress shown to inhibit thermal crack propagation and temperature changes accelerating strength degradation. A nonlinear coefficient λ, derived from the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, quantifies the rock's degree of thermal damage. A mathematical relationship between <i>λ</i>, uniaxial compressive strength (<i>σ</i>_c), and the critical confining pressure coefficient (<i>η</i>) is established, providing a novel perspective on the nonlinear failure criterion under thermal shock conditions. The experiments validate the accuracy of the proposed criterion, offering a robust framework for predicting the behavior of HDR under various thermal conditions. This research advances the field of geothermal reservoir engineering by providing a precise tool for assessing rock stability in response to thermal shock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response evaluation of landslide to ambient noise using the HVSR method, the case of golay landslide in North Khorasan Province, Iran","authors":"Mojtaba Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Abdollah Sohrabi-Bidar,&nbsp;Reza Khajevand,&nbsp;Saeed Mohammad Sabouri","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04311-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04311-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Golay landslide on March 29, 2019, in North Khorasan Province, Iran, caused significant damage to residential and agricultural areas due to heavy rainfall. Four electrical resistivity tomography profiles and five boreholes were conducted to understand the landslide geometry, and the results were compared. Microtremor data were recorded at 80 stations using a three-channel Lennartz instrument to assess seismic site response. Structural parameters such as resonance frequency, amplification amplitude, and directivity were analyzed using Geopsy software, which generated Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and rotational spectral ratio curves. Out of 80 stations, 68 met peak clarity criteria, while the rest were excluded from further analysis. Findings indicated a main resonance frequency band of 1 to 3 Hz with an average amplification amplitude of around 4. Resonance frequency increased with decreasing elevation, except in the new slide toe area, where higher frequencies were due to mixed slipped materials. Amplification amplitude was more affected by the landslide body than by elevation. Directivity was observed at 14 stations, primarily at the toe of the old and new landslides. Notably, 6 out of 8 stations in the toe area exhibited directivity aligned with the slope and landslide directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrographic, physical–mechanical and fracture modeling of granites: an integrated approach to evaluating the stone reserves and mineral deposits of Ment Granite (western Meseta, Central Massif of Morocco)","authors":"Abdelkarim Ait Baha,&nbsp;Isma Amri,&nbsp;Muhammad Ouabid,&nbsp;Khalil El Kadiri,&nbsp;Luís M. O. Sousa,&nbsp;Adnane Tobi,&nbsp;Aimad Mazouar,&nbsp;Abdelhak Moumou","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04278-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04278-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Promising information provided here concerns the stone's potentiality for building purposes and the evaluation of mineral deposits associated with granites, through integrated fieldwork, petrographic, and physico-mechanical studies of Meseta Ment granite massif from Morocco. Hence, the detailed field description and mapping of the joint sets and related structural context of diverse mineralized veins are conducted. The joint sets have mainly NE-SW and NW–SE to NNW-SSE geographic trending, with their average aperture of 2 cm, the average length (Jl) generally exceeds 4 m, the average joint spacing (Js) of about 0.65–1.58 m, and about 0.97–7.12 joints/m³ for the volumetric number of joints (Jv). Accounting for these joint sets parameters, a multiple regression model was used to propose a new granite fracture index (GFI). The correlation between petro-mineralogical and physico-mechanical characteristics shows that the studied coarse-grained rocks (e.g., porphyritic granite) have a uniaxial compression strength (UCS) value of about 93.8 MPa, attributed to the following features: megacrystalline texture, network of intragranular microfractures (80%), significant modal concentration of feldspar (36%), low quartz content (27%) and high porosity (1.65%). Conversely, the other studied medium-grained granitic types, monzogranites with high UCS (123 MPa) and leucogranites with UCS (119 MPa), exhibit opposite properties. These results give evidence that some parts of this granite can provide several voluminous blocks, reaching 1 × 2.5 × 3.5 m³ with remarkable quality. The mineral deposit veins (quartz, tourmaline, baryte) were controlled by the circulation of the mineralized fluids, through the interplay of the joints with active faults during the late-Variscan tectonic phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability and degradation mechanisms of dredged clays stabilized with ternary geopolymer under cyclic drying-wetting environments","authors":"Jianhua Wang,&nbsp;Yongfeng Deng,&nbsp;Cong Mou,&nbsp;Jianwen Ding,&nbsp;Junjun Ni,&nbsp;Xing Wan","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04298-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04298-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effects of cyclic drying-wetting environments on the durability of dredged clay (DC) stabilized with ternary geopolymer based on fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and desulfurization gypsum (DG). Furthermore, microscopic tests were performed to investigate the degradation mechanisms of the geopolymer-stabilized DC samples. The results showed that mass loss of all stabilized samples remained below 10%. The water content during drying-wetting cycles remained moderate, with the 12% DG samples exhibiting lower values for both the upper and lower water contents. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilized samples reached 1.6 MPa after 28 days of curing for the 8% DG samples. As the drying-wetting cycles progressed, the UCS initially increased but then decreased to 1.3 MPa after the 10th cycle, accompanied by the development of macro cracks. Microscopic tests revealed that gel-provided cementation and ettringite-induced filling were responsible for the strength improvement of the stabilized samples. The gel products generated by further polymerization and hydration contributed to the strength enhancement at the early stage of drying-wetting cycles. However, the partial destruction of cementation microstructure and decomposition of ettringite deteriorated the strength of stabilized samples with drying-wetting cycles. In conclusion, DC stabilized with the ternary geopolymer exhibited high strength and excellent durability under drying-wetting cycles. This stabilization method promotes the low-carbon utilization of substantial amounts of DC, highlighting its potential as embankment fill material while promoting environmental friendliness and sustainability amid rapid urbanization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of waste rubber on compressive strength, pore distribution and micromorphology properties of cement soil","authors":"Dongdong Ma,&nbsp;Jinmeng Ding,&nbsp;Mutale Chanda","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04269-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04269-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The disposal of the increasing number of waste rubber tire has become one of the primary problems in global environment. The waste rubber can be recycled by adding it to cement soil (CS) mixtures as a solution instead of dumping or combusting it, which presents an effective avenue for lessening significantly this problem. In this research, waste rubberized cement soil (WRCS) mixtures with different rubber particle contents and sizes are utilized. Subsequently, the effects of waste rubber particle size and content on strength, failure mode, pore distribution of WRCS specimens are systematically evaluated by using laboratory tests such as compressive strength, pore structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). As well as micromorphology characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. Results indicate that for WRCS with particle size of 4 mm, the compressive strength tends to decrease as increasing rubber particle content. Conversely, an opposite trend is observed for WRCS with particle sizes of 0.15 mm and 0.106 mm. Compared to CS specimens, specimens with various rubber particle contents exhibit significantly higher air content, average bubble chord length, and bubble spacing factor, while a notable decrease is observed for specific surface area of pores. Notably, rubber particles with various sizes can play a very superior role in preventing crack propagation in the WRCS mixture system. Moreover, the bonding interaction between rubber particles and CS components is weak for 4 mm WRCS specimen, whereas it is relatively stronger for 0.106 mm rubber particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}