Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Cracking behavior and deterioration of strength characteristics of silty clay under drying-wetting cycles","authors":"Mei Dong,&nbsp;Yunpeng Deng,&nbsp;YuHan Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04215-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04215-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The strength of clay subject to drying-wetting cycles is influenced by multiple factors, rendering the prediction of its variation trend challenging. To investigate the variation in strength characteristics of cohesive soil subjected to drying-wetting cycles, silty clay was obtained from the Liangzhu archaeological site to prepare remolded soil sample. Subsequently, saturated consolidated undrained triaxial tests of control group, crack inhibition group, varied dry water content group and different overconsolidation ratio (OCR) group were carried out under different drying-wetting cycles. A thorough analysis of the test results reveals that the number of drying-wetting cycles does not affect the soil's critical state or phase transformation state. The strength of soil exposed to drying-wetting cycles is influenced by a combination of factors, including cracks formed during drying, overconsolidation, and hysteresis phenomenon. Specifically, cracks will destroy the integrity of the soil and thus reduce its strength, while overconsolidation and hysteresis contribute to an enhancement in soil strength. As the number of drying-wetting cycles increases, the prominence of cracks in the soil becomes more pronounced. Additionally, as the dry water content decreases, the deviatoric stress, excess pore water pressure, and effective stress path of soil continue to evolve in the direction of increasing OCR. This research enriches the study of the strength characteristics of clay under drying-wetting cycles, providing a foundation for the preventive protection of earthen sites in humid environments in geotechnical engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional consistency-based modeling of disc cutter wear in hard rock tunneling utilizing integrated multivariate analysis","authors":"Zhao Cui,&nbsp;Lihui Wang,&nbsp;Cuixia Su,&nbsp;Yilan Kang,&nbsp;Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04221-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04221-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disc cutter wear significantly impacts the stable and safe operation of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) in hard rock tunneling,\u0000necessitating integrated analysis of its numerous related variables. This study began by examining multiple mechanisms related to disc cutter wear, comprehensively summarizing the key factors of wear mechanisms and converting them into four categories of practical engineering variables: load, yield property, relative motion distance, and hard mineral particle content. The correlation of individual variables with wear behavior was accurately assessed by controlling the stability of other variables. Especially, to account for the combined effects of operational and geological strength variables on load-type variables, the concept of dynamic cutting pressure was introduced, which showed a stronger correlation with wear behavior than that of individual variables alone. Following the principle of dimensional consistency, an integrated wear prediction\u0000model was developed. Validation with data from another tunneling project confirmed the model's accuracy and applicability. This study provides an accurate wear prediction method utilizing readily accessible practical engineering variables during construction, thereby offering a crucial reference for determining the optimal timing for disc cutter replacement and enhancing TBM operational reliability. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully remote assessment of rockfall incidents based on crowdsourced imagery","authors":"Pavlos Asteriou,&nbsp;Dimitrios Zekkos,&nbsp;John Manousakis","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04218-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04218-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a fully remote approach for the assessment of rockfall incidents that is based on leveraging data that become available online with the goal to develop three dimensional (3D) models, document in detail the rockfall trajectory immediately following the incident and conduct rockfall analyses fully remotely. Such an approach can reduce the effort necessary to collect data and learn from incidents. The approach is well suited following natural disasters, where a wealth of field performance data may become available online through social media platforms and local news media. The steps to implement this approach involve: datamining the internet for crowdsourced data and particularly Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) footage of the incident, reconstructing the site morphology in the three-dimensional space by applying the Structure-from-Motion method, extracting insights from the crowdsourced data and conducting three-dimensional rockfall trajectory back-analysis. We demonstrate the approach through two incidents that occurred in Greece, where different amounts of crowdsourced data became available. We evaluate the proposed approach, discuss its limitations and benefits, and provide insights based on these two incidents. This paper shows that in both cases, the proposed approach enabled the rapid extraction of critical, perishable insights such as block detachment positions, block size, and fragment distribution. Also, the proposed approach allowed for the collection of all the input necessary to conduct detailed three-dimensional trajectory analyses. This supports the creation of high-precision inventories of both past and future incidents. Implementing this approach can enhance risk assessment accuracy, and inform mitigation strategies. The proposed approach allows the evaluation of geohazards globally fully remotely and possibly without the need for on-site visits. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04218-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing river-blocking risks of ancient landslide in mountainous regions: insights from a slow-moving, high-position reactivated ancient landslide in the Southeast Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xinfu Xing,&nbsp;Changbao Guo,&nbsp;Tanfang Zhu,&nbsp;Peng Xin,&nbsp;Hao Yuan,&nbsp;Yiqiu Yan,&nbsp;Congyan Ran","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04222-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-position landslide disasters are frequent in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is susceptible to the river blockage induced by the reactivated ancient landslides. However, accurately assessing these characteristics in high-position ancient landslides presents significant challenges due to the limited comprehensive investigations in the mountainous terrains in plateau. The risk assessment process for high-position landslides in plateau mountainous area is proposed in this study. The movement dynamics of the Peilong ancient landslide, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is analyzed as an example of high-position ancient landslides. The assessment is conducted by the integration of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys and extensive field investigations. It explores the rapid runout behavior of landslides under conditions of severe earthquakes and heavy rainfall. The results from the temporal monitoring by InSAR technique indicates that rainfall is the primary trigger of displacement development of Peilong ancient landslide, rather than snowmelt infiltration due to rising temperatures. And landslide displacements occur with a lag behind rainfall. The likelihood of river obstruction is closely related to the trajectory of the landslide debris, with an elevated risk of blockage occurring near river channels. Additionally, terraces with gentle inclines are identified as critical areas susceptible to blockage in V-shaped river channels, while the central and adjacent regions of U-shaped channels are primary zones at risk. These findings enhance our understanding of the movement patterns of slow-moving, high-position ancient landslides, highlighting critical zones for targeted river blockage mitigation in mountainous landscapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rainfall model test for investigating the initiation mechanism of the catastrophic loess landslide in Baqiao, Xi’an, China","authors":"Zhenjiang Meng,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Jianbing Peng,&nbsp;Chong Xu,&nbsp;Chenyun Kang,&nbsp;Penghui Ma,&nbsp;Zhongjie Fan,&nbsp;Yanqiu Leng,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Yidi Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04220-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the significant decrease in strength of loess after encountering water, loess landslides induced by rainfall are very catastrophic and widely distributed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. On September 17, 2011, a catastrophic loess landslide induced by rainfall occurred in Baqiao district, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, resulting in 32 casualties and bringing great fear to the local residents. This landslide event was characterized by three individual landslides. Field investigations, geological exploration and model experiments were conducted to reveal its initiation and movement mechanisms. The results show that 1) Multiple groups of fissures in the ring-cut adits were found at a location 3 m inward from the slope surface. The minimum opening width of these fissures is 0.5 cm, and the maximum is 4 cm. The fissures develop nearly vertically and have good extensibility and connectivity. 2) the whole process of rainfall-induced landslides can be divided into 3 stages: rainfall infiltration and weight increase; crack expansion and slope deformation; slope collapse and creep deformation. 3) The volumetric water content, pore water pressure and vertical stress variation of the soil in our model all increase first and then decrease. Specifically, these three parameters increase slowly during the pretest and stabilization periods and increase fast shortly before the landslide occurrence. The volumetric water content of the soil on the side containing joints increases faster, verifying that the joints act as preferential channels that accelerate rainwater infiltration. The results of the study provide an important scientific foundation for future research on rainfall-induced loess landslides and their deep-seated mechanisms, and fill the gaps in research related to large-scale physical modeling experiments. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-design of a railway tunnel intersected by surface rupture of the Erkenek fault segment during the 6 February 2023 Pazarcik (Mw 7.7) Earthquake (Türkiye)","authors":"Servet Karahan,&nbsp;Evren Posluk,&nbsp;F. Burak Büyükdemirci,&nbsp;Candan Gokceoglu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04217-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04217-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The T3 Tunnel on the Malatya-Narlı Conventional Railway Route was intersected by the surface rupture during the February 6, 2023 Pazarcık Earthquake (Mw 7.7), and a part of the tunnel was damaged completely. In this study, the investigation results, and re-design of the tunnel, are presented. The T3 Tunnel, which was built in 1933 with interlocking stone masonry lining, was cut by the Erkenek fault, one of the segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), and a landslide was triggered around the tunnel portal. Under the influence of these two factors, collapse, and various deformations occurred in the tunnel. To understand the character of the failure, detailed geological, geophysical, and geotechnical studies were carried out in addition to in-situ observations. Subsequently, the tunnel was re-designed and repaired to open the railway to service. For this purpose, a re-design project was developed that included 2-stage engineering solutions including on-tunnel and in-tunnel construction efforts. In the first stage, the portal landslide was rehabilitated using support systems, and in the second stage, tunnel consolidation injection, redesign of the portal structure, and reconstruction of the tunnel support system were carried out. The obtained data and scientific evaluations are presented together with analyses. It is of vital importance that transportation structures continue to function during and after earthquakes. Therefore, the case presented in the study is one of the rare and interesting cases in terms of tunneling literature. The construction efforts in the T3 Tunnel were completed without any problems 6 months after the earthquakes, while more than 30,000 aftershocks continued.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04217-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical-driven machine learning (EDML) approach to predict PPV caused by quarry blasting","authors":"Panagiotis G. Asteris,&nbsp;Danial Jahed Armaghani","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04216-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04216-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blasting in mining and quarrying serves multiple purposes but poses environmental challenges, notably generating shockwaves and vibrations through peak particle velocity (PPV) from explosions. Previous efforts to predict PPV values have relied on empirical equations using parameters such as maximum charge per delay (MC) and distance from the blast face (D). Numerous attempts have employed machine learning (ML) to estimate PPV with the same input parameters. This study introduces a novel approach called empirical-driven ML (EDML), which integrates empirical equations and their outcomes as inputs for PPV prediction. EDML leverages existing knowledge to enhance model performance, interpretability, and generalization. For the EDML approach, four empirical equations, namely USBM, CMRI, General Predictor, and Ambraseys-Hendron have been chosen based on prior research. These four empirical equations were selected based on their good performance as reported in the literature. Using these equations’ PPV values as inputs, three advanced tree-based techniques (random forest, deep forest, and extreme gradient boosting) have been employed for model training. Comparison with the conventional ML approach (using only maximum charge per delay and distance from the blast face) reveals EDML’s superior predictive capacity for PPV estimation. Note that the inputs of these databases were directly and indirectly extracted from MC and D with the same PPV values. The proposed EDML approach effectively integrates data-driven insights with domain expertise, improving accuracy and interpretability through the inclusion of PPV and blasting observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04216-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, distribution, and mechanisms of large landslides in the upper reaches of Jinsha River","authors":"Weihua Zhao,&nbsp;Fengjiao Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Xu,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhao,&nbsp;Fuling Zhang,&nbsp;Weile Li,&nbsp;Xiujun Dong,&nbsp;Jian Yang,&nbsp;Decun Guo,&nbsp;Wantong He","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04211-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04211-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The upper reaches of Jinsha River are rich in water resources, so it is planned to develop cascade hydropower stations here. Affected by the subduction between plates and the continuous uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adverse geological phenomena are developed here, especially landslides. Previous studies have mainly focused on single landslides, small-scale areas, lacking of systematic investigations of landslides in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River. Therefore, we used optical remote sensing, InSAR technology, airborne lidar, UAV photography and field geological survey to sort out the large-scale landslide data, and focused on the typical landslides in the basin. There are 252 active landslides and 171 large landslides in the study area, which are characterized by cluster distribution under the influence of Jinsha River suture zone. Landslide has the characteristics of large scale and cluster distribution. The mechanism of typical landslide cases is analyzed in detail. Taking Woda landslide, Baige landslide and Mengu landslide as examples, the main types of landslides in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River are revealed, including the ancient landslide resurrection affected by rainfall and water level change, the deformation of residual rock landslide after sliding, and the local damage of the toppling deformation slope. Considering that ancient landslide is the most typical hidden danger of landslide in the region, the paper further discusses the relationship between the dating time of ancient landslide and the evolution of historical structure and climate, and supposes that the upper reaches of Jinsha River should have experienced strong tectonic activities in the history. The possible influence of hydropower development on landslide disaster in the upper reaches of Jinsha River basin and the regulation effect of cascade power station construction on disaster are further discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence mechanisms and control effects of overburden on rock slope stability: case study in Yanqianshan iron mine, China","authors":"Lingfei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongxin Wang,&nbsp;Jian Cao,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zeng,&nbsp;Fengliang Tian,&nbsp;Fengyang Xin,&nbsp;Junting Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04179-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04179-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the continuous development of mineral resources, many open-pit mines are transitioning to underground mining projects as they reach greater depths. Long-term open-pit mining has resulted in the formation of high, steep slopes, the stability of which is significantly affected by the material overlaying the ore (the “overburden”). Landslide damage characteristics and deformation ranges of the Yanqianshan iron mine are analyzed in this study using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and Small Baseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, this analysis reveals the control mechanism of the overburden on slope instability; a theoretical approach for calculating overburden thickness is also established using Janssen’s pressure theory. The effects of various treatment schemes are evaluated through a discrete–continuous coupling method and verified by field measurements. The results indicate that the overburden significantly influences slope stability. When the overburden influence coefficient <i>u</i> ≥ 1, it exerts a positive stabilizing effect. The optimal overburden thickness for the Yanqianshan iron mine is determined to be 65.38 m.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of extreme gradient boosting for predicting standard penetration test N-values from cone penetration test data","authors":"Xiao Han,&nbsp;Jiangtao Yi,&nbsp;Xiaobin Li,&nbsp;Siyu Li,&nbsp;Hongyu Tang,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Jingnian Ran","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04219-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04219-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are widely used for subsurface stratigraphic characterization and the determination of geotechnical properties. While the CPT is increasingly adopted in site investigations, the SPT <i>N</i>-value continues to be a key parameter for developing empirical design formulas. As a result, establishing an accurate correlation between CPT data and SPT <i>N</i>-values remains a critical challenge in geotechnical engineering. In this study, a new side-by-side SPT-CPT database is constructed to evaluate existing conventional models, revealing their shortcomings and highlighting the need for a more reliable model. An innovative approach using an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to predict SPT <i>N</i>-values from CPT data. This model overcomes the limitations of conventional transformation models by leveraging machine learning algorithm that can capture complex relationships within the data. The new XGBoost model incorporates a broader range of input variables compared to conventional models, including cone resistance, sleeve friction, soil behavior type index, fines content, depth of CPT data, and effective overburden stress. Through comparative analyses with other prevalent machine learning models, including random forests, back-propagation artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, we demonstrate that the XGBoost model significantly outperforms both conventional and machine learning-based models in terms of accuracy and robustness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}