Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Study on creep constitutive model of loess considering hardening and damage effects","authors":"Nan Yang,&nbsp;Yahong Deng,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Huandong Mu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04457-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04457-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Creep deformation of loess will directly affect the long-term safety and stability of loess engineering. The creep deformation characteristics of loess under different confining pressures and loading levels were investigated by performing graded loading and unloading triaxial creep tests in order to study the creep characteristics of loess in depth. Test results show that under similar loading conditions, higher confining pressure reduces creep. Only decelerated creep occurs in loess at low and medium stress. Decelerated, steady, and accelerated creep occur in loess at high stress. The creep mechanism of loess was analysed according to the mechanical response characteristics of loess to creep loading and the microstructural evolution characteristics of typical loess creep. The creep mechanism of loess is that the creep of loess is a result of the combined effect of compression hardening and structural damage. Finally, based on Norton's creep power law and continuous damage mechanics, a new loess creep constitutive model considering hardening and damage effects is proposed. The validity and reasonability of the proposed model is verified by fitting the theoretical model to the creep test data. The research results contribute to a better understanding of the creep properties of loess. They are of great practical value for solving loess rheological problems in practical engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation behaviors and failure mechanisms of fully grouted bolts in jointed rock masses under coupled tension and shear","authors":"Jiahao Yuan,&nbsp;Caihua Liu,&nbsp;Zude Lu,&nbsp;Chaoyi Sun,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04440-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04440-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fully grouted bolts are commonly used in mining and civil engineering for rock reinforcement, yet their bolting mechanisms, particularly in jointed rock mass, are not well-understood. Existing analytical methods often fail to accurately identify limit states under complex loads. In this study, dimensionless elastic and failure limit equations under tension and shear were derived, incorporating elastic–plastic bending theory with and without considering strain hardening effect. Strength envelopes for circular rebar were then illustrated. Taking the deflecting section of a fully-grouted bolt as a hyperstatic structure with ends rotation in the elastic stage and as a curved bar during the plastic stage, an improved tension-shear coupling beam (TSCB) model of the bolts was proposed. A computational program was developed to determine limit states through these strength envelopes. Results show that in the strain hardening stage, the bolt behaves like a slender rod rather than a truss. Mechanical analysis reveals that the bolt undergoes tension-shear failure at the bolt-joint intersection, with ongoing plastic deformation at the zero-shear force point, aligning with experimental observations. Comparison with experimental data confirms that the proposed method accurately predicts bolt contributions at both elastic and failure limits. This research significantly enhances bolting system design and stability assessment. Highlights. •Proposing an improved TSCB model of fully grouted bolts in jointed rock masses, which accurately describes bolts deformation behavior from elastic to strain hardening stages and identifies limit states under complex loads. •Deriving and illustrating dimensionless strength envelopes of circular rebar under complex loading conditions, which describe interaction relationships between coupled loads at limit states. •Determining the failure mode of fully grouted bolts under coupled tension and shear loads, i.e., tension-shear failure at the bolt-joint intersection, rather than tension-bending failure at other points along the deflecting section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dry–wet cycles on the dynamic characteristics of cement-stabilized loess","authors":"Teng Li,&nbsp;Zhihao Yang,&nbsp;Deliang Ma,&nbsp;Jiayi Tian,&nbsp;Huaiping Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04448-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04448-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cement-stabilized loess is widely employed for subgrade construction in the loess region of China, and its long-term stability performance is threatened by dry‒wet (D‒W) cycles that result from climate change. Examining the dynamic characteristics of cement-stabilized soil subjected to D‒W cycles is imperative. This study investigated the dynamic characteristics (including accumulated plastic deformation and dynamic resilient modulus) of cement-stabilized loess under various cement contents and numbers of dry‒wet cycles (D‒W = 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7) via dynamic triaxial tests. The micromechanisms were revealed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Cement addition (3–9%) significantly improved the deformation resistance and dynamic resilient modulus (increased by 99.7–148.6%) via hydration-driven microstructural densification and interparticle bond reinforcement. The deformation mechanism shifts from moisture-driven destructive linear growth in natural loess to cementation-controlled asymptotic stabilization under cyclic loading. (2) D‒W cycles induce different deterioration effects. The natural loess exhibited a 99% increase in accumulated plastic deformation after 7 cycles, whereas the cement-stabilized loess exhibited reduced growth rates (65%, 50%, and 30% for C = 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively). A high cement content (C = 9%) achieved asymptotic stabilization by prioritizing cementation over moisture sensitivity via pore refinement and interfacial bond reinforcement. (3) A proposed empirical formula for the dynamic resilient modulus effectively predicts D‒W cycle-induced degradation trends. Validation against test data and other literature confirmed its universality and accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-quantitative risk assessment: From rainfall-induced landslides to the risk of persons in buildings","authors":"Ho-Hong-Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Chang-Ho Song,&nbsp;Yun-Tae Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04420-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04420-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslides pose a significant threat to persons in structures, open spaces, and vehicles. However, the assessment of risk for persons in buildings (PsIBs) remains primarily challenged. This study introduced a novel framework to evaluate PsIBs risk under various rainfall scenarios. First, potential landslide sources were identified by multiplying temporal and spatial probabilities. Temporal probability was determined using a physics-based model and Monte Carlo simulation, while spatial probability was estimated using a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on landslide samples selected through conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (CLHS). Second, the risk to buildings and PsIBs were estimated from a semi-quantitative approach. Lastly, an integrated risk index was formulated by combining the risk indices for buildings and persons therein. The framework was validated using data from the 2014 landslide event at Mt. Abusan in Hiroshima, Japan. The results show that the generated sample of the landslide inventory closely matched the real 2014 inventory in terms of slope distribution, soil depth, geology, and profile curvature. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for temporal, spatial and hazard probability maps is reliable in assessing landslide risk with 68.8%, 82.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. The landslide risk from the 2014 event aligned with the predicted risk for a 100-year return period. These findings suggest that the proposed framework is a reliable tool for assessing and mitigating landslide risk, applicable in regions with or without existing landslide inventories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy evolution characteristic and fracturing mechanism of roadway soft rock under multilevel static-dynamic coupling disturbance loading","authors":"Ruyi Cheng,&nbsp;Hu He,&nbsp;Liyu Yu,&nbsp;Lihua Hu,&nbsp;Minghe Ju,&nbsp;Dongyang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04423-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04423-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Roadway excavation and coal seam mining-induced strata pressure disturbances will impose a complex stress characteristic of “dip direction single face unloading - strike direction strain invariant - and tangential multilevel static-dynamic coupling loading” to the roadway surrounding rock, substantially modifying the instability mode and fracture mechanism of soft rock. In this study, true triaxial single-face unloading multilevel disturbance loading tests, equipped with acoustic emission monitoring, are conducted to simulate and replicate this stress path and explore the energy evolution and fracturing mechanism of soft rock under coal seam mining-induced stress. Under multilevel constant amplitude disturbance loading (MCADL), energy density remains stable, with the dominant fracture mechanism transitioning from micro-shear cracking to significant tensile cracking. Both the peak cracking energy and elastic energy density decrease, while dynamic fracture duration extends, resulting in a gentler failure process. In contrast, multilevel variable amplitude disturbance loading (MVADL) induces a stepwise increase in elastic energy density, amplifying the effects of tensile stress. The peak values for cracking energy and elastic energy density are elevated, leading to transient and violent instability characteristics akin to rockbursts. Under MVADL, soft rock exhibits enhanced ultimate energy storage capacity and higher energy release rates, resulting in abrupt and violent failure processes. On the other hand, MCADL conditions yield lower energy release rates, fragmentation levels, and destabilization intensity, resembling rock spalling failures. These findings elucidate the instability modes and disaster mechanisms of soft rocks influenced by mining-induced stress, contributing valuable insights to the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture sensing technology as preventive measures against Rainfall-induced slope Failures – A review","authors":"Alfrendo Satyanaga,&nbsp;Alena Fournier-Carrrie,&nbsp;Harianto Rahardjo,&nbsp;Saranya Rangarajan,&nbsp;Gerarldo Davin Aventian,&nbsp;Sung-Woo Moon,&nbsp;Jong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04463-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04463-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming contributes to the changes in climatic conditions such as the frequency and duration of rainfall around the world. Previous research has shown that slope failures are more likely to occur after a long period of drought followed by heavy rainfall or after long periods of low rainfall followed by heavy rainfall. This demands effective slope prevention measures to maintain the stability of high-risk slopes prior to collapse. This study focused on analysing various moisture measurement techniques and real-time assessment of rainfall-induced slope failures, with a case study serving as a validation. The methods to obtain water content were examined, including thermal, satellite-based sensing, radiological approach, resistivity, and dielectric. The result stated that capacitance sensor has the most potential due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency for tropical region. The proposed case study investigates the utilization of the best outcome of a sensor system established to mitigate rainfall-induced landslides in Bukit Teresa, Singapore. Ultimately, a suitable sensing system should be utilized in alongside numerical modelling to mitigate slope failures to ensure the Early Warning Slope Stability Monitoring (EWSSM) system can function effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seepage-Induced internal instability processes in glacial deposit under Multi-staged hydraulic loading paths: insights from an undisturbed upward seepage experiment","authors":"Shixin Zhang,&nbsp;Yufeng Wei,&nbsp;Zhanglei Wu,&nbsp;Chunyu Chen,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04428-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04428-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glacial deposits are Quaternary sediments with broad particle-size gradation, resulting from glacial erosion, transport, and deposition. Their permeability characteristics differ notably from those of other Quaternary sediment layers. Accordingly, this study collected glacial deposit samples from the upper reaches of the Yi’Ong Zangbo River in Tibet and analyzed the permeability characteristics and seepage-induced internal instability of glacial deposits under various hydraulic loading paths, using 5 sets of undisturbed upward seepage experiments. Hydraulic conductivity strongly correlates with loading path, while eroded fines accumulation is governed by <i>d</i>_15<i>c</i>/<i>d</i>_85<i>f</i>. The seepage-induced internal instability process can be divided into 3 distinct stages: initial seepage, suffusion, and internally instability. The hydraulic gradient equation at the onset of suffusion was derived from erosion rate and <i>d</i>_15<i>c</i>/<i>d</i>_85<i>f</i> indicators. Additionally, the erosion resistance index, calculated from the dry mass of eroded fine particles and dissipated energy, indicates that glacial deposits are generally highly erodible, with erosion resistance improving as <i>d</i>_15<i>c</i>/<i>d</i>_85<i>f</i> decreases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation model of tunnel surrounding rock load considering moisture content and compactness in sandy pebble soil ground","authors":"Chunwei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhou,&nbsp;Kejia Yang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04450-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04450-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sandy pebble soil presents issues such as loose surrounding rock and collapse during tunnel excavation due to its sensitivity to moisture content and compactness. This study combines indoor large-scale triaxial tests and numerical triaxial tests using particle discrete elements to calibrate the microstructure parameters of sandy pebble soil under different conditions. The relationship between shear strength parameters and moisture content and compactness is established. The barn effect principle is introduced to develop a method for calculating tunnel surrounding rock load, fully considering the influence of compactness and moisture content. Key findings include: (1) increased stress peak with higher compactness and lower moisture content, and increased internal friction angle with decreasing moisture content or increasing compactness; (2) identification of critical microstructure parameters affecting strength properties, such as particle contact modulus, friction coefficient, and porosity; (3) validation of the Janssen model for sandy pebble soil layer load calculation; (4) derivation of a formula for calculating the vertical load of sandy pebble soil tunnel surrounding rock, revealing the influence of compactness and moisture content on lateral pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An early warning method for water and mud inrush in deep-buried tunnels using integrated geophysical field techniques","authors":"Zhi-Qiang Li,&nbsp;Yonghao Pu,&nbsp;Lichao Nie,&nbsp;Shilei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang,&nbsp;Lei Han","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04449-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04449-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early warning of water and mud inrush disasters in deep buried tunnels is of great significance for disaster prevention and control. This study proposes an early warning method for water and mud inrush in deep-buried tunnels using integrated geophysical field techniques. Based on multi-physical field advanced geological prediction, we innovatively established an indicator system integrating surrounding rock stress anomalies, P-wave velocities, S-wave velocities, apparent resistivity, Drilling jamming frequency, and drilling water outflow. Secondly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to obtain the weights of each indicator. By integrating multiple physical field data using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, early warning of water and mud inrush has been achieved. Finally, taking Changyu Village Tunnel as an example, the effectiveness of the method was verified. The results showed that the accuracy of risk identification in six tunnel sections reached 100%, which is highly consistent with the occurrence of on-site disasters. The weight sensitivity analysis found that apparent resistivity and S-wave velocity are the core factors in early warning of water and mud inrush disasters. The research results of this article provide new ideas for the risk assessment of water and mud inrush in deep buried tunnels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Excavation-freezing-thawing” failure and crack characteristics of open-pit slope in cold regions: a case study in Baorixile mine, Hulunbeir, China","authors":"Guanghe Li,&nbsp;Zihuan Hu,&nbsp;Yanting Wang,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Laigui Wang,&nbsp;Zhigang Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Yang,&nbsp;Yongzhi Du,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhou,&nbsp;Chunjian Ding,&nbsp;Kun Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04464-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04464-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Open-pit mine slopes can give rise to grave accidents that may lead to loss of life and property. In cold regions, freeze-thaw cycles can result in fractures and cracks in these slopes. It is critical to understand the failure mechanism of open-pit mine slopes in cold regions to ensure the sustainability and safety of mining operations. This study investigates a slope failure in an open-pit mine located in Baorixile, China, with emphasis on cold regions. The field investigation was carried out by employing visual monitoring techniques, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) to observe crack development and displacement changes during slope deformations. The collected data was analyzed using fractal analysis, which summarizes and demonstrates the slope’s crack characteristics. Moreover, numerical tests were conducted to gain deeper insights into the underlying causes of the slope failure. The results indicate that the fractal dimension of cracks increases rapidly in the initial stages but subsequently slows down, indicating a transition point between these stages. The root causes of the slope failure in Baorixile mine were evaluated, considering human, physical, and geological factors. An “excavation-freezing-thawing” along a weak plane is proposed for the open-pit mine slopes in cold regions. The study’s findings provide valuable insights into the factors and mechanisms influencing the instability of open-pit slopes in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}