Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献_第3页

Application of extreme gradient boosting for predicting standard penetration test N-values from cone penetration test data

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04219-w

Xiao Han, Jiangtao Yi, Xiaobin Li, Siyu Li, Hongyu Tang, Zhen Wang, Jingnian Ran

{"title":"Application of extreme gradient boosting for predicting standard penetration test N-values from cone penetration test data","authors":"Xiao Han, Jiangtao Yi, Xiaobin Li, Siyu Li, Hongyu Tang, Zhen Wang, Jingnian Ran","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04219-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04219-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are widely used for subsurface stratigraphic characterization and the determination of geotechnical properties. While the CPT is increasingly adopted in site investigations, the SPT <i>N</i>-value continues to be a key parameter for developing empirical design formulas. As a result, establishing an accurate correlation between CPT data and SPT <i>N</i>-values remains a critical challenge in geotechnical engineering. In this study, a new side-by-side SPT-CPT database is constructed to evaluate existing conventional models, revealing their shortcomings and highlighting the need for a more reliable model. An innovative approach using an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to predict SPT <i>N</i>-values from CPT data. This model overcomes the limitations of conventional transformation models by leveraging machine learning algorithm that can capture complex relationships within the data. The new XGBoost model incorporates a broader range of input variables compared to conventional models, including cone resistance, sleeve friction, soil behavior type index, fines content, depth of CPT data, and effective overburden stress. Through comparative analyses with other prevalent machine learning models, including random forests, back-propagation artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, we demonstrate that the XGBoost model significantly outperforms both conventional and machine learning-based models in terms of accuracy and robustness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of leakage seismic attribute characteristics considering the discrete random properties of earth-rock dam media

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04199-x

Hao Xu, Jiangping Liu, Xuan Xiong, Yuquan Zong, Yuxi Ma

{"title":"Analysis of leakage seismic attribute characteristics considering the discrete random properties of earth-rock dam media","authors":"Hao Xu, Jiangping Liu, Xuan Xiong, Yuquan Zong, Yuxi Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04199-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04199-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leakage is a prevalent latent hazard in earth-rock dams. Accurate detection of the location and severity of leakage areas can provide the basis for treating leakage and reducing the damage to the dam. The key to detecting leakage using seismic wave methods is mastering the response characteristics of leakage reflection wavefields and accurately identifying them from the acquired seismic data. In this study, the dam models with different water content leakage areas are established using discrete random modeling method, based on the soil-rock mixture characteristics of the actual dam media. The effects of water content changes on the leakage reflected wavefields are elaborated, and the seismic attributes that can effectively identify leakage wavefields are summarized. Scattering caused by the heterogeneity of the earth-rock dam reduces the energy of leakage reflected waves and complicates the identification of the leakage wavefields. The characteristics of leakage converted waves, primarily low-frequency signals, are more advantageous for identifying leakage wavefields. With the decrease of water content in the leakage area, the energy of converted waves gradually weakens, and the continuity of the phase axis deteriorates. Wavelet transform can enhance the continuity of the leakage reflected phase axis and effectively suppress random noise interference. The combined use of instantaneous frequency and wavelet transform frequency slice allows for more accurate identification of leakage-reflected wavefields.</p>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning for time series prediction of valley deformation induced by impoundment for high arch dams

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04214-1

Hang-Hang Zang, Dian-Qing Li, Xiao-Song Tang, Guan Rong

{"title":"Machine learning for time series prediction of valley deformation induced by impoundment for high arch dams","authors":"Hang-Hang Zang, Dian-Qing Li, Xiao-Song Tang, Guan Rong","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04214-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops a data-driven hybrid model using machine learning methods to predict the valley deformation induced by impoundment for high arch dams. The elastic net and random forest are employed to identify and rank the key influencing factors of valley deformation as the best input features in the model. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) is introduced to decompose the original nonstationary valley deformation time series. The least square support vector machine (LSSVM) model is constructed to generate the predictions of valley deformation. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is utilized to find the optimal model parameters of LSSVM. A practical example involving the time series prediction of valley deformation for the Baihetan high arch dam in China is presented to validate the developed model. The developed model can generate long-term predictions of valley deformation efficiently and accurately based on the present monitoring valley deformation time series. Both the daily reservoir water level and 8-week accumulated rainfall show a significant influence on the valley deformation for the Baihetan high arch dam. The utilization of the VMD and SSA improves the accuracy of the developed model substantially. Thus, the developed VMD-SSA-LSSVM model produces better predictions of the fluctuation trend and turning points of the monitoring time series of valley deformation than the LSSVM model without the VMD and SSA. In addition, the role of VMD is more significant than that of SSA in improving the accuracy of the LSSVM model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New insights into the progressive failure process and mechanisms of the 2017 Xinmo Slope in Mao County, China

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04205-2

Ling Zhu, Xiangjun Pei, Shenghua Cui, Luguang Luo, Hui Wang

{"title":"New insights into the progressive failure process and mechanisms of the 2017 Xinmo Slope in Mao County, China","authors":"Ling Zhu, Xiangjun Pei, Shenghua Cui, Luguang Luo, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04205-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04205-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Xinmo landslide, one of the most catastrophic landslides in Sichuan Province following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, resulted in 10 deaths and 73 missing persons. This event garnered significant attention both in China and worldwide. In this study, we focused on the contributions of historical earthquakes, rainfall, and gravity to the progressive failure of the slope. Through a series of field investigations, rock creep tests, and numerical simulations, we found that the damage in the phyllite layer is significantly greater than that in the surrounding metamorphic sandstone layers, attributed to the incompatible deformation caused by earthquakes. Rainwater infiltrates along the densely developed seismic fractures, leading to the softening of phyllite and a reduction in long-term strength, which is related to the clay mineral expansion, non-uniform deformation, and the dissolution of intergranular cement. We proposed that the Xinmo landslide underwent several processes prior to its initiation, including the triggering, propagation, and coalescence of seismic fractures, the softening of phyllite due to rainwater, and time-dependent deformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the causes of excessive leakage in the fractured rock masses of the Ludila hydropower station dam foundation

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04212-3

Lifeng Wen, Yanlong Li

{"title":"Analysis of the causes of excessive leakage in the fractured rock masses of the Ludila hydropower station dam foundation","authors":"Lifeng Wen, Yanlong Li","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04212-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seepage complications in fractured rock masses represent a significant concern in hydraulic engineering. This paper aims to investigate non-steady seepage behavior and determine the causes of excessive seepage rates in fractured rock masses containing complex seepage control systems in the Ludila hydropower station dam foundation. To achieve this goal, a novel analysis framework for seepage field in fractured rock masses with sophisticated seepage control systems was proposed. The seepage analysis framework was established by incorporating methods for determining permeability tensor, employing parabolic variational inequality approach which transforms the seepage problem within wet region into a boundary value problem for a fixed area, and utilizing drainage substructure technique. The numerical results closely agreed with empirical observations, which demonstrated effectiveness and suitability for seepage analysis in fractured rock masses with complex seepage control systems of the proposed framework. On this basis, transient seepage behavior and the factors contributing to the excessive seepage rates in the Ludila hydropower station dam foundation were investigated by combination of parametric numerical analysis and measured results. The results indicate that the grouting curtain is the main measure to control the seepage rate. A defective upstream curtain below a 60 m depth emerges as the primary cause for excessive seepage rates on the left bank of the Ludila hydropower station dam foundation. It is crucial to ensure construction quality and integrity of the grouting curtain, especially the bottom grouting curtain, in actual engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic behavior of marine soft soil under cyclic wave loading

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04206-1

Chun Li, Ping Yang, Zhaoxue Wu, Wei Chen, Yi Cai

{"title":"The dynamic behavior of marine soft soil under cyclic wave loading","authors":"Chun Li, Ping Yang, Zhaoxue Wu, Wei Chen, Yi Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04206-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04206-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many engineering activities are conducted on marine soft soil foundations, with various types of soft soil influencing these projects differently. Studying the engineering characteristics and deformation mechanism of marine soft soil is crucial for the design and construction of marine structures. To reveal the dynamic mechanical characteristics of marine soft soil under wave loading, a set of soil samples under different confining pressure conditions were tested via a dynamic triaxial apparatus. Furthermore, a constitutive model was developed to predict the dynamic strength of marine soft soil subjected to wave loading. The experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic stress‒strain behaviour of marine soft soil progresses through three stages: compaction, deformation, and failure. The dynamic strain‒time history curve of the soil exhibited a cyclic trend characterized by a superposition of monotonic changes, which was attributed to the simultaneous occurrence of plastic deformation and cyclic deformation. The strain rebound gradually disappears with increasing number of loading cycles; the strain accumulation mainly occurs as compressive strain during the postvibration period. Within each stage, the dynamic shear modulus decreases with increasing shear strain, showing consistent curve characteristics across different dynamic stress amplitudes. During long-term cyclic loading, the damping ratio initially decreases and then stabilizes, with a negligible influence from the confining pressure. The Martin‒Davidenkov constitutive model effectively characterizes the correlation between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain, with fitting curves closely matching the measured data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative calculation of the damage of carbonaceous mudstone during uniaxial compressive failure process under dry–wet cycling

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04169-3

Shengnan Li, Junhui Zhang, Jin Chang, Hao Yang, Shao Yue, Junhui Peng, Kang Chen, Yu Li, Zhenhua Ren, Wei Chen

{"title":"Quantitative calculation of the damage of carbonaceous mudstone during uniaxial compressive failure process under dry–wet cycling","authors":"Shengnan Li, Junhui Zhang, Jin Chang, Hao Yang, Shao Yue, Junhui Peng, Kang Chen, Yu Li, Zhenhua Ren, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04169-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04169-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the damage evolution law of carbonaceous mudstone during compressive failure process under dry–wet cycling. In this study, microscopic testing and uniaxial compression synchronous acoustic emission testing systems are employed to examine the microstructure, mechanical properties, and failure acoustic signal of carbonaceous mudstone. The results demonstrated that dry–wet cycling aggravated the mesostructure damage of carbonaceous mudstone. As the dry–wet cycling increased, the pores of carbonaceous mudstone increased, and the disorganization of the mesostructure became more serious, leading to reductions in peak stress, elastic modulus, and cumulative acoustic emission signals. The analysis of PFC (Partical Flow Code) revealed that the number of crack propagation in carbonaceous mudstone increased, and the crack morphology became more complex under dry–wet cycling. A comprehensive framework was developed to incorporate crack propagation into the damage process, where in the growth of cracks exhibits an \"S-shaped\" pattern with axial strain. As the number of dry–wet cycling increased, the threshold strain for the accelerated damage increased, and the crack growth rate decreased, along with a decrease in the initiation damage stress. This damage pattern was further evidenced by the identification of the crack propagation morphology and rock failure localization during dry–wet cycling. The proposed method showed good consistency with the experimental test results and numerical simulations, enabling quantitative calculation of compression-induced damage in carbonaceous mudstone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A strength-based clogging risk assessment strategy for mechanized tunneling

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04198-y

Hanbiao Zhu, Shuying Wang, Pengfei Liu, Huanhuan Feng, Tongming Qu, Hemei Sun, Di Yan

{"title":"A strength-based clogging risk assessment strategy for mechanized tunneling","authors":"Hanbiao Zhu, Shuying Wang, Pengfei Liu, Huanhuan Feng, Tongming Qu, Hemei Sun, Di Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04198-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04198-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adhesion strength of muck is a crucial factor influencing Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield clogging, but this perspective overlooks the role of muck’s shear strength. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively evaluate the risk of shield clogging based on muck strength. Adhesion strength and triaxial tests were conducted on the moderately weathered mudstone muck using a rotary shear apparatus and a soil-shape-controlled triaxial device. This work explores the relationship between tangential adhesion strength (referred to as adhesion strength) and shear strength of moderately weathered mudstone muck. The adhesion strength and the shear strength exhibited similar variation patterns. As the consistency index increased, the adhesion strength of the muck gradually rose. The interfacial friction angle increased, while the interfacial adhesion force initially rose before declining. The adhesion and shear strengths of muck can be assessed by integrating the effects of stratigraphic stress. When the adhesion strength surpasses the shear strength, the shield faces a risk of muck adhesion. Building on this insight, a strength-based clogging risk assessment strategy for mechanized tunneling was proposed. Field tests demonstrated that the risk assessment strategy effectively evaluated the potential for shield clogging both before and after dispersant treatment, thereby ensuring the safety and efficiency of shield tunneling. Moreover, recognizing the influence of temperature, consolidation, and critical shear strength on the potential for shield clogging, the authors will continue to focus on these factors in future work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical model test on the influence of reservoir water level fluctuation on the deformation of landslides with weak interlayers

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04210-5

Song Wei, Feng Ji, Feng Lv, Lei Wang

{"title":"Physical model test on the influence of reservoir water level fluctuation on the deformation of landslides with weak interlayers","authors":"Song Wei, Feng Ji, Feng Lv, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04210-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04210-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weak mechanical properties of weak interlayers are crucial for controlling landslide deformation and failure under water level fluctuation. The instability and failure of landslides in reservoirs can lead to unpredictable consequences. In this study, the reservoir bank landslide with a weak interlayer was selected as the research subject. The material composition, structural characteristics, mechanical properties, and permeability of the landslide were determined through field investigations and tests. Additionally, a physical model test was conducted to explore the groundwater variation rules and deformation failure modes of landslides with weak interlayers under different water level fluctuation rates. The results indicate that due to the low permeability of the interlayer, there was a significant lag in monitoring data such as pore water pressure within the interlayer under the same water level fluctuation rate. At the same point, the faster the water level fluctuation rate, the greater the degree of lag. The deformation and failure mode of landslide with weak interlayer under reservoir water level fluctuation can be summarized as the following five stages: slope toe erosion stage, cracks on slope surface and interlayer stage, micro-collapse of slope toes and crack expansion of slope surface and interlayer stage, local micro-collapse of slope toe and crack penetration of slope body stage, crack development leads to landslide of slope body stage. This study provides theoretical support for prevention and control of landslides with weak interlayers in the gravel soils of reservoirs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on mechanism and variation of mesoscopic damage in artificial frozen sandy gravels by X-ray CT scanning

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04183-5

Wang Wu, Qixiang Yan, Yan Li, Junchen Zhang, Zhaowei Ding, Caihou Xu

{"title":"Investigation on mechanism and variation of mesoscopic damage in artificial frozen sandy gravels by X-ray CT scanning","authors":"Wang Wu, Qixiang Yan, Yan Li, Junchen Zhang, Zhaowei Ding, Caihou Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04183-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04183-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The artificial ground freezing (AGF) method is a frequently-used reinforcement method for underground engineering that has a good effect on supporting and water-sealing. When employing the AGF method, the mesoscopic damage reduces the strength of the frozen sandy gravel and consequently affects the bearing capacity of the frozen curtain. However, a few studies have been conducted on the mesoscopic damage of artificial frozen sandy gravel, which differs from fine-grained soil due to its larger gravel size. Therefore, based on triaxial compression tests and CT scanning tests, this paper investigates both the mesoscopic damage mechanism and variations in artificial frozen sandy gravels. The findings indicate that there are contact pressures between gravel tips within the frozen sandy gravel, with damage primarily concentrated around these gravels during incompatible deformation within a four-phase medium consisting of ice, water, soil, and gravel. Furthermore, numerical simulation validates that failure typically initiates at delicate contact surfaces between gravel and soil particles. For instance, when the axial strain reaches 8%, the plastic strain at the location of gravel contact reaches 4.6, which significantly surpasses most of the surrounding plastic strain zones measuring around 1.3. Additionally, the maximum local stress within the soil sample is as high as 48 MPa. This failure event is distinct from viscoplastic failure observed in frozen fine-grained soil or brittle failure seen in frozen rock. The findings also indicate that the mesoscopic damage is about 0.3 when the axial strain is 10%. The study's findings can serve as a valuable guide for developing finite element models to assess damage caused by freezing in sandy gravel using AGF method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0