Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Stiffness degradation of saturated coral sand under complex stress conditions","authors":"You Qin,&nbsp;Hui Long,&nbsp;Wei-Jia Ma,&nbsp;Qi Wu,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Chen,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04506-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04506-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coral sandy soils are frequently employed as fill and construction materials for land reclamation projects, port facilities, and other infrastructure projects in coral reef ecosystems. Considering the susceptibility of coral sand to liquefaction when subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquakes and storm surges, this study evaluates the stiffness degradation characteristics of saturated coral sand under varying physical states and cyclic loading conditions. This analysis employed undrained cyclic hollow cylinder tests with 90° jumps of principal stresses. Test results demonstrate that the stiffness degradation curve of specimen is significantly affected by relative densities, fines contents, and the cyclic loading conditions. The equivalent intergranular void ratio (<i>e</i>*) was introduced to account for the effects of fines content, particle physical state, and inter-particle contact on the physical properties of specimens. A negative power function relationship was observed between the initial cyclic stiffness and <i>e</i>* under identical cyclic loading conditions. Besides, a predictive equation for the excess pore-water pressure ratio (<i>r</i>_<i>u</i>) was formulated based on the factor of safety. To further establish their close relationship, a correlation function between stiffness degradation and <i>r</i>_<i>u</i> accumulation is proposed. Consequently, a stiffness degradation model accommodating these multiple development modes has been established. The results of this experiment can provide effective references for the construction of islands and reefs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of interparticle friction weakening on landslide dynamics considering rate-dependent friction laws","authors":"Yafeng Chen,&nbsp;Guoqing Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Xu,&nbsp;Hao Wen","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04486-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04486-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratory experiments have revealed that the friction coefficient within landslide shear bands exhibits rate dependence, which is the key factor in explaining the mechanism of high-speed and long-runout movement. However, the rate-dependent effect is overlooked due to the constant frictional value in the conventional Coulomb Friction (CF) law. To address this limitation, we propose using the relative shear rate between particles as an indicator, and integrating the Rate-dependent Friction (RF) law with the discrete element method to investigate the effects of interparticle friction coefficient (<i>µ</i>_micro) weakening on the dynamics of the “10.10” Baige landslide. We compared the impact of the CF law, one-state RF law, and two-state RF law on landslide dynamics under the same friction parameters. The results suggest that the weakening of <i>µ</i>_micro leads to a maximum increase of the sliding rate and displacement by 37.0% and 19.7%. Surprisingly, the two-state RF law exhibits the most robust coupling with the evolution stages of the landslide, which can be divided into initial creep, particle flow, and accumulation phases. Furthermore, the relationship between the apparent friction coefficient (<i>µ</i>_macro) and <i>µ</i>_micro was revealed as positively logarithmic, indicating that the weakening of <i>µ</i>_micro enhances the fluidity of the landslide. These findings are expected to improve the accuracy of landslide dynamic simulations further.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume change behaviour and microstructural evolution of unsaturated Cr(VI) contaminated red clay under coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical conditions","authors":"Zhao Zhang,&nbsp;Yong He,&nbsp;Zhi-peng Yu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Kao-fei Zhu,&nbsp;He Wei,&nbsp;Mayoulou Raud Eucaristia,&nbsp;Ke-neng Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-min Ye","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04494-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04494-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Field investigations reveal that shallow clayey soils in heavy metal-contaminated sites often remain in a long-term unsaturated state, experiencing coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects. In this study, a series of suction-controlled oedometer tests and microstructural analyses were respectively performed on Cr(VI)-contaminated red clay collected from an abandoned chromite slag disposal site, in order to systematically study the mechanical behaviours of unsaturated contaminated soils. Results indicated that the volumetric behaviour of red clay was synergistically governed by Cr(VI) concentration and suction, with suction variations exerting more pronounced effects on soil compression and swelling/shrinkage deformations than chemical contaminants. Microstructural characterization revealed a dual-porosity system dominated by micropores in the unsaturated red clay. The volume change mechanism induced by heavy metal infiltration was further elucidated through clay particle fabric analysis. Notably, chemical softening phenomena were identified in contaminated specimens. A yield surface equation incorporating chemical softening effects was developed to characterize the mechanical response of unsaturated contaminated red clay under chemo-hydro-mechanical coupling. Validation demonstrated that the proposed model was able to effectively capture the yield characteristics of red clay in the <i>p</i>₀ ~ <i>s</i> ~ <i>c</i> plane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperatures and fines content on the shear properties of calcareous sand","authors":"Yang Wu,&nbsp;Ying Cai,&nbsp;Liwei Wen,&nbsp;Norimasa Yoshimoto,&nbsp;Caishun Meng,&nbsp;Jie Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04480-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04480-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calcareous sand is regarded as one of the special marine deposits and widely adopted as dredged hydraulic filling materials for island reclamation. The deposited foundation probably contains a large amount of fine-grained sand due to hydraulic transportation. In offshore regions, the construction of geothermal infrastructures, such as oil pumps and platforms, is urgently needed in reclamation island regions. Therefore, the effects of temperature and fines content on the shear properties of calcareous sand requires further investigation. In this study, a series of temperature-controlled drained triaxial shear tests were carried out on calcareous sands containing various fines content. The measured results show that increasing temperature promotes the micro-expansion of particles and intensifies the amount of particle crushing. Increasing fines content leads to marked decrement in shear strength, suppressing the dilatancy behavior. The fine-grained particles play a lubricating role between neighboring grains and greatly change the effective contact mode. It is noted that both internal friction angle and the cohesion of calcareous sand-fines mixture also decrease with increasing temperature and fines content. A good relationship between peak mobilized friction angle<span>(::{:phi:}_{peak:})</span>and effective confining pressure <span>(:{sigma:}_{c}^{{prime:}})</span> for calcareous sand under different thermal loading paths is noticed. An emprical equation to estimate the peak mobilized friction angle <span>(:{:phi:}_{peak:})</span>for calcareous sand considering the combined influences of temperature, fines content and confining stress has been proposed. The predicted performance of the established model is satisfactory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-air-ground-interior integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures: A case study in the Heifangtai terrace, Northwest China","authors":"Yueqiao Yang,&nbsp;Jiewei Zhan,&nbsp;Jianqi Zhuang,&nbsp;Wu Zhu,&nbsp;Jianbing Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04493-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04493-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an important landslide precursor, the identification of landslide fissures has received increasing attention. In this study, comprehensive remote sensing, ground survey methods and integrated geophysical methods were integrated to propose a “space-air-ground-interior” integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures from regional to individual scales. Moreover, a demonstration study was conducted in Heifangtai Terrace, which is known as the laboratory of loess landslides. First, combining the visual interpretation of optical images and time-series InSAR technology from the satellite platform, fissure development and retrogressive failure behavior of landslide in the Moshi gully section were identified as the most significant. In addition, the ground differential subsidence gradient in this section indicated active landslide behavior. Then, unmanned aerial vehicle platform equipped with optical, LiDAR, and infrared thermal imaging sensors provided three-dimensional quantitative indices of the landslide fissures. For specific individual landslides, the spatial distributions of individual landslide fissures and the corresponding quantitative indices were checked and cataloged via ground surveys. Finally, electrical resistivity tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves further revealed internal fissures and stratigraphic discontinuities within individual landslides. Based on the Heifangtai Terrace multiperiod landslide fissure cataloging database constructed with the proposed integrated mapping framework, the spatial‒temporal evolution patterns between loess landslides and fissure development, as well as the signs of landslide precursors, were clarified. The demonstration study shows that the integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures with multiplatform and multisource data can offer empirical guidance for early detection and monitoring systems for potential catastrophic landslides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of axial force loss in Pre-tensioned anchors induced by turbidity currents erosion on underwater slopes and its failure criteria","authors":"Huan Sun,&nbsp;Qiaofeng Fan,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu,&nbsp;Yi Lin,&nbsp;Guojie Li,&nbsp;Zhenni Ye","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04483-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04483-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The underwater slopes formed by coastal sand mining are susceptible to erosion and damage caused by turbidity currents. In this study, the erosion and damage to underwater slopes caused by turbidity currents were elucidated in the context of a coastal quartz sand mining project on Hainan Island. Additionally, the destabilization of underwater slopes caused by turbidity currents was predicted. In this study, a physical similarity model of underwater slopes was constructed, including the erosion damage and destabilization process of turbidity currents on underwater slopes under turbulent flow conditions; moreover, the evolution of turbidity current density (TCD) and anchoring force loss (AFL) during the erosion process of underwater slopes was analyzed. Based on this, a critical index criterion for the erosion damage of underwater slopes was proposed. The validity of the critical index criterion was verified through numerical simulation. The conclusions of this study have important application value for the monitoring and early warning of underwater slope stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the 2D shear wave velocity structure of the majiagou landslide in the three gorges reservoir area of China using seismic surface wave and borehole data","authors":"Zi-Jun Cao,&nbsp;Xuan-Hao Wang,&nbsp;Tengfei Wu,&nbsp;Shuangxi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04485-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04485-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the geological structure of the Majiagou landslide and accurately identifying the burial depth and geometry of potential sliding surfaces for evaluating the safety margin and failure risk of the landslide. The multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) technique is widely recognized as the optimal method for determining near-surface shear wave velocity in geotechnical investigations. In this study, we used the MASW technique to characterize the geological structure of the Majiagou landslide. A total of 86 shot-gather records are collected, and a 2D shear wave velocity profile of the landslide is obtained through dispersion analysis and inversion processing. The reliability of the velocity structure and landslide stratification was validated using borehole data and monitoring results from the inclinometers and sensing optical fibers at corresponding survey locations. Shear wave velocity variations and borehole data indicate that the landslide is approximately divided into four layers within the upper 30 m, with a potential sliding surface identified. The middle section contains boulders and isolated stones of varying sizes, while the thicker sediment and gravel soil layers are predominantly concentrated in the middle and leading edges of the landslide, suggesting a higher likelihood of failure in these areas compared to the trailing edge. Finally, integrating the results of shear wave velocity with surface geological surveys, we infer that the most probable failure mechanism is a pushing-type landslide initiating at approximately 15 m depth from the middle of the landslide, proceeding towards the right side of the leading edge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debris flow susceptibility and propagation modeling: a deep learning and flow-R framework","authors":"Muhammad Khalid,&nbsp;Muhammad Zulkarnain bin Abd Rahman,&nbsp;Jabir Hussain Syed,&nbsp;Nafees Ali,&nbsp;Hamza Daud,&nbsp;Muhammad Afaq Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Safwan Ruslan,&nbsp;Omar Farouk Fauzi","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04496-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04496-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Debris flows are among the most destructive natural hazards, characterized by rapid initiation and movement, posing significant challenges for accurate prediction and mitigation. In the Gilgit District of Pakistan, particularly along the Karakoram Highway, North Pakistan, debris flows frequently disrupt transportation routes, damage infrastructure, and hinder economic development. This study developed a comprehensive inventory of 64 debris flow events from Jaglot to Gilgit City. Fourteen causative factors were generated from remote sensing and topographic data. They were evaluated for their relative importance using a Random Forest (RF) classifier, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), Tolerance, and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) identifying rainfall, elevation, and lithology as the most influential predictors. Three DL models, recurrent neural networks (RNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN), were trained to generate debris flow susceptibility mapping (DFSM), where the ANN model achieved the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.924). Furthermore, the susceptibility output was coupled with Flow-R modeling to evaluate spatial runout behavior, simulating debris flow propagation at a regional scale using the ANN-derived “very high” susceptibility zones as the initiation source. The results indicated that approximately 13.15% of the area falls under very high propagation susceptibility, 22.94% under high, and 63.91% under low, emphasizing areas at significant risk of runout impact. The results strongly corresponded between simulated flow paths and field observations, validating the approach. The resulting propagation patterns demonstrate significant spatial alignment with mapped debris flow paths, enhancing the practical applicability of the integrated approach. In areas where frequent debris flows occur, this combined framework provides a robust basis for identifying initiation and potential impact zones, facilitating more effective hazard mitigation and land-use planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture extension and heat transfer mechanism of hot dry rocks with different grain sizes under hydraulic fracturing","authors":"Hao Dai,&nbsp;Tubing Yin,&nbsp;Jiexin Ma,&nbsp;Wenxuan Guo,&nbsp;Jianfei Lu,&nbsp;Dengdeng Zhuang,&nbsp;Yongjun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04470-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04470-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extension of hydraulic fractures in hot dry rocks (HDR) and their seepage–heat transfer characteristics are strongly influenced by mineral composition and grain size. In this study, three granites with varying grain sizes (fine-grained G1, G2, and medium-coarse-grained G3) were subjected to hydraulic fracturing under high-temperature and true triaxial stress conditions. A fractal-based seepage–heat transfer coupling model grounded in actual fracture geometry was developed. The results indicate that the BP of medium-coarse-grained G3 granite with lower mica content and higher quartz content is approximately 1.4 MPa lower than that of G1 granite, and the tortuosity of hydraulic fractures is reduced. Additionally, compared to the fine-grained G1 granite with high mica content and low quartz content, the fractal dimension of the fracture surface, exit temperature, and overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) of G2 and G3 granites all decreased, exhibiting a clear positive correlation among the three parameters. At an injection velocity of 0.15 m/s, the OHTC of G2 and G3 were 10.49 W/(m²·K) and 21.06 W/(m²·K) lower, respectively, than that of G1. Furthermore, both OHTC and the local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) generally increase with flow velocity. The injection velocity exhibits a negative exponential relationship with the OHTC and a quadratic polynomial relationship with the outlet temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of gas hazard in coal stratum tunnels based on improved snake optimizer and support vector machine","authors":"Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Peidong Su,&nbsp;Jun Sasaki,&nbsp;Mingyu Lei,&nbsp;Dian Xiao,&nbsp;Jialiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04481-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04481-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In tunnel engineering that passes through coal-bearing strata, gas explosion accidents pose a severe threat to the safety of construction personnel. Therefore, accurately predicting gas risks during the planning and design stages of tunnels is crucial. This paper proposed a gas hazard prediction method based on support vector machine (SVM) with improved snake optimizer (ISO) for more accurate prediction and classification of hazard levels. Firstly, five improvement strategies were adopted to enhance the global search capability and robustness of snake optimizer (SO). The nine testing functions were used to comprehensively test, compare, and analyze the performance of the ISO with other optimization algorithms. Then, the model was used to learn and test from a database of 80 collected coal gas tunnel cases, on which the ISO-SVM gas outburst prediction model was established. The improved snake optimizer algorithm significantly boosted the classification performance of the Support vector machine, achieving a test set prediction accuracy of 93.8%. The validated model was applied to four newly constructed tunnel projects in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China, and the prediction results were consistent with the actual hazard levels. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed model overcomes the limitations of single-indicator determination and effectively addresses the issue of poor applicability in gas outburst determination due to potential data deficiencies. In addition, a comprehensive comparison was conducted with other machine learning models, and the ISO-SVM prediction model demonstrated superior predictive performance, highlighting its outstanding potential and practical applicability in future gas hazard prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}