Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Polyphase rock slope failure controlled by pre-existing geological structures and rock bridges","authors":"Reinhard Gerstner,&nbsp;Christine Fey,&nbsp;Erik Kuschel,&nbsp;Gerald Valentin,&nbsp;Klaus Voit,&nbsp;Christian Zangerl","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03382-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03382-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even after decades of intensive research, assessing rock slope stability remains a challenge. One reason for this is the spatial variability of rock bridges (RBs) related to non-persistent, pre-existing geological structures, especially as the detection of RBs is generally limited to the post-failure period. Thus, the identification and classification of RBs and their inclusion in numerical studies are demanding, yet essential, since even small quantities of RBs can be decisive for rock slope stability. In our study, we demonstrate how brittle RB failure and pre-existing geological structures control the mechanisms of a polyphase rock slope failure. Therefore, we present a case study in the Austrian Alps, where three rock falls with a failure volume of 30,000 m³ occurred in 2019. Based on detailed process reconstructions, high-resolution terrain models, and comprehensive geological and rock mechanical investigations, we derived high-quality input for our distinct element model (DEM). By applying asymmetric Voronoi tessellation in the DEM, we modelled the coalescence of pre-existing geological structures by brittle RB failure. As a result, we identified toppling as the predominant failure mechanism at the study site. Distinctive geological structures decisively affected the failure mechanism. However, the toppling failure was only reproducible by incorporating RBs in the DEM in their pre-failure position. Finally, we found that joint persistence, and consequently the presence of potential RBs, controls which initial rock fall failure mechanism was developed. In conclusion, we state that the initial toppling failure of the Hüttschlag rock falls is controlled by non-persistent geological structures in interplay with RBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-023-03382-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the sealing of flowing water by cement-sodium silicate slurry in rough single fracture","authors":"Zengguang Xu,&nbsp;Yanzhao Wang,&nbsp;Wei Xiong,&nbsp;Junrui Chai,&nbsp;Cheng Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03384-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03384-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of underground engineering, the problem of sudden surge water has become one of the main problems that restrict engineering safety. Grouting method is commonly used to seal the fracture water flow. However, grouting in flowing water streams still faces many challenges. In this study, a rough fracture model is established based on the Barton curve, and the effects of fracture roughness, water flow rate, fracture inclination, and grouting pressure are considered, and orthogonal tests are used to study the diffusion pattern of slurry under the four factors. According to the observed phenomena, there are four main diffusion patterns of the slurry: (1) full slurry coverage with no water passing through; (2) little coverage with watercourses and cavity areas along both sides of the fracture; (3) partial slurry coverage with no obvious watercourses but some cavity areas; and (4) less coverage with larger watercourses and cavity areas. The reduction rate of flow rate at the outlet before and after grouting was used to express the sealing effect. The results show that the degree of influence on the slurry sealing effect from strong to weak is fracture roughness, water flow velocity, grouting pressure, and fracture angle in order. A method to characterize the sealing effect by slurry coverage is proposed based on the final distribution of residual slurry. Considering the mutual influence between different factors, the sealing effect of two factors is analyzed in order to provide reference for engineering practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of the Sedongpu high-altitude and ultra-long-runout landslide in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River, China","authors":"Yang Gao,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Haoyuan Gao,&nbsp;Shaohua Gao,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojie Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03374-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03374-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Tibetan Plateau is an area that is highly prone to high-altitude and ultra-long-runout landslides. The Sedongpu landslide is one very typical case. Aiming at high-altitude and ultra-long-runout landslides, and taking Sedongpu basin as an example, this study tries to establish analytical method through historical interpretation, potential source interpretation, numerical back-analysis, dynamic parameters acquisition, and numerical prediction analysis. The following results were obtained: (1) the high-altitude and ultra-long-runout landslide has obvious vertical and horizontal zoning characteristics, the vertical falling height difference and runout distance are linearly correlated to the complicated dynamic characteristics, which is one of the reasons why this type of disaster cannot be evaluated by conventional risk assessment methods. (2) Based on remote-sensing technology, the historical landslides events in 2018 were interpreted, and five potential high-altitude geo-risk areas were detected. There is still a very high geological disaster risk. (3) Through back- and prediction-analysis in numerical simulations, it was determined that the height of the Sedongpu landslide dam will reach 120 m and 165 m under general condition and extreme condition. The purpose of this study was to propose an alternative risk assessment method, which is of great significance for geo-risk prediction and mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study for evaluation of collapsible loess roadbed replacement method using lightweight soil","authors":"Jinfang Hu,&nbsp;Hongtai Liu,&nbsp;Wenyuan Ren,&nbsp;Aijun Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Mi,&nbsp;Zhichao Liang,&nbsp;Liang Pan,&nbsp;Haobo Xie,&nbsp;Jinwen Han,&nbsp;Tao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03376-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03376-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water is one of the most significant variables that contribute to loess collapse, hence in collapsible loess areas, stringent waterproofing measures are frequently employed to limit loess roadbed collapse. During the construction of roads in sponge city, the roadbed must have natural-like permeability and water retention capacities to assure normal permeation and retention of rainwater. These capacities are contradictory with the collapse of the loess roadbed. This research proposes a collapsible loess roadbed replacement method based on optimized lightweight soil with cotton stalk fibers (LSCF) to overcome this contradiction. The optimization of the LSCF mixture ratio was based on density, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability tests. The optimized LSCF has a low density (1.05 g/cm³), sufficient strength (178.43 kPa), and similar permeability to natural loess (4.03 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s). In addition, a method for calculating replacement depth and the corresponding replacement construction processes were developed. Three methods, including theory calculation, centrifugal model test, and practical field demonstration, were used to further evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed replacement method. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the replacement method effectively reduces the self-weight collapsibility settlement (more than 20%) and maintains good permeability and water retention capacity of the loess site. The research findings provide engineering recommendations for sponge city roadbed treatment in collapsible loess areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49144077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative research on the precursory characteristics of critical slowing down before the failure of raw coal and briquettes","authors":"Erhui Zhang,&nbsp;Baokun Zhou,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03373-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03373-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acoustic emissions (AE) generated during the deformation process of coal rock reflects the stress and failure state of the coal rock mass. AE parameters were used to identify precursor information indicating the critical transition before failure in coal rock masses. It was of significant importance in rock mechanics and engineering. The triaxial loading and AE detection tests were performed on raw coal and briquettes. The variation characteristics of AE characteristic parameters (RA/AF, duration, and rise time) during the test damage and failure process of raw coal and briquettes were statistically analyzed. The AE precursor characterization of critical failure in raw coal and briquettes was investigated using the critical slowing down theory. Compared to the autocorrelation coefficient, variance change points were easier to identify and were not influenced by the choice of lag lengths. The <i>t</i> variance and autocorrelation coefficient of AE RA/AF, duration, and rise time were used as the main criterion and auxiliary criterion for the transformation of raw-coal instability failure. They were not recommended to be used as early warning information of briquettes’ instability failure. The failure precursory signals of raw coal and briquettes obtained through critical slowing down had good timeliness, which was of great significance to the monitoring and early warning of coal rock masses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative tests on the failure characteristics and mechanisms of slopes with curved surfaces","authors":"Shuwei Sun,&nbsp;Jiabing Hu,&nbsp;An Deng,&nbsp;Xianfu Xu,&nbsp;Hui Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03379-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03379-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of landslides have occurred in the slopes with curved surfaces. Curved surfaces have the potential to accelerate the failure of slopes and are essential for the analysis of slopes as open pit slopes and waste dump slopes in mines. Reasonable analysis of curved slopes requires knowledge about their failure and deformation behavior, which are not thoroughly clarified so far. In this study, a series of base friction model tests were conducted comparatively on slopes with concave and convex section surfaces under gravitational loading conditions. An updated speckle analysis and displacement measurement system was developed to capture the slope deformation and failure process in the base friction model tests; thus, the behaviors and mechanism of the failure process of the slopes were studied considering the effect of shape and curvature. The results showed that both the concave and convex section slopes experienced a significant step-by-step failure process. The slip surface was caused by the development of deformation localization in the curved slopes, and the slip surface of the concave section slopes was nearly arced with an initial deformation at the crown, while for the convex section slopes, the slip surface was nearly linear and the deformation occurred first at the middle of the slope surface. The failure behavior was significantly influenced by the shape and curvature of a slope surface, and the deformation and failure process of slopes was divided into three phases: the uniform deformation phase, the strain localization phase, and the failure phase. Two characteristic test time are provided to illustrate the stability of curved slopes, demonstrating that the stability of concave section slopes was higher than that of convex section slopes, which was basically consistent with the other results. A strain analysis was conducted to investigate the strain localization of the slopes with curved surfaces by user-written code following the finite element method, and the deformation mechanism of the curved slopes was analyzed by volumetric strain and maximum shear strain. A novel index was proposed to analyze the relative degree of volumetric effect and shear effect acting on slopes during the test, which indicates that the more pronounced shear effect of the concave section slopes appeared in the crown area of the slope, while the significant shear effect appeared at the middle of the slope surface for the convex section slopes. The slip surface geometry and location of the slopes with curved surfaces were illustrated by numerical modeling combining the strength reduction method with the finite difference program FLAC3D. The failure characteristics of slopes with curved surfaces obtained from numerical modeling were nearly consistent with the base friction model test results. Furthermore, it was found that for slopes with concave, planar, and convex section surfaces, the slip surface of the slopes gradually transformed from circular","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45511262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemistry process and microweathering behaviour of sandstone heritages in the Nankan Grotto, China: Insights from field micro-observations and water–rock interaction experiments","authors":"Xuening Zhang,&nbsp;Sixiang Ling,&nbsp;Xiyong Wu,&nbsp;Fengrui Wang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Teng,&nbsp;Jiawen Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03378-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03378-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geochemical analyses of groundwater samples and water‒rock interaction experiments were conducted to elucidate the hydrochemical process of the water‒rock interactions in the Nankan mountainside. Additionally, the mineralogy and microstructure of field sandstone samples were analysed to explore the microweathering behaviour of minerals in the Nankan Grotto. The results indicated that the cations in the groundwater followed the concentration order of Ca²⁺  &gt; Mg²⁺ ≈ Na⁺  &gt;  &gt; K⁺, while the anion concentrations were in the order of HCO₃⁻  &gt;  &gt; NO₃⁻  &gt; SO₄²⁻ ≈ Cl⁻. The Piper, Gibbs, and ion correlation diagrams suggested that the groundwater was characterized as HCO₃-Ca type. Three stages, the calcite dissolution stage (Stage I), feldspar weathering stage (Stage II), and faint‒weathering stage (Stage III) were observed in the water‒rock interaction experiments. Based on microscopic petrographical analysis, the dissolution of calcite released bulk Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻, and this was the primary hydrochemical process that accounted for the HCO₃-Ca type groundwater. The weathering of biotite to chlorite-(Mg) introduced Mg²⁺ and K⁺. The weathering of albite and plagioclase-TIMA to sericite or other clay minerals released Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ into the solution. Slight weathering of K-feldspar released minor amounts of K⁺ into the solution. The abovementioned weathering processes resulted in the poor cementation and loose microstructure of the sandstone, leading to the macroscopic deterioration of the sandstone heritage site. Our research revealed the deterioration mechanisms of the sandstone in the Nankan Grotto, which paves the way for the subsequent conservation of sandstone heritage sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43034686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic machine learning for predicting desiccation cracks in clayey soils","authors":"Babak Jamhiri,&nbsp;Yongfu Xu,&nbsp;Mahdi Shadabfar,&nbsp;Susanga Costa","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03366-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03366-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With frequent heatwaves and drought-downpour cycles, climate change gives rise to severe desiccation cracks. In this research, a probabilistic machine learning (ML) framework is developed to improve the deterministic models. Therefore, a complete set of data-driven soil and environment parameters, including initial water content (IWC), crack water content (CWC), final water content (FWC), soil layer thickness (SLT), temperature (Temp), and relative humidity (RH), is utilized as inputs to predict the crack surface ratio (CSR). Also, a comprehensive set of MLs, including an ensemble of regression trees (i.e., random forests [RF] and regression trees [RT]), gradient-boosted trees (viz. GBT and XGBT), support-vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO), is developed for predictions. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is then employed to insert uncertainties in the given models via shuffling and randomizing samples. Two sensitivity analyses, in particular input exclusion and partial dependence-individual conditional expectation plots, are further established to assess the prediction reliability. Results indicate that the performance ranking of developed MLs can be put as SVM &gt; GBT &gt; XGBT &gt; ANN-PSO &gt; RF &gt; RT. However, according to the probabilistic modeling based on the MCS, GBTs are highly capable for predictions with the lowest errors and uncertainties. The performance order of the models in terms of the higher coefficient of determination and lower standard deviation is GBT &gt; SVM &gt; XGBT &gt; RF &gt; ANN-PSO &gt; RT. The sensitivity analyses also categorized the parameter importance in the order of FWC &gt; CWC &gt; SLT &gt; IWC &gt; Temp &gt; RH. These findings demonstrate the immense capabilities of probabilistic MLs under uncertainties by measuring prediction error variances and hence improving performance precision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A frozen soil sampling technique for granular soils and thermal modeling","authors":"Mostefa Hani,&nbsp;Burak Evirgen","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03372-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03372-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses a new sampling approach to allow undisturbed sampling without damaging the natural conditions of granular soils, thanks to the artificial ground freezing (AGF) method via a double-independent closed-circulation mechanism, over a 48-h period at ? 15 °C. The mechanical properties, textural characteristics, and freezing-thawing observations of three types of granular soils are investigated. The temperature distribution around freezing pipes, the shape of the frost line, and the degree of ice saturation were observed through a thermal simulation by a two-dimensional finite element analysis software, Plaxis 2D. The unconfined compressive strength and strain values of molded and cored specimens are compared. The coring samples are about 2.56 times stronger than the molded ones, depending on the method of soil sampling procedure in the same type of soil. The well-graded sandy samples (SW) achieve up to 1.05 and 2.95 MPa of force values in the molded and coring samples, respectively. Moreover, according to the types of soils, in the SW specimens, 1.57- and 1.39-fold strength values are obtained for poorly graded sand (SP) and well-graded gravel (GW) samples in the molded artificially frozen sampling process, respectively, as well as 1.17- and 1.09-fold strength increments in the coring frozen sampling process within the same order. The results of thermal module simulation nearly match those obtained using laboratory-based tests. The efficiency of the proposed sampling approach has been proven to represent actual on-site behavior. Besides, the strength results are perfect in this method with respect to traditional sampling methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4599424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on ultrasonic characteristics of frozen sandstone under uniaxial compression","authors":"Xihao Dong,&nbsp;Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Hailiang Jia","doi":"10.1007/s10064-023-03343-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-023-03343-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As one of the main means of non-destructive testing, ultrasonic waves?can effectively detect damage inside rock, which provides an important basis for the evaluation of rock mechanical properties. This study investigates the ultrasonic characteristics of frozen sandstone during loading and the effect of?different temperatures. Combined with the deformation and failure process of the?frozen sandstone sample, variation in ultrasonic velocity, amplitude, frequency spectrum, quality factor, and energy during loading were analyzed. The results show that (1) the amplitude of ultrasonic first?increased, then decreased, then increased again with the increase in axial stress (<span>(sigma_{1})</span>), and decreased with the decrease in temperature. (2) The amplitude and arrival time of the first wave decreased as the temperature decreased. The amplitude of the first wave increased with the increase in <span>(sigma_{1})</span>, while the arrival time is reversed. (3) The ultrasonic velocity (<span>(v_{p})</span>) increased as the temperature decreased. <span>(v_{p})</span> increased rapidly in the compaction stage and increased slowly in the elastic stage. Before the peak stress, when the stress level of sandstone samples was 0.88–0.93, <span>(v_{p})</span> reached its peak?and then decreased rapidly due to the initiation and expansion of cracks. (4) The spectral peaks increased with the increase in <span>(sigma_{1})</span> and decreased with the decrease in temperature. In addition, the quality factor and accumulated energy of the?ultrasonic increase first and then decrease during loading. The relationship between the?ultrasonic velocity and stress of frozen sandstone at different temperatures was established using logarithmic function?fitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4857519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}