Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献_第4页

Response of stratified soil deposits to the severity of liquefaction phenomena: the Piniada Valley, Greece, case study 层状土壤沉积物对液化现象严重程度的响应：希腊皮尼亚达河谷的案例研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04441-6

George Papathanassiou, Ilias Fikos, Sotiris Valkaniotis, Alexandros Stampolidis, Dimitra Rapti, Maria Taftsoglou, Riccardo Caputo

{"title":"Response of stratified soil deposits to the severity of liquefaction phenomena: the Piniada Valley, Greece, case study","authors":"George Papathanassiou, Ilias Fikos, Sotiris Valkaniotis, Alexandros Stampolidis, Dimitra Rapti, Maria Taftsoglou, Riccardo Caputo","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04441-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04441-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last decades, successful attempts have been made to quantify the liquefaction potential of a site using liquefaction indices, i.e., <i>LPI</i> and <i>LSN</i>. The accuracy of these indices has been recently questioned due to the mismatch of well-documented cases in stratified soil deposits. We applied these methods at point-bar deposits along the Piniada Valley, Greece, where widespread liquefaction phenomena were triggered by the 2021 Damasi earthquake, considering data derived by six CPTu. The aim of our study was twofold: firstly, examine the vertical and lateral heterogeneity of subsoil profiles within this specific geological-geomorphological feature and secondly investigate the role of the subsoil stratigraphy, on the severity of the ejected material. To address these issues, we additionally applied a geophysical method, i.e., ERT, aiming at testing its capability to detect clay-like and sand-like soil layers and validating the obtained tomographies with in-situ tests data. As a result, we conclude that the stratigraphy of the subsoil layers within a point-bar setting could significantly vary even within a distance of 10–15 m, thus affecting the liquefaction-related behavior and the ejecta potential. The latter seems to be successfully prognosticated by the recently developed approach of L<sub>D</sub>-C<sub>R</sub>. At this regard, the partially stratified soil deposits could not generate enough excess pore pressure to create cracks in the crust layer for reaching the surface. In contrast, sites with a thick continuous sand mixture can generate severe liquefaction manifestations even with an overlying crust layer more than 4 m-thick.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10064-025-04441-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of water migration-induced softening on the stability of soil-rock slopes with irregular rock block rotation behavior 水运移软化对不规则块体旋转土-岩边坡稳定性的影响

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04433-6

Chuan Wen, Shunqing Liu, Guojun Cai, Zhichao Zhang, Haoqing Xu, Yuhe Sun

{"title":"Effects of water migration-induced softening on the stability of soil-rock slopes with irregular rock block rotation behavior","authors":"Chuan Wen, Shunqing Liu, Guojun Cai, Zhichao Zhang, Haoqing Xu, Yuhe Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04433-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04433-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To assess the effects of water-induced softening on slope stability, soil-rock slopes with different major axis inclinations of irregular rock blocks were generated using a stochastic method based on functional distribution. More than 4200 2D stability analyses were performed using strength reduction limit analysis method. For each kind of water-induced softening condition and major axis inclination, the different rock block arrangements had been made. The safety factor and shear dissipation results indicate that the rock block’s major axis inclination have a significant impact on slope stability, even as soil strength continuously decreases. Under the different softening conditions caused by water migration, slopes are most susceptible to failure when the soil throughout the whole soil-rock mixture is softened. In particular, when the soil at the base of the soil-rock mixture softened, a shear sliding zone develop from the slope toe along the contact surface. Furthermore, as soil strength continues to degrade, both an increased softening thickness and a higher volumetric rock block proportion accelerate the rate of slope stability reduction. The impact of increasing softening thickness on slope stability is primarily governed by the soil above the contact surface. It is also noteworthy noting that in slopes with a high volumetric rock block proportion, repeated cycles of water-induced softening leads to a significant loss of soil particles from the structural skeleton. This results in a more rapid decline in slope stability compared to slopes with a lower volumetric rock block proportion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subpixel offset tracking for landslide deformation monitoring: optimization of input conditions and assessment of vegetation noise 滑坡变形监测的亚像素偏移跟踪：输入条件优化与植被噪声评价

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04425-6

Huai-xian Xiao, Nan Jiang, Hai-bo Li, Yu-xiang Hu, Jia-wen Zhou

{"title":"Subpixel offset tracking for landslide deformation monitoring: optimization of input conditions and assessment of vegetation noise","authors":"Huai-xian Xiao, Nan Jiang, Hai-bo Li, Yu-xiang Hu, Jia-wen Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04425-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04425-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface deformation analysis is a crucial task in landslide research, as it plays an important role in landslide monitoring and serves as a prerequisite for landslide mechanism analyses and risk assessments. High-accuracy surface displacement fields can be derived rapidly by the subpixel offset tracking (sPOT) algorithm based on multitemporal very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing data without tedious manual interpretation work. However, some technical characteristics of the availability of sPOT, such as the input conditions and vegetation noise, have not been fully discussed thus far, and these factors may compromise the accuracy of the derived surface displacement fields and thus limit the applicability of sPOT as a high-accuracy image interpretation algorithm. In this study, several quantitative indices from information theory and digital image processing methods were introduced to support the quantitative analysis of the sPOT inputs and outputs. We used two sets of tests to show how different input conditions (including different image band and window parameters) affect the accuracy of the displacement field. Areas with different vegetation statuses in the region of interest (RoI) were then segmented using pattern recognition methods, and the noise level in each area was successfully quantified. Finally, some practical guidelines on the selection of input conditions and filtering of vegetation noise were proposed. The results of this study help to improve the accuracy of the sPOT algorithm from a user’s perspective and are expected to contribute to the in-depth application of sPOT in various fields of geomorpho-dynamics, including landslide deformation monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled model for frost heave in unsaturated clay: ice segregation and vapor migration during horizontal freezing 非饱和粘土冻胀热-水-力耦合模型：水平冻结过程中的冰偏析和蒸汽迁移

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04429-2

Yue Liu, Yupeng Shen, Zhisheng Liu, Jingfu Guo, Chengcheng Luo, Zihan Meng

{"title":"A thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled model for frost heave in unsaturated clay: ice segregation and vapor migration during horizontal freezing","authors":"Yue Liu, Yupeng Shen, Zhisheng Liu, Jingfu Guo, Chengcheng Luo, Zihan Meng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04429-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04429-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horizontal freezing induces frost heave pressure in retaining structures, foundation pits, and slopes, leading to a variety of engineering challenges. A thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled model for horizontal freezing in unsaturated soils was developed. This model extends existing THM frameworks for saturated soils by incorporating vapor migration and ice segregation. The governing equations account for soil deformation, water and vapor migration, heat transfer, and the formation and growth of ice lenses. Numerical simulations were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics, and the model was validated through comparisons with laboratory experiments using a self-developed horizontal frost heave apparatus. The impact of frost heave behavior is examined through simulations that vary the initial water content, dry density, and temperature gradients. Increased water content and higher temperature gradients exacerbate frost heave, while higher dry density slows water migration and reduces ice lens formation. The density and flux of vapor significantly influence vapor migration. Finally, the model was applied to a real foundation pit project to assess frost heave behavior under varying thermal and mechanical conditions. The results indicate that the proposed model accurately captures the development of frost heave and its interaction with soil deformation. These findings offer practical implications for geotechnical design and frost heave mitigation in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating Dawanzi tunnel deformation induced by deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in Baihetan reservoir at Jinsha river 金沙江白鹤滩水库深部重力边坡变形诱发大湾子隧道变形研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04416-7

Kaiyu Ren, Xin Yao, Fuchu Dai, Ximing Chen, Chuangchuang Yao, Zhenkai Zhou

{"title":"Investigating Dawanzi tunnel deformation induced by deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in Baihetan reservoir at Jinsha river","authors":"Kaiyu Ren, Xin Yao, Fuchu Dai, Ximing Chen, Chuangchuang Yao, Zhenkai Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04416-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04416-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mountain tunnels are usually vulnerable due to the existence of fault fracture zones and various types of slope instability. Existing research primarily focuses on tunnelling through fault zones and structural damage caused by fault movements. The research on the deformation of built tunnels caused by reservoir-induced slope deformation remains limited. This study aims to investigate the deformation mechanism of the Dawanzi tunnel after reservoir filling in the Baihetan hydropower station and analyze the impact of different mechanisms on the governance decision of the tunnel. The integrated methods, including the field investigation, airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) survey, and interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observation, ensured the detailed interpretation of the geological, geomorphologic and surface deformation characteristics of the slope. A three-dimensional numerical model of a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone was established to analyze the displacement and stress condition of the lining under reservoir filling. Results show that the fault fracture zone plays a vital role in tunnel damage. It provided favorable geological conditions for the deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) induced by reservoir filling. A local ancient landslide developed on the right front side of the DSGSD with a larger deformation magnitude. Several pieces of evidence, including geomorphic features, deformation characteristics, and drilling, indicate that the DSGSD caused the tunnel damage rather than the landslide movement. No matter the spatial position of lining damage and shear stress distribution, simulated results based on the geological model can well correspond to the actual situation, which verifies the correctness of the proposed tunnel deformation mechanism. The research result can provide helpful information on the supporting design and governance decisions of the Dawanzi tunnel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial and size distributions of large landslides along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: the case of the Liangshan area 青藏高原东南缘大型滑坡的空间与规模分布——以凉山地区为例

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04430-9

Gang Sun, Mingwei Zhou, Bo Liu, Lijian Gao, Jun Li, Zhihong Li, Min Zhao, Zixuan Tao, Yong Zhu, Yuantao Yang, Ye Yuan, Bo Zhao

{"title":"Spatial and size distributions of large landslides along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: the case of the Liangshan area","authors":"Gang Sun, Mingwei Zhou, Bo Liu, Lijian Gao, Jun Li, Zhihong Li, Min Zhao, Zixuan Tao, Yong Zhu, Yuantao Yang, Ye Yuan, Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04430-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04430-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (LS area) is a region with complex geological conditions located at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and is renowned for its susceptibility to landslides. However, there is a lack of understanding of the distribution of landslides in the LS area. To address this gap, a comprehensive inventory of large landslides is first established on the basis of remote sensing and field investigations, followed by spatial analysis. The results reveal that the LS area hosts at least 2142 large landslides (volume ≥ 10<sup>6</sup> m³), covering a total area and volume of 1758.2 km² and 91.3 km³, respectively. More landslides are concentrated in the Yalong River subbasin than in other subbasins. Landslides exhibit an obvious fault-controlling effect, with more than 91% occurring within 2 km of faults, and the landslide frequency decreases exponentially with increasing distance from faults. Areas with alternating soft and hard rock types are more susceptible to landslides than areas with other rock groups are. The landslide size increases exponentially with topographic relief. Frequent seismic activity has been identified as an important potential trigger. Owing to limited data, spatial and size analyses may be immature, necessitating further systematic research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cracking behavior of soil subjected to the recycling of fly ash in semiarid regions 半干旱区粉煤灰循环利用对土壤开裂特性的影响

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04419-4

Tiao Zhang, Mingming Hu, Cong Liu, Xinwei Wang, Quan Zhao

引用次数: 0

Integration of multi-physical signals for monitoring shear failure in jointed granite: insights from experimental study 多物理信号集成监测节理花岗岩剪切破坏：来自实验研究的见解

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04438-1

Zhigang Yao, Hu Luo, Junyang He, Kaicheng Ying, Tao Yu, Yong Fang

{"title":"Integration of multi-physical signals for monitoring shear failure in jointed granite: insights from experimental study","authors":"Zhigang Yao, Hu Luo, Junyang He, Kaicheng Ying, Tao Yu, Yong Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04438-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04438-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shear failure is the primary mode of failure in jointed rock masses. As such, in-depth examination of multi-physical signals is necessary to accurately monitor rock mass conditions throughout shear processes. This study employed direct shear tests on jointed granite specimens with different roughness levels, utilizing an advanced multi-physical field monitoring system. By applying computer vision technology, signal mode decomposition, and statistical analysis, the research explored the evolution of acoustic emission (AE), infrared (IR), and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals during shear testing. The investigation identified distinct stages in the shear process: compaction, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, post-peak failure, and stick-slip instability. AE signals displayed characteristic phases that corresponded with shear stress variations, whereas IR signals provided predictive insights into failure events through temperature field changes. EMR signals revealed electromagnetic responses at various shear stages. AE signals exhibited a stronger correlation with shear stress changes compared to IR and EMR signals, which showed varying degrees of temporal delay. The findings of this study emphasize the significance of integrating multi-physical signal analysis to enhance the understanding and monitoring of shear failure dynamics in jointed rock masses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel approach for three-dimensional rock joint surface visualization based on photogrammetric point clouds 基于摄影测量点云的三维岩石节理面可视化新方法

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04255-6

Yingxian Lang, Zhengzhao Liang, Ke Ma, Yingjie Xia, Zhuo Dong

{"title":"A novel approach for three-dimensional rock joint surface visualization based on photogrammetric point clouds","authors":"Yingxian Lang, Zhengzhao Liang, Ke Ma, Yingjie Xia, Zhuo Dong","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04255-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04255-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Joints play a significant role in the behavior of rock masses subjected to stress or deformation. Accurate representations of joint surfaces are crucial for predicting the mechanical behavior of rocks and ensuring the safety of engineering structures. While CT scanning can provide precise joint information, its high cost, limited sample size range, and strict operating environment diminish its practicality for batch measurements of three-dimensional (3D) joint morphology. To address these challenges, this research proposes a cost-effective method for visualizing internal rock joints on a large scale. The proposed method transforms joint image information into 3D point data using image segmentation, feature extraction, digital image processing, and photogrammetry techniques. Based on principal component analysis combined with biharmonic spline interpolation (hereafter referred to as PCA-BSI), a reverse modeling of the 3D joint surface is achieved, enabling visualization of the joint surface. The effectiveness of the PCA-BSI algorithm has been validated through complex examples, showing correlation coefficients close to 1. The reliability of the proposed joint surface reconstruction method was verified by 3D scanning experiments. Furthermore, the joint surface fitting effects of the proposed method were compared to those of global polynomial interpolation and inverse distance weighting methods. The results indicate that the proposed method yielded high-quality 3D visualization of the joint surface, offering an economical and effective alternative for batch visualization of the internal morphology of rock joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of ground surface settlement in a shallow tunnel using coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique 应用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合技术分析浅埋隧道地表沉降

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04340-w

Kwangwoo Lee, Hyunki Kim

{"title":"Analysis of ground surface settlement in a shallow tunnel using coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique","authors":"Kwangwoo Lee, Hyunki Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04340-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04340-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of the excavation angle on controlling ground subsidence induced by shallow tunneling was investigated. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the inclination of the excavation surface. The test results indicated that decreasing the excavation surface angle leads to more stable tunnel conditions. The coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique was validated through experimental tests. The applicability of the CEL technique for modeling the failure and post-failure behavior of soil during tunnel excavation was verified. Large deformation finite element analyses using the CEL technique were conducted to investigate the behavior of excavation face stability and excavation-induced settlement under various conditions, including excavation angle (α), cover equivalent diameter ratio (C/D), and internal friction angles of soil (ϕ). The results showed that ground surface settlement can be reduced by increasing the cover-to-diameter ratio and internal friction angle, and by decreasing the excavation angle. Moreover, it was observed that when the excavation angle was less than the soil’s angle of repose, the soil remained stable, and no surface settlement occurred. This observation is critical as it suggests that maintaining the excavation angle below a certain threshold can effectively prevent subsidence, thus ensuring the structural integrity of both the tunnel and the surrounding ground. Therefore, the excavation surface angle not only influences the stability of the tunnel during construction but also plays a pivotal role in controlling ground surface settlement in shallow tunnels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0