Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of machine learning algorithms for forecasting the likelihood of liquefaction potential in geotechnical layers of Tabriz City","authors":"Mohammad Alizadeh Mansouri","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04344-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04344-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tabriz is located in one of the important seismic areas of the world and has witnessed severe earthquakes in the past centuries. Earthquake is associated with multiple risks including geotechnical risks which affected many cities around the world. One of these important risks is the phenomenon of soil liquefaction. Soil liquefaction is the reason for many damages caused by earthquakes which can cause lots of damage to vital arteries of cities, mines, pipe lines and the buried structures in the soil. One of the recent challenges in dealing with liquefaction is utilizing intelligent tools for predicting the effects of this phenomenon in soil layers. For this purpose, a total number of 100 soil samples are collected, while an empirical approach is also developed for achieving Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) by means of the depth of the soil layers, SPT values, penetration indices, fines content percentages, ground acceleration, and water level of the soil samples. For prediction purpose, the recently developed configuration of the Gradient Boosting (GB) methods is utilized as the main approach while the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Decision Tree (DT) approaches are utilized for comparative investigations. For validation process, 10% of the samples are utilized in a stochastic way to intelligently evaluate the capability of the GB method in contrast to the alternative approaches. The results demonstrate the capability of the GB approach in providing efficient predictive results in dealing with the LPI prediction problem. Regarding the training phase, GB provided the maximum absolute error of 3.44 × 10⁻⁸ while the DT’s result is partially competitive with maximum absolute of 3.15. Based on the test phase, GB can provide the lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.09 while the DT with 0.11 and ANN with 3.25 have the other ranks. The GB is capable of reaching to lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.64 in this phase while the DT with 3.07 and DT and ANN with 4.97 and 26.05 have second and third ranks respectively. 0.98 with 2% inaccuracy rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic interpretation of fines clogging-induced permeability changes in completely decomposed granite","authors":"Rui Chen,&nbsp;Zhi-yuan Luo,&nbsp;Ai-guo Li,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Lei-lei Liu,&nbsp;Liang-liang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04350-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04350-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to poor particle gradation, fine particles in completely decomposed granite (CDG) can migrate during seepage, thereby altering soil permeability. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated from a macroscopic perspective that permeability reduction in CDG is induced by fines clogging under seepage flow. However, the underlying mesoscopic interpretation remains unclear. Hence, the mesoscopic characteristics of CDG were investigated in this study by analyzing pore structure evolution and local permeability variations during seepage. The influence of pore structure on permeability was elucidated through comparative analyses of intact and recompacted CDG specimens. Furthermore, the progressive process of fines migration and clogging was systematically examined in recompacted specimens. The results demonstrate that intact CDG exhibits a more non-uniform pore structure than recompacted CDG, characterized by a seepage tortuosity 3.7 times that of recompacted CDG and a permeability coefficient one order of magnitude lower. Regarding local characteristics, fines migrate from the upstream zone and subsequently clog the downstream zone, thereby isolating the pores in the downstream zone into small-volume pores. As a result, the pores in the upstream zone mainly become long columnar, while those in the downstream zone primarily turn to be ellipsoidal. This process increased the void ratio by 35% in upstream zones while reducing it by 40% downstream, leading to a gradual decrease in local permeability coefficients along the seepage path. These findings provide a mesoscopic interpretation that enhances the characterization and understanding of permeability changes induced by fines clogging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of failure and fracture mechanisms in granite with en echelon joints","authors":"Shihao Yuan,&nbsp;Qiang Sun,&nbsp;Duoxing Yang,&nbsp;Jianjun Hu,&nbsp;Jishi Geng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04348-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04348-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>En echelon joints within rocky slopes are highly susceptible to external forces, posing significant threats to slope stability and safety. The dip angles of such joints greatly influence the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the rock mass. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were performed on granite specimens featuring joints with varying dip angles. The process of damage evolution was monitored using acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The following results were derived: All the tested granitic specimens with varying joint configurations exhibited a combination of tensile and shear failures, with tensile fractures accounting for more than 85% of the total fractures. DIC analysis revealed that stress was highly concentrated at the joints, with cracks initiating at the joint tips and propagating along the joint direction until the sample experienced brittle failure. Furthermore, the dip angle of the joints substantially influenced both the peak stress and cumulative AE counts of the samples. In particular, as the dip angle increased from 30° to 60°, the peak stress of the two-joint granite specimens increased by 22.8%, while their cumulative AE counts increased by 45.6%. Meanwhile, for the three-joint granite specimens, the peak stress increased by 37.0%, while the cumulative AE counts increased by 109.7%. Mathematical modeling revealed that peak stress increased exponentially with joint dip angle, while cumulative AE counts rose linearly. The research results enhance the understanding of the failure evolution of en echelon joints in rock mass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind erosion control for aeolian deposits using microbial-induced carbonate precipitation","authors":"Muayad A. Al-Sharrad,&nbsp;Hadeel S. Sulaiman,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Ftaikhan","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04351-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04351-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of surficial microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) treatment on wind erosion control of Samawah aeolian deposits was investigated by laboratory wind tunnel tests. The resilience of the treatment to degradation by moisture and temperature cyclic variations was investigated by performing an accelerated durability test. Several aeolian specimens were MICP treated with a total volume of 2, 1, or 0.5 L/m². The treatment consisted of <i>Bacillus pasteurii</i> bacterial suspension and 0.5M or 0.25M cementation solutions at 1:1 volumetric ratio. The treatment yielded a crust of cemented sand with 0.6–2.1% calcium carbonate and with an average thickness of 8.7–23.5 mm. Analyzing the results of wind tunnel tests with image analysis technique showed that, under the prevailing climatological conditions of Samawah, wind erosion can be efficiently mitigated with the MICP treatment. The treated aeolian showed satisfactory resilience to deterioration by cyclic variation of moisture and temperature, with a limited degradation of the cementation agent at the exposed surfaces. At the surface of the treated specimens, a sporadic transport of the surficial weakly bonded particles took place during the wind erosion test at wind velocities higher than those detected in the untreated aeolian. Qualitatively, the MICP treatment with a total volume of 2 L/m² and cementation solution concentration of 0.5M was the most beneficial treatment with respect to bond strength and depth of improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental research and application of a new no-pillar green coal mining method","authors":"Qiang Fu,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Yubing Gao,&nbsp;Hongxu Song,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Hongyu Jin,&nbsp;Jiarui Tang,&nbsp;Junpeng Zhao,&nbsp;Jianbo Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04329-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04329-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional coal mining methods with pillars have problems such as severe resource wastage, extensive roadway excavation, intensified pressure for mining and development replacement, and ecological damage. To address these issues, a new no-pillar green coal mining method is proposed. This method is explored using the 9101 working face of Xiashanmao Coal Mine as the engineering background. Firstly, the mechanism of this method is revealed through physical model experimental research. The findings of the research indicate that the technique employs directional blasting to disconnect the goaf roof from the roadway roof, segmenting the long cantilever beam above the roadway into shorter segments. Meanwhile, manual control is applied to regulate the height of directional blasting, ensuring the thorough collapse of the goaf roof. The crushing expansion characteristics of gangue are then utilized to fill the goaf, providing support to the roof. The synergistic integration of stress relief and filling collectively contributes to the preservation of the roadway. Furthermore, the new method has achieved good results in surrounding rock stress and deformation control. Subsequently, the accuracy of the model test results is verified through numerical simulation, based on which, an evaluation index is established to select the optimal blasting parameters. Finally, on-site engineering applications are conducted, and monitoring results indicate that the new mining method meets the requirements of surrounding rock control. Simultaneously, it minimizes the need for roadway excavation, mitigates the wastage of coal pillar resources, and attains the objective of safe and environmentally friendly mining practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the slope damage characteristics of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station during the impoundment period","authors":"K. Ma,&nbsp;D. Y. Guo,&nbsp;J. Wu,&nbsp;R. L. Wang,&nbsp;H. L. Huang,&nbsp;S. C. Zhang,&nbsp;G. He","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04257-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The slope stability of hydropower station after impoundment is a major hidden danger affecting the safety and long-term stable operation of high dam structure. In this paper, the stability of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station slope is analyzed by the combination of micro-seismic monitoring technology and finite element method. The temporal and spatial distribution of the micro-seismic activity and the variation of the micro-seismic energy density are studied. The distribution characteristics of micro-cracks in rock mass of right bank slope and the variation law of slope stress under different water levels are analyzed. The intrinsic relationship between slope stress and micro-seismic events is revealed. The results show that: (1) The micro-seismic activity is positively correlated with the water level. (2) The 580 m water level is the sensitive characteristic water level of Xiluodu Hydropower Station. (3) The micro-seismic events of the slope are caused by the change of rock stress. The method of combining the micro-seismic monitoring with the numerical simulation can evaluate the damage of rock mass effectively and predict the potential instability area of the slope. The results of the research are of great significance to the similar underground engineering construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vegetation on hydraulic responses and slope deformation under wetting–drying cycles","authors":"Hong Wei Liu,&nbsp;Yu Xin Wang,&nbsp;Yun Huang,&nbsp;Xiu Feng Fan,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04335-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04335-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large flume model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of vegetation on water infiltration and slope deformation under wetting–drying cycles. In total, two flume model tests were carried out, one was planted with <i>Schefflera heptaphylla</i>, and the other bare slope severed as a reference. Plant characteristics, volumetric water content, matric suction, and surface runoff were well documented. Simultaneously, slope deformation during rainfall was analyzed by Particle Image Velocimetry (<i>PIV</i>) technology. The experimental results showed that the growth rate of plant height increased as light intensity increased. At the initial stages, suctions in the shallow soil layers (i.e. 50 mm) of the vegetated slope were smaller than that of the bare slope. However, the suction in the vegetated slope increased as light intensity increased, particularly in the shallow layer (i.e. 150 mm), where it was about 10 kPa larger than that of the bare slope. In addition, vegetation improved the rainfall infiltration rate, which increased with the number of wetting–drying cycles. Under the same condition, the cumulative rainfall infiltration rate of the vegetated slope was approximately twice that of the bare slope. While, the horizontal and vertical deformation rates of the vegetated slope were lower than those of bare slope, respectively. This indicates that vegetation effectively mitigates slope deformation during extreme rainfall and enhances slope stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological Complexity: a novel index for measuring the relationship between landslide occurrences and geological conditions","authors":"Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Chunhao Wu,&nbsp;Peng Cui,&nbsp;Shujian Yi,&nbsp;Runjie Yuan,&nbsp;Zhenni Jiang,&nbsp;Yusheng Li,&nbsp;Weilin Kong","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04333-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04333-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The types, triggers, and spatial distribution of landslides are closely related to the spatial complexity of geological conditions, which are indispensable factors in landslide susceptibility assessment. However, geological conditions often consider only a single index, leading to underutilization of geological information in assessing landslide hazards. In this research, “Geological Complexity” is proposed as a novel index, consisting of tectonic complexity, lithologic complexity, structural complexity and seismicity, representing the spatial heterogeneity of the materials and structures of geological bodies. The contributions of each complexity component to landslides are quantified using a model that combines the weight of evidence and the analytic hierarchy process and then integrated into the Geological Complexity indicator. The performance of this model was further validated with data from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The results show that the predictive accuracy of Geological Complexity in bedrock-triggered landslide assessment is higher than any individual components and other traditional indicators such as distance to fault and lithology. This suggests that Geological Complexity can more accurately measure the controlling role of geological conditions on the occurrence of landslides than other indices. Selecting multiple geological parameters is more effective than relying on a single parameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TBM performance prediction based on XGBoost models: a case study of the ghomrud water conveyance tunnel (Lots 3 and 4)","authors":"Mohammad Matin Rouhani,&nbsp;Ebrahim Farrokh","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04338-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04338-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessing machine performance is crucial for successful mechanized tunneling projects, particularly when using Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). This study presents an innovative approach to model TBM penetration per revolution (P_rev) by integrating novel metaheuristic algorithms with the XGBoost framework. Key geological (UCS, RMR) and machine (Fn, Fr) parameters were selected based on their impact on Prev. A statistical analysis based on a comprehensive database from various geological sections of the Ghomroud tunnel led to the development of Three empirical models, resulting in R2 values of 0.68, 0.67, and 0.70, respectively. Comparing the empirical models with existing ones based on the Ghomrud database, the quality of the developed models is promised. Building on these findings, the study also implemented a hybrid XGBoost model that integrates six optimization algorithms: traditional methods such as Bayesian Optimization (BO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), alongside the newly developed ones: Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA), Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO), and Geometric Mean Optimization (GMO), to improve Prev predictions. The training dataset yielded R² values between 0.91 and 0.95, while the test dataset produced values ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. Notably, while all algorithms effectively predicted Prev, both PSO and GMO demonstrated superior performance across all evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the empirical models proved effective for initial evaluations. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize a combination of the presented empirical models with PSO/GMO-XGBoost for similar projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological and spatial–temporal characteristics of three-level bridge foundation slope reinforced by BFRP anchors under rainfall conditions: a laboratory flume study","authors":"Hong Wei,&nbsp;Zhigang Tao,&nbsp;Manchao He,&nbsp;Honggang Wu,&nbsp;Kang Feng,&nbsp;Haijun Yu,&nbsp;Hanqian Weng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04339-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04339-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) anchors are increasingly utilized in geotechnical anchoring engineering; however, there remains significant potential for studying the erosion characteristics of the BFRP anchor-slope system under rainfall conditions. This paper investigated the hydrological and spatial–temporal characteristics of three-level bridge foundation slope (TLBFS) reinforced by BFRP anchors through laboratory rainfall experiments. An index (rill density <span>(beta)</span>) was defined to quantify the degree of slope erosion. The experimental setup included a flume measuring 2 m in length, 1.2 m in width, and 1.5 m in height, a uniform rainfall intensity of 20.0 mm/h, and four sensors used for monitoring moisture content <i>V</i>, earth pressure <i>E</i>, anchor dynamometer <i>T</i>, and strain gauge <i>S</i>. The results indicated that the rill densities of third-level and first-level slopes after soil saturation were 2.37% and 0.98%, respectively. However, relying solely on the rill density index may lead to an overestimation of slope stability. Conversely, the high moisture content (25.72%) of the first-level slope correlated with its deformation and failure. It is proposed that the moisture content index can serve as a reliable indicator for evaluating slope stability. A strong correlation existed between moisture content <span>(omega)</span> and erosion amount <span>(delta)</span>, which suggested that real-time monitoring of slope erosion can be conducted using the moisture content index. The damage to TLBFS resulted from the coupling of the internal and external factors, and the specific failure mode was identified as shallow slip. While the flexible reinforcement capabilities of BFRP anchors effectively mitigated slope deformation, but additional engineering measures need to be added to TLBFS. These findings provide valuable insights for soil and water conservation and disaster prevention in multi-level slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}