{"title":"Space-air-ground-interior integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures: A case study in the Heifangtai terrace, Northwest China","authors":"Yueqiao Yang, Jiewei Zhan, Jianqi Zhuang, Wu Zhu, Jianbing Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04493-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an important landslide precursor, the identification of landslide fissures has received increasing attention. In this study, comprehensive remote sensing, ground survey methods and integrated geophysical methods were integrated to propose a “space-air-ground-interior” integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures from regional to individual scales. Moreover, a demonstration study was conducted in Heifangtai Terrace, which is known as the laboratory of loess landslides. First, combining the visual interpretation of optical images and time-series InSAR technology from the satellite platform, fissure development and retrogressive failure behavior of landslide in the Moshi gully section were identified as the most significant. In addition, the ground differential subsidence gradient in this section indicated active landslide behavior. Then, unmanned aerial vehicle platform equipped with optical, LiDAR, and infrared thermal imaging sensors provided three-dimensional quantitative indices of the landslide fissures. For specific individual landslides, the spatial distributions of individual landslide fissures and the corresponding quantitative indices were checked and cataloged via ground surveys. Finally, electrical resistivity tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves further revealed internal fissures and stratigraphic discontinuities within individual landslides. Based on the Heifangtai Terrace multiperiod landslide fissure cataloging database constructed with the proposed integrated mapping framework, the spatial‒temporal evolution patterns between loess landslides and fissure development, as well as the signs of landslide precursors, were clarified. The demonstration study shows that the integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures with multiplatform and multisource data can offer empirical guidance for early detection and monitoring systems for potential catastrophic landslides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-025-04493-8","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
As an important landslide precursor, the identification of landslide fissures has received increasing attention. In this study, comprehensive remote sensing, ground survey methods and integrated geophysical methods were integrated to propose a “space-air-ground-interior” integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures from regional to individual scales. Moreover, a demonstration study was conducted in Heifangtai Terrace, which is known as the laboratory of loess landslides. First, combining the visual interpretation of optical images and time-series InSAR technology from the satellite platform, fissure development and retrogressive failure behavior of landslide in the Moshi gully section were identified as the most significant. In addition, the ground differential subsidence gradient in this section indicated active landslide behavior. Then, unmanned aerial vehicle platform equipped with optical, LiDAR, and infrared thermal imaging sensors provided three-dimensional quantitative indices of the landslide fissures. For specific individual landslides, the spatial distributions of individual landslide fissures and the corresponding quantitative indices were checked and cataloged via ground surveys. Finally, electrical resistivity tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves further revealed internal fissures and stratigraphic discontinuities within individual landslides. Based on the Heifangtai Terrace multiperiod landslide fissure cataloging database constructed with the proposed integrated mapping framework, the spatial‒temporal evolution patterns between loess landslides and fissure development, as well as the signs of landslide precursors, were clarified. The demonstration study shows that the integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures with multiplatform and multisource data can offer empirical guidance for early detection and monitoring systems for potential catastrophic landslides.
期刊介绍：
Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces:
• the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations;
• the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change;
• the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses;
• the prediction of changes to the above properties with time;
• the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.
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