Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Novel phosphorus-containing polyborosiloxane synergistic fireproof layer: A multifunctional emergency barrier for building window fire protection","authors":"Fukai Chu,&nbsp;Yandong Hu,&nbsp;Yanbei Hou,&nbsp;Weiyi Xing,&nbsp;Weizhao Hu,&nbsp;Lei Song,&nbsp;Yuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building windows, as vulnerable areas in the wildland-urban interface fires and building facade fires, often crack due to external flames, leading to fire spread indoors and significant loss of life and property. Thus, a multifunctional fire-resistant adhesive layer (PAMSPB) was designed, integrating siloxane, phosphate, ammonium, and borate structures, and combined with SiO₂ aerogel felt to create an emergency fire-resistant curtain. Results show PAMSPB exhibits excellent thermal stability and high-temperature charring capacity, with a T_1 % (temperature at 1 wt% weight loss) of 277 ℃, 176 ℃ and 131 ℃ higher than PAMS and PAMSP, respectively. Its char residue at 800 ℃ reaches 37.57 wt%, significantly higher than PAMS (1.17 wt%). In fire-resistance tests, the composite curtain drastically reduces the backside temperature of glass, effectively preventing cracking and flame penetration. Compared to pure aerogel felt, which burns through, PAMSPB maintains the structural integrity of the aerogel felt and reduces the backside temperature by 310 ℃. Mechanistic analysis reveals that outer PAMSPB layer forms a dense, high-temperature ceramicized char under flame impact, enhancing fire resistance and thermal insulation. The inner layer tightly adheres to glass surface under high-temperature exposure, ensuring curtain remains securely attached during fires. The unique elemental composition and high-temperature reaction mechanisms (inert gases to dilute combustibles, inorganic barriers) not only delay flame spread but also provide critical protection through multilayer synergy. The outer layer blocks high-temperature heat flow, while inner layer suppresses thermal stress accumulation. This creates an efficient fire barrier for building windows, preventing fire spread and reducing disaster losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical-chemical characterization and application research of copper tailings with wet-grinding activation for use as supplementary cementitious material","authors":"Zhengqi Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongbo Tan ,&nbsp;Xingyang He ,&nbsp;Ying Su ,&nbsp;Yingbin Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Yubo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the background that the severe environmental burden is caused by large amount of discharged wet copper tailings and the need to reduce carbon footprint in cement-related industry becomes increasingly urgent. This paper sought to evaluate the viability of applying wet grinding to treat wet copper tailings for preparing slurry supplementary cementitious material and to investigate the effects of wet-grinding copper tailings as partially replaced with cement on properties of cement paste. The experimental results revealed that the refinement of copper tailings was significantly facilitated by wet grinding and after 20 min of process, its median particle size decreased from 9.61 μm to 4.49 μm. The zeta potential of wet-grinding copper tailings was negative between −19.8 mV and −30.2 mV, and as the particle size reduced, the absolute value thereof increased. Furthermore, its slurry behaved like modified Bingham fluids. Wet-grinding copper tailings enhanced the early hydration of cement composite materials particularly within 12 h. When the incorporation amount of wet-grinding copper tailings was 20 %, the compressive strength at 28 d was 50.9 MPa, conspicuously higher than 44.2 MPa of the pure cement group at the same age. Wet grinding, as a novel and reliable method of treating wet copper tailings, had excellent environmental and economic benefits which was anticipated to be capable of resolving the dilemmas of the copper mining industry and the cement-related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142077"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glass aggregate particle size on CO2 curing effectiveness in suppressing alkali-silica reaction","authors":"Jinxin Wei ,&nbsp;Yingting Wang ,&nbsp;Kim Hung Mo ,&nbsp;Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Baojian Zhan ,&nbsp;Tung-Chai Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive application of glass aggregate (GA) in cementitious materials is limited due to the potential alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Although CO₂ curing has been demonstrated as an effective approach to mitigate ASR expansion, the potential pozzolanic reaction in smaller aggregates may change the effectiveness of CO₂ curing due to their competition with carbonation for portlandite and the change of microstructures. This study investigates the ASR expansion, compressive strength, and microstructure of mortars containing GA with different particle sizes (0.6–1.18 mm, 1.18–2.36 mm, 2.36–4.75 mm, and 0.15–4.75 mm) following CO₂ curing. Results showed that 3-day CO₂ curing suppressed 14-day ASR expansion of all mortars to below 0.01 %, indicating that the effectiveness of CO₂ curing was independent of GA particle size. However, microstructural analysis revealed that mortars with GA particles smaller than 1.18 mm exhibited enhanced formation of ASR gel with higher Ca/Si ratios due to the increased amount of surface sites for reaction. Meanwhile, a transfer of the ASR gel, which had formed in the cracks inside the GA, to the GA surface under CO₂ curing was observed. Furthermore, ASR gel formed on GA surface showed different characteristics from that formed inside GA cracks, as it not only prevented crack propagation but also improved mechanical properties by enhancing the interfacial transition zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of high temperature performance of asphalt mastic sealing layer for hydraulic engineering","authors":"Chuanqi Yan ,&nbsp;Kun Long ,&nbsp;Chi Huang ,&nbsp;Guoan Gan ,&nbsp;Mingfu Dang ,&nbsp;Changfa Ai ,&nbsp;Shengxiong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ramp flow behavior of hydraulic asphalt mastic at high temperatures is critical to its stability and waterproofing performance in hydraulic structures. However, existing test methods lack quantitative indicators, making accurate high-temperature performance assessment challenging. This study aims to predict the high-temperature performance of hydraulic asphalt mastic based on established asphalt performance indicators. Various hydraulic and modified asphalts were tested for high-temperature properties, including the creep recovery rates (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3.2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), non-recoverable creep compliance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Jnr</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Jnr</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3.2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), high-temperature Superpave Performance Grading (PG), complex modulus (G*), phase angel (δ), the rutting factor (G*/sinδ), zero shear viscosity (ZSV), and Brookfield viscosity at 135°C and 175°C. A Monte Carlo simulation combined with Grey Relational Analysis was proposed to examine the correlation between these parameters and the slope flow temperature (SFT) and root mean square (RMS) of surface changes derived from 3D modeling. Results indicate that asphalt type and filler content are key factors influencing the high-temperature performance of asphalt mastic. Brookfield viscosity and high-temperature PG show strong correlations with slope flow resistance, with correlation coefficients close to 0.8. In particular, Brookfield viscosity at 135 °C achieved an average predictive accuracy of 0.82 for both SFT and RMS, demonstrating its effectiveness in evaluating slope flow behavior. ZSV exhibits stable prediction performance and the experimental principle has clear similarities with slope flow, further supporting its use as a reliable high temperature indicator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142183"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the compressive mechanical behavior and constitutive model of basalt fiber reinforced coral concrete","authors":"Wei Shao ,&nbsp;Rong Cao ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Danda Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coral concrete characterized by the high porosity and brittleness of its aggregates, exhibits suboptimal mechanical properties. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced coral concrete (BFRCC) under uniaxial compression. Ten groups of specimens, incorporating different fiber lengths and volume fractions, were subjected to compressive testing. A comparative analysis was conducted on the mechanical properties including compressive failure pattern, peak stress, peak strain, ultimate strain, and elastic modulus. The deformation and crack propagation processes of specimens were investigated using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology. Based on experimental findings, a modified constitutive equation was proposed. Furthermore, the microstructure of BFRCC was characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), providing insights into the reinforcing mechanism of basalt fibers. The results show that basalt fiber incorporation modifies the failure characteristics of coral concrete while substantially improving its mechanical performance. Through physical filling effects and interfacial bonding mechanisms, basalt fibers optimize the matrix pore structure, thereby delaying strain localization and enhancing both ductility and crack resistance. The developed constitutive model demonstrates reliable predictive accuracy for the stress-strain behavior of BFRCC. This study provides crucial theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for mechanical characterization and performance enhancement in fiber-reinforced coral concrete systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142284"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the electrothermal properties of carbon fibre-geopolymer by high-temperature treatment","authors":"Yajun Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Du,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Yuhui Yuan,&nbsp;Da Yu,&nbsp;Fei Teng,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang,&nbsp;Weixin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contrast to increasing conductive fillers, this paper proposed a new treatment method to improve the electrothermal properties of carbon fibre-geopolymer (CG) by high-temperature treatment. The effects of carbon fibre content (0–2.0 wt%) and applied voltage (9–20 V) on the electrothermal properties of CG before and after 400 ℃ were investigated. The electrical conductivity, microstructure and compressive strength were also tested. Compared to the untreated CG2.0, CG2.0 after high-temperature treatment exhibited a 78 % reduction in impedance modulus and a 59 % decrease in DC resistance. The electrothermal temperature increased by more than 50 % and remained stable over multiple cycles, reaching a maximum temperature of 350 °C. Electrothermal temperature prediction model for carbon fibre-geopolymer after high-temperature treatment was established and the theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results. This paper also proposed an explanation for the improvement mechanism of the electrothermal properties of geopolymer with high carbon fibre content, namely that the shrinkage of the gel due to the high-temperature treatment created more conductive pathways for the carbon fibre. Due to its high electrothermal temperature and excellent cyclic stability, carbon fibre-geopolymer after high-temperature treatment has potential applications in smart infrastructure, such as road de-icing and building temperature control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142114"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative uniform dispersion technology and performance enhancement of SiO2 aerogel-reinforced EPS super-insulation panels for exterior wall","authors":"Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Yuang Li ,&nbsp;Wenhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruixing Chen ,&nbsp;Yunsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the prevailing challenge in the construction industry, where achieving both high thermal insulation and fire resistance simultaneously remains elusive, this study introduces SiO₂ aerogel as a means to enhance the thermal insulation properties of exterior insulation materials. A novel approach for the uniform dispersion of SiO₂ aerogels within inorganic cementitious matrices is presented. It was observed that when the cellulose ether content was maintained below 0.06 %, high-speed stirring exhibited a notable dispersion effect. The incorporation of cellulose ether markedly enhanced the dispersion uniformity of SiO₂ aerogel in aqueous solutions, while the addition of a surfactant effectively mitigated SiO₂ aerogel agglomeration.</div><div>Subsequently, an investigation into the mechanical and rheological attributes of cement-based composites with highly dispersed SiO₂ aerogels was conducted. As the SiO₂ aerogel content increased, the thermal conductivity of these composites progressively decreased, ultimately reaching a minimum value of 0.1517 W/m·K—representing a 73.7 % reduction compared to conventional cement-based materials.</div><div>Finally, a fabrication process for highly insulating homogeneous panels was developed. The thermal conductivity of these TEPS (Thermal insulation External Panel System) homogeneous panels also exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SiO₂ aerogel content, reaching a nadir of 0.04117 W/m·K. This translated into a 23.1 % improvement in thermal insulation performance over standard TEPS homogeneous panels. This innovative super-insulating material marks a significant advancement in the exploration of building materials, paving new avenues for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on corrosion damage and load amplitude prediction of bridge steel via MMM detection technology and GA-BPNN","authors":"Junyi Song,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Sanqing Su,&nbsp;Xinwei Liu,&nbsp;Feng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to address the challenge pertaining to the evaluation of bridge steel plates under corrosive conditions by integrating metal magnetic memory (MMM) detection technology with a genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network (GA-BPNN) to predict quantitatively the corrosion damage and load amplitudes of bridge steel plates. Bridge steel plates with different corrosion defects were obtained using electrochemically accelerated corrosion tests, and MMM signal detection was conducted under uniaxial tensile conditions to study the influences of corrosion defects and tensile loads on MMM signals. A stress-related force-magnetic coupling magnetic charge model considering end effects under weak magnetic conditions was proposed to analyze the effects of corrosion depth, width, and stress on MMM signals. Finally, by constructing a GA-BPNN model and integrating nine types of magnetic signal characteristic parameters, quantitative predictions of the corrosion defects and load amplitude were performed. The results indicate that the constructed model can accurately predict the corrosion depth, width, and load amplitude, with R² values of 0.911, 0.980, and 0.903, respectively, for the test set. This study offers a novel solution for bridge health monitoring and quantitative evaluation of corrosion damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) containing reclaimed asphalt (RA) and biopolymer lignin","authors":"Rolands Izaks ,&nbsp;Arturs Riekstins ,&nbsp;Viktors Haritonovs ,&nbsp;Jevgenija Ponomarenko ,&nbsp;Alexandr Arshanitsa ,&nbsp;Raivis Sparans","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce environmental impact, it is necessary to replace fossil-based materials with renewable bio-based materials. The interest in using lignin as partial replacement for bitumen has significantly grown over the recent years. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer surpassed only by cellulose and it’s the byproduct of several industries. Moreover, the use of reclaimed asphalt (RA) in asphalt mixtures reduces the environmental impact associated with a decrease in the consumption of virgin and nonrenewable materials. Although most agencies allow RA to be used in many asphalt mixture types, it has not been common to use of RA in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. This study evaluates the performance of SMA mixtures incorporating 30 % reclaimed asphalt (RA) and partially replacing 30 % of the virgin bitumen with biopolymer lignin. It includes a comprehensive analysis of hydrolysis lignin, kraft lignin, and lignosulfonate along with extracted binder testing and performance testing of asphalt mixtures. Lignin analysis revealed substantial differences in purity and composition, highlighting the unsuitability of lignosulfonate for asphalt applications due to its high sulfur and ash content. Binder testing showed that binder with hydrolysis lignin performs similarly to the reference polymer-modified binder while kraft lignin increases hardness and reduces low-temperature properties and elasticity. Performance testing indicates that SMA mixtures with 30 % RA can achieve results comparable to reference mixtures when a recycling agent is used. SMA mixture with hydrolysis lignin demonstrates superior performance over kraft lignin, particularly in terms of flexibility, low-temperature cracking resistance, and fatigue resistance. The study also shows that asphalt mixtures containing RA and hydrolysis lignin can be successfully recycled without performance issues if the reduced polymer content in the RA is properly compensated. The use of RA and hydrolysis lignin in SMA proves to be a promising and sustainable solution for producing high-performance SMA mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142261"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable valorization of tailings and crushed stone wastes for novel high early-strength road-building material (HERM): Performance optimization, micro-mechanism, and field implementation","authors":"Tianhua Wu ,&nbsp;Yongtao Gao ,&nbsp;Changfu Huang ,&nbsp;Maowei Ji ,&nbsp;Aibin Jin ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient reuse of gold mine tailings and crushed stone waste is a critical step toward sustainable mining practices. In this study, a novel high early-strength road-building material (HERM), comprising gold mine tailings, crushed stone, and cementitious materials derived from solid waste, is formulated for mine roadway pavements. A systematic investigation is conducted into the effects of varying compositions on the uniaxial compressive and flexural strengths (UCS and UFS) of the HERM, with the formulation optimization carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal mix design is determined with a water–binder ratio (W:B) of 0.288, a binder–aggregate ratio (B:A) of 1:1.290, and a tailings–crushed stone ratio (T:C) of 0.596. At just one day of curing, the optimized HERM achieves a UCS of 46.196 MPa and a UFS of 13.800 MPa, which confirm its excellent early strength performance. The strength mechanism is further elucidated by XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and TG-DTG analyses, which reveals that early strength development is primarily attributed to the formation of AFt gels, along with C–S–H and Ca(OH)₂. An in-situ road construction trial is successfully executed at the Sizhuang Branch Mine, where the material enables the restoration of full pedestrian and vehicle traffic within 24 h of placement. These results highlight the practical viability of the proposed HERM and its value in promoting low-carbon, resource-efficient mining infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 142223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}