Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Acoustic emission response precursor characterization of cemented tailings backfill at different loading rates","authors":"Kang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yichen Shi ,&nbsp;Yajing Yan ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the increase in mining depth and the difference in the advancement speed of the mining face, the mechanical properties of the cemented tailings backfill in the mining void are often affected by a number of factors, such as complex ground stresses and violent mining disturbances. In this paper, the uniaxial compression and acoustic emission(AE) monitoring tests on the tailing sand cemented fill were carried out to analyze the characteristics of the differences in the variation of AE ring counts, acoustic emission energy, RA-AF, R value and <em>b</em> value under different loading rates. The results show that with the increase of loading rate, the AE ringing counts and AE energy are in a decreasing trend as a whole, and the evolution process can be divided into four phases, in which the proportion of events in the III and IV is significantly increased; There are obvious differences in the evolution of RA and AF parameters at different loading rates, but the specimens are all damaged mainly by tensile cracking, and it is noteworthy that the proportion of shear cracking increases significantly with the increase of loading rate; Under different loading rates, the trends of R value and b value are basically the same, showing an increase at the beginning of loading, while in the plastic deformation stage, R value decreases abruptly and then tends to stabilize, and the <em>b</em> value decreases and reaches the minimum in this stage, and then rebounds and fluctuates; the R value of the plastic deformation stage is the same as the <em>b</em> value of the plastic deformation stage. With the increase of loading rate, the sudden change points of R and <em>b</em> values are gradually close to the peak stress point, and the sudden change phenomena of R and <em>b</em> values can be used as the precursor response characteristics of the specimen to occur macroscopic damage. The research content of this paper has a scientific basis for the destabilization damage of mining engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, fabrication, and laboratory performance evaluation of polyurethane poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) mixtures","authors":"Yingyong Zheng ,&nbsp;Sen Han ,&nbsp;Huayu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) demonstrate convincing noise reduction capabilities but face challenges from the lack of corresponding design methods and mixture rebound caused by incorporating high-content rubber particles. This study aims to optimize the material composition and mixture design of PERS using the Coarse Aggregate Void-Filling (CAVF) method, focusing on the effects of rubber particle content, rubber particle size, and stone aggregate size on the performance and noise reduction characteristics of PERS. A total of 24 single-particle-size polyurethane porous elastic mixtures were designed with varying rubber particle contents (15–30 wt%), rubber particle sizes (2–3 mm, 3–4 mm, 4–5 mm), and stone aggregate sizes (4.75–7.5 mm, 7.5–9.5 mm). The initial curing characteristics of polyurethane were evaluated using a Brookfield viscometer and extrusion quality tests. The optimal molding time window was determined through Marshall specimen height tests and 15℃ splitting tests. The road performance and noise reduction properties of PERS were assessed using Cantabro loss test, high-temperature rutting test, low-temperature bending test, Marshall stability tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests and tire vertical drop test. The optimal molding time window for PERS was found to be between 40 and 50 min after polyurethane curing, balancing mechanical performance and minimizing rebound. PERS exhibited excellent raveling resistance performance (weight loss &lt; 8 %), outstanding rutting resistance (rut depths &lt; 1 mm) and notable low-temperature flexibility (bending strain &gt;7927.5 με). Marshall residual stability and freeze-thaw splitting strength decreased with increasing rubber particle size, increased with larger aggregate sizes, and decreased with higher rubber content. Compared to AC13 mixtures, PERS showed a significant increase in damping ratio (up to 242 %) and noise reduction (up to 10.7 dB(A)). This study provides new insights into the material composition and mixture design of PERS, serving as useful references for the promotion and application of PERS pavement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141030"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental and numerical investigation of influencing factors of gravel vibratory compaction","authors":"Zhenxing Liu ,&nbsp;Chengzhou Fan ,&nbsp;Yintong Min ,&nbsp;Chun Liu ,&nbsp;Shiguo Li ,&nbsp;Yanxia Li ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibration compaction is an effective method for improving sand foundations. To investigate the influence of vibration parameters and gravel gradation on vibratory compaction, a series of vibratory compaction tests with different vibration parameters and gravel gradations were carried out. A three-dimensional vibratory compaction simulator based on the discrete element software MatDEM was established. The effects of vibration frequency, nominal amplitude, and friction coefficient on final porosity were investigated. The results indicate that the vibration compaction effect is mainly determined by static pressure and excitation force, with the excitation force being the primary factor. The wider the gradation of the specimen, the lower the porosity. The lowest porosity is achieved at the vibration frequencies between 20 and 30 Hz, close to the resonance frequency. The porosity decreases with increasing amplitude in the range of 0.6–2 mm, associated with an increase in the compaction work. The vibration compaction effect is influenced by both friction coefficient and static pressure. When the friction coefficient is low, the porosity decreases with increasing static pressure. However, when the friction coefficient is great, a high static pressure produces large friction forces between particles, resulting in a greater porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and performance evaluation of asphalt mastics modified with recycled concrete powder","authors":"Huixia Li ,&nbsp;Yan Liang ,&nbsp;Yanke Yang ,&nbsp;Yunjie Xia ,&nbsp;Xiangbing Xie ,&nbsp;Zhengtao He","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the feasibility of using recycled concrete powder (RCP) as an alternative to limestone powder (LP) in asphalt mastic fillers, addressing construction waste management challenges while promoting sustainable development of asphalt pavements. Through multidimensional research incorporating microscopic characterization, performance evaluation, and mechanism analysis, the study systematically examined the effects of RCP on asphalt mastic properties. Results showed that RCP exhibited rough surface texture and high specific surface area, while its elevated MgO content enhanced the asphalt-filler interfacial interaction. The incorporation of RCP improved the high-temperature stability and deformation resistance of asphalt mastic, although performance declined when the replacement ratio exceeded 75 %. Rheological tests and fatigue analysis revealed that RCP50 and RCP75 blends demonstrated optimal comprehensive performance. Grey relational analysis identified correlations between filler characteristics and mastic properties, showing that J_nr(diff) values were significantly associated with MgO content and RCP dosage. Multi-criteria evaluation based on the entropy method suggested an optimal RCP replacement ratio of 50–75 %. This study provides new insights and theoretical foundation for the utilization of construction waste and enhancement of asphalt pavement performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CeO2 doping on the sintering properties and molten slag corrosion resistance of MgO-MgAl2O4 refractory materials","authors":"Wenyu Zan,&nbsp;Beiyue Ma,&nbsp;Jianhuai Tang,&nbsp;Jialong Tian,&nbsp;Ruiqi Cao,&nbsp;Zhangyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline slag plays a crucial role in the vacuum refining process, making it essential to study the wetting and penetration mechanisms between refractory materials and slag. This study investigates the effect of CeO₂ doping on the sintering behavior of MgO-MgAl₂O₄ refractories and their resistance to alkaline slag corrosion in a simulated vacuum induction furnace. The results show that CeO₂ doping (0–3 wt%) slightly increases the lattice parameters and interplanar spacing of MgAl₂O₄ and MgO, leading to lattice expansion, higher lattice defect concentration, and enhanced sintering. The bulk density increased from 2.85 g·cm⁻³ to 3.25 g·cm⁻³, apparent porosity decreased from 18.25 % to 15.66 %, compressive strength rose from 166.24 MPa to 184.97 MPa, and the residual strength ratio after thermal shock improved from 87.60 % to 90.48 %. Regarding the slag-refractory interface, CeO₂ doping increased the interfacial free energy between slag and refractory at the wetting temperature range of 1380–1450 °C. The spreading coefficient of molten slag gradually decreased, and the equilibrium contact angle and residual slag volume increased. At high temperatures, chemical reactions at the interface formed low-melting-point (CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂) liquid phases and high-melting-point phases (such as 2CaO·SiO₂ and 2MgO·SiO₂). The low-melting-point phases promoted slag penetration, while the high-melting-point phases hindered it. CeO₂ doping facilitated the formation of sintering necks between MgAl₂O₄ and MgO grains, both on the surface and inside the refractory, inhibiting further slag penetration. The corrosion depth at the interface decreased from 102.63 μm to 51.18 μm, significantly improving the alkaline slag corrosion resistance of MgO-MgAl₂O₄ refractory materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141079"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on damage quantitative evaluation of laminated bamboo lumber under realistic fire exposure","authors":"Yongwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hengwei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaopin Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Wan ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Ou ,&nbsp;Weibin Ni ,&nbsp;Keqian Ji ,&nbsp;Zhijian Zou ,&nbsp;Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a green and low-carbon building material, bamboo meets the sustainable development needs of the construction industry. However, there is still limited research on the fire resistance of bamboo, especially under realistic fire exposure. In this paper, the fire behavior of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) under two types of realistic fires, the EN 1991–1–2 parametric fires and travelling fires, exposures was investigated, and the relationship between the energy equivalence of imported the LBL specimens and their fire damage equivalence under two types of realistic and standard fires was examined. The results show that if the energy transmitted into the LBL specimens is equivalent, the damage degree of the specimens is also equivalent, thus confirming the validity of the energy equivalence method (EEM) for the LBL, and realizing the transformation of the fire damage evaluation of realistic fires to the one of standard fires. On this basis, the fire performance of the LBL under standard fire was analyzed, and the values of charring rate and charring line temperature of the LBL were determined. Further, the temperature distribution model of pyrolysis region was established, and the calculation model of zero-strength layer (ZSL) thickness considering the fire exposure time, charring rate, fire condition and force condition was proposed. In this way, the quantitative assessment of the LBL damage using the effective cross-section method (ECSM) was realized, and the ECSM was effectively applied in the fire-resistant design of bamboo structures. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the fire-resistant design of bamboo structures, which can help to improve the fire safety of bamboo structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of microbial foaming agent in gel foam to prevent coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Jin-Di Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Ming Hu ,&nbsp;Wei-Min Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan-Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Yue Feng ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wen-Qi Shao ,&nbsp;Zhi-Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng-Shuai Sun ,&nbsp;Qian-Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problem that coal in goaf is prone to spontaneous combustion when contacting with oxygen, a new type of gel foam based on microbial foaming agent was proposed. The effect of glutamic acid (GLU) on microbial foaming performance was studied through foaming height, half-life, and dynamic evolution of bubbles. The results showed that GLU could improve the foaming performance of microorganisms, and the stability of foam increased with the increase of GLU concentration. When the GLU concentration was 20 g/L, the half-life of foam reached the maximum of 4.01 h. The mechanism of microbial foaming was explored using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). It was found that the microorganism surfaces showed negative charges and were able to produce various small molecules and peptides during growth, generating more hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to promote the foaming of microbial solutions. Besides, GLU could also promote the generation of metabolites, which was beneficial for foaming. At the same time, the prepared microbial gel foam could also delay the generation of CO, promote the release of CO₂, and show good flame retardancy. The new microbial gel foam can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141097"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precalcination-modified lead-zinc tailings for supersulfated cement production: Insights into phase assemblages, microstructure, and mechanical properties","authors":"Zhongtao Luo ,&nbsp;Mengxiao Ge ,&nbsp;Jiahui Ou ,&nbsp;Xiaohai Liu ,&nbsp;Yuandong Mu ,&nbsp;Wensheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Ye ,&nbsp;Maoliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingkang Gao ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Xinhong Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead-zinc tailings (LZTs), a byproduct of lead-zinc ore beneficiation, present significant environmental challenges due to their large volume and heavy metal content. This study investigated the potential of LZTs as an activator for granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in the preparation of supersulfated cement (SSC) through precalcination at varying temperatures. The effects of precalcination on the composition and structural characteristics of LZTs were analyzed using XRD, TGA, and SEM. The hydration behavior and microstructure of the resulting SSC were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, and MIP. The results indicated that precalcination of LZTs transformed pyrite and dolomite into Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, and CaSO₄, with maximum CaSO₄ levels achieved at 800 ℃. The resulting CaSO₄ and basic oxides served as sulfate and alkaline activators for SSC. Compressive strength tests demonstrated that GBFS was effectively activated by LZTs precalcined at temperatures between 500 and 1000 ℃ for 1 hour. SSC paste samples with a precalcined-LZTs/GBFS ratio of 2:8 achieved optimal strength exceeding 25 MPa after 90 d. The primary hydration products were AFt and C-S-H gel, which interwove to densify the microstructure of the hardened slurry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141076"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and performance investigation of surface modification synergistic warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt","authors":"Mengkai Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi He ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Duoxuan Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Fang ,&nbsp;Dingbang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of warm mix flame retardant on the road performance of asphalt is the main problem in the practical application of warm mix flame retardant. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively consider the physical performance and flame retardant performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt, and to weaken the influence of warm mix flame retardant on asphalt pavement performance by multi-objective optimization of warm mix flame retardant formula. In this research, the single factor test was firstly carried out on the flame retardant asphalt with different flame retardant content to preliminarily determine the flame retardant content. Secondly, different synergistic flame retardant formulations were designed by orthogonal test, and their physical performance and flame retardant performance were evaluated. Then, the multi-objective optimization of different synergistic flame retardants was carried out by combining fuzzy mathematics and entropy weight method, and the best formula was determined. After that, the optimum dosage of warm mix agent was determined by surface activity test and variable temperature compaction test. Finally, the basic physical performance, flame retardancy, rheological performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt and the road performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt mixture were evaluated to explore the influence of warm mix flame retardant on asphalt performance. The results illustrated that the best formula of synergistic flame retardant in warm mix flame retardant was TiO₂-SO₄: ATH: APP = 2: 3: 5, and the best dosage of warm mix agent was 30 % of the mass of flame retardant (CFR). Compared with the synergistic flame retardant (SFR), the influence of surface modified warm mix flame retardant (MSFR) on the deterioration of low temperature performance of SBS modified asphalt and asphalt mixture was improved. At the same time, CFR, SFR and MSFR all improved the high temperature performance of SBS asphalt and asphalt mixture. In addition, the improvement of MSFR on the static and dynamic flame retardancy of SBS modified asphalt was better than that of CFR and SFR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141021"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of time-dependent rheology for improved quality control of 3D printed cementitious structures","authors":"Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Qingxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Abir Al-Tabbaa,&nbsp;Ronan Daly","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing of cementitious materials is gaining momentum as a method of construction across length scales, from patterned coatings to full-scale structures. The technology also enables cutting-edge research in hierarchical architectures and in carbon storage applications. Cement-based material printing faces challenges because colloidal flocculation and hydration reactions transition the material from a printable fluid to a solid over time. This drives continuous changes in material printability and can lead to unpredictable macroscopic properties. It is therefore critical to give manufacturers quality control metrics that will link their cement-based formulations to the macroscopic properties of the final printed products. Here, we report a first step to progress this with a small-scale cement paste extrusion printing study. We examine the cement paste rheological properties that link closely to flows experienced during printing, quantify the changes over time and show how these influence changes in extrusion pressure and filament cross-sectional morphology. We then use numerical simulations to help understand these experimentally observed changes. We observe a time when both the cement paste’s static yield stress and the extrusion pressure suddenly increase, coinciding with a change in filament morphology. Importantly, this change in printing behaviour occurs at approximately half the Open Time, the conventionally defined metric for printability and we observe a 29 % reduction in the interlayer contact area between filaments, which can increase macroporosity and drive down load-bearing capacity. This allows us to define ‘print quality assurance time’, a metric that takes into account the dynamic nature of cementitious materials to ensure predictable mesostructures and in turn controlled macroscopic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140873"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}