Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Concrete mix design: Optimizing recycled asphalt pavement in Portland cement concrete","authors":"Jirayut Suebsuk ,&nbsp;Suksun Horpibulsuk ,&nbsp;Veena Phunpeng ,&nbsp;Panupong Panpipat ,&nbsp;Komkorn Chaidachatorn ,&nbsp;Wunchock Kroehong ,&nbsp;Rattapon Somna","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contemporary construction projects, there is a growing trend towards incorporating Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) into Portland Cement Concrete (PCC). However, a significant challenge lies in formulating the mixture to achieve the desired strength for practical applications. This study delves into the influence of RAP on formulation of PCC mixtures. Conventional aggregates were systematically substituted with RAP at proportions of 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % relative to the overall weight of the mixture. The study comprehensively analyzed various parameters throughout both the initial and solidified phases, encompassing modulus of elasticity, unit weight, workability, and compressive strength. The efficacy of PCC incorporating RAP can be standardized through the application of an extended water/cement ratio approach. Moreover, the key factors influencing the strength development of PCC containing RAP were identified as the residual water content after hardening (<em>w</em>_<em>u</em>) and the asphalt fraction weight percentage in the aggregate mixture (<em>θ</em>_<em>AS</em>). A straightforward and precise technique for designing the strength of PCC using RAP was suggested. This document presents the design criteria and suggestions for using PCC including RAP. The outcomes offer crucial insights regarding the utilization of RAP as a greener material in PCC applications on a substantial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139180"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perforated cenospheres used to enhance the engineering performance of high-performance cement-slag-limestone ternary binder","authors":"Gui-Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingquan Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Zheng ,&nbsp;Zenian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slag-limestone-cement ternary mixed binder is a new type of cementitious material. There are 1137 published literatures on this new type of cementitious material in the Scopus database, but so far, no papers have been published on the research of reactive internal curing of this new type of cementitious material. One kind of fly ash is called a cenosphere with a very thin outer shell and a hollow center. Cenospheres generate pores through chemical etching, thereby achieving the effect of self-curing. This article conducted multiple experimental studies to ascertain the impact of perforated cenospheres regarding the execution of cement-slag-limestone binder. The mixture samples with different dosage of perforated cenospheres and cenospheres are numbered C0 (control group), P3.3 (content of perforated cenospheres in the binder is 3.3 %), P6.6 (content of perforated cenospheres in the binder is 6.6 %), and C6.6 (content of perforated cenospheres in the binder is 6.6 %). Based on the results of autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength, perforated cenospheres as an internal curing agent not only reduces the autogenous shrinkage of cement-slag-limestone concrete, but also avoids a significant decrease in strength of cement-slag-limestone concrete. In fact, because of volcanic ash reactivity of advanced cenospheres and the internal curing effect, the compressive strength of P3.3 mixed mortar increased by 0.7 and 4 MPa compared to C0 mixed mortar at 7 and 28 days of age, achieving a dual effect of reducing shrinkage and improving strength. Secondly, the experimental results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that perforated cenospheres can undergo volcanic ash reaction with calcium hydroxide. The scanning electron microscope images indicate that the P3.3 and P6.6 mixed paste with added perforated cenospheres exhibit better and denser bonding between the perforated cenospheres and the matrix. In summary, the microscopic reactions of perforated cenospheres can enhance concrete's macroscopic qualities, which can be utilized as reactive internal curing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic splitting tensile properties of crumb rubber modified ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composites (UHP-ECC)","authors":"Huzi Ye ,&nbsp;Jinlong Pan ,&nbsp;Binrong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuanzheng Lin ,&nbsp;Jingming Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composites (UHP-ECC) have been extensively researched as a promising material to evaluate their mechanical properties under quasi-static loads. However, further comprehensive research is necessary on their dynamic mechanical response at high strain rates. This paper systematically investigates the dynamic tensile mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of rubber-modified UHP-ECC. Dynamic mechanical tests were conducted using a split hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to obtain crucial dynamic mechanical parameters, including dynamic splitting tensile stress, dynamic increase factor (DIF), and energy absorption capacity for different UHP-ECC samples. It was observed that CR acts as pseudo-pores, enhancing the deformation capacity of the specimens at high strain rates. At high strain rates, CR reduces the stiffness of the matrix and the bond strength of the fibres, making a 5 % CR content more beneficial for improving the splitting toughness and energy absorption capacity of UHP-ECC. The findings of this study are significant for guiding infrastructure construction using CR modified UHP-ECC under high-velocity impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139183"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability against cyclic wetting-drying of cement-stabilized loess subgrade for railway in tropical semi-arid regions","authors":"Narongdet Yangsukkasem ,&nbsp;Jirayut Suebsuk ,&nbsp;Apichit Kampala ,&nbsp;Akkharadet Siriphan ,&nbsp;Rattapon Somna ,&nbsp;Weeraphan Jiammeepreecha ,&nbsp;Prinya Chindaprasirt","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the effect of soaking times, number of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles, saturation levels, sample dimensions, and cement contents on the durability performance of cement-stabilized loess for railway subgrade. To imitate the extreme environment in tropical semi-arid regions, the samples were soaked in water and dried in an oven to create the cyclic W-D state. Microstructure tests were used to confirm the cement hydration reaction in the cemented loess sample after the cyclic W-D. The soaking time was observed as the key factor controlling the depth of water infiltration and degree of saturation of W-D samples. At the same soaking time, the small sample reached a higher saturation level than the large sample. Increasing the amount of cement enhanced stability by strengthening cementation bonds and improving water retention capacity. The increase in cement content not only enhanced the strength but also improved the water resistance and reduced the weight loss of soil samples. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in high cement content samples increased notably during 6–12 cycles of W-D due to the cement hydration, as proved by the microstructure tested results. The correlation of the UCS after cyclic W-D of the sample with a diameter of 50 mm and that of 101.6 mm was proposed. The durability index was suggested to facilitate the design of cement-stabilized loess mixes effectively while extending the service life. The results could provide valuable guidance for sustainably designing cement-stabilized loess as a subgrade for railway and other geotechnical structures in tropical semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139123"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight, high-strength, thermal- and sound-insulating reed scraps/portland cement composite using extruded resin particles","authors":"Shuanggang Yang,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Yingfeng Zuo,&nbsp;Xingong Li,&nbsp;Yiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of a lightweight composite made from reed scraps, Portland cement, and polystyrene particles can simultaneously address issues related to reed waste, environmental pollution, and carbon emissions produced by the construction industry. However, standard polystyrene particles have low bonding strength with Portland cement and reed scraps, giving the resulting composites inferior mechanical properties and thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics. To overcome these limitations, nano-silicon expanded resin particles (NSERP), composed of polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, nano-silicon, and various modifiers, were introduced to replace traditional polystyrene particles in the composite. These novel particles enhanced the interfacial bonding strength and improved the mechanical properties, as well as the thermal and acoustic insulation capabilities of the composites. This study investigated the effects of the water-cement ratio, reed scraps-to-cement ratio, and NSERP dosage on the composite's properties through single-factor experiments. The optimized composite had a density of 0.66 g/cm³ and a compressive strength of 2.5 MPa, and its sound absorption coefficient in the middle and high-frequency bands was 0.7, which was approximately 4.3 times higher than that of conventional silicate composites. Its thermal insulation performance surpassed that of standard composites. This lightweight, high-strength, thermally insulating, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient multifunctional composite has potential applications in building energy conservation, traffic noise reduction, and new energy battery insulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139248"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidisciplinary evaluation of mixtures of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and mine tailings for sustainable geotechnical solutions","authors":"L.S.V.E. Monteiro ,&nbsp;B.S. Bandarra ,&nbsp;M.J. Quina ,&nbsp;P.A.L.F. Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste generation has been a source of environmental concern in case of inadequate management. However, the potential for resource recovery from waste has been highlighted, and circular economy strategies have been greatly promoted to achieve sustainability goals. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) and mine tailings represent two relevant waste streams under study for geotechnical applications. The present work aims at investigating the physical, mechanical, chemical, and ecotoxicological characteristics of two mixtures of 90 % bottom ash and 10 % of two different mine tailings (one of iron and another of tungsten, tin, and copper) to evaluate their safe utilization. The results indicated that mixtures of IBA and mine tailings have good compressibility, permeability, and shear strength properties, comparable to granular soils. Additionally, adding 10 % mine tailings in the mixtures had minimal effect on the mechanical behaviour of IBA alone. No substantial concentration of potentially toxic metals or relevant ecotoxic effects were found in any of the analysed materials and their eluates. These results suggest that mixing IBA with mine tailings for geotechnical use, e.g., in embankments or road base/subbase may be a safe option. This represents a promising alternative for valorising both waste streams while promoting sustainable and circular solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139139"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the synergetic effect of SAP and nano-silica on the mechanical properties, drying shrinkage and microstructures of alkali-activated slag/fly ash-based concrete","authors":"Dongtao Xia ,&nbsp;Nana Song ,&nbsp;Biao Li ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Jiani Wu ,&nbsp;Songbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) have been commonly used to mitigate the shrinkage of alkali-activated materials through internal curing, but may cause some strength loss in the materials. To overcome this issue, nano-silica (NS) is used in this paper. The synergetic effect of SAP and NS on the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage behavior of slag/fly ash-based alkali-activated concrete (AAC) was investigated. The corresponding hydration reaction kinetics and microstructures were simultaneously examined to reveal the shrinkage-mitigating mechanism. The results revealed that, the incorporation of SAP induces a compressive strength deterioration of AAC, but mitigates the drying shrinkage of AAC, with the reducing amplitudes of 12.4–32.7 % at 56 d. The internal relative humidity (IRH) of 83 % is deemed as a critical node for the internal curing by SAP, and the additional moisture can maintain the IRH of AAC above 74 %, which improves the geopolymerization reaction around the SAP particles and reduces the proportion of capillary pores. The NS and SAP show a synergetic strengthening impact on the mechanical properties, drying shrinkage and microstructures of AAC, with the pores left by SAP water release filled and compensated by NS. In addition, the induction hydration period and its delay effect due to SAP can be reduced by NS, which decreases the initial and final setting times of AAC. From the results obtained in this work, AAC shows better mechanical performance and shrinkage-mitigating effect with the SAP and NS content of 0.2 % and 2 %, respectively. The research outcomes provide a new possibility for the drying shrinkage control without strength loss of AAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation on anisotropic shear behavior of natural and splitting joints under different normal stresses","authors":"Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Linggen Kong ,&nbsp;Shaohui Tang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical splitting test has been widely used to generate splitting joint for investigating shear behaviors in the laboratory. In fact, some differences are within shear behavior between splitting joint and natural joint, especially anisotropic characteristics. To quantitatively compare these differences, the 3D engraving technique was employed in the present study to repeatedly reconstruct three natural joints and three splitting joints. Then direct shear tests were conducted to analyze their shear behaviors under different shear directions and normal stresses. The results indicated that there were substantial dissimilarities between two types of joints in shear behavior. For the splitting joints, the peak shear strength exhibited slight variations in different shear directions under low normal stress. These variations were less pronounced compared to natural joints. As the normal stress increased, the anisotropy of peak shear strength in splitting joints gradually diminished. For the natural joints, the anisotropy intensified in as the normal stress increased. Additionally, the dip angle of micro-asperities of splitting joint surface mainly presented a normal distribution. The shape of directional parameter, <em>θ</em>*_max/(<em>C</em> + 1), was circular. The joint surface was uniform damage under different shear directions. During shear test process, most micro-asperities contributed to the shear behavior without displaying obvious anisotropy. There were no key micro-asperities on the splitting joint surface. Conversely, the dip angle of micro-asperities of natural joint surface exhibited a predominantly irregular distribution. The shape of the directional roughness parameter was also irregular. The damage on joint surfaces presented strip-shaped failure, indicating pronounced anisotropy. These damage areas consisted of the micro-asperities with high height or high dip angle, which were key micro-asperities influencing the shear failure. The nonuniform distribution of these key micro-asperities of natural joints contributed to the prominent anisotropy in shear behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the hydration kinetics and microstructure of the sulphate-alkali composite activated slag pastes","authors":"Miaomiao Wu ,&nbsp;Minghui Huang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Shen ,&nbsp;Mengxia Zhou ,&nbsp;Tiangang Zhou ,&nbsp;Deqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chaozheng Chai ,&nbsp;Zhiyue Yang ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Li ,&nbsp;Zuhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the phosphogypsum (PG) was successfully applied to prepare the sulphate-alkali activated slag (SAAS) pastes to reduce carbon emissions and production costs. The set-hardening properties of SAAS samples with PG were optimized using response surface methodology. Then, several in-situ measurements and several characterization methods were applied to monitor the hydration behavior and study the microstructure evolution. Furthermore, the hydration kinetics were analyzed to further reveal the new insight into the activation mechanism of the sulphate-alkali composite. The results showed that the optimized ratio was obtained at 2.7 % alkali dosage (AD) and 11.8 % PG, where the initial setting time and 28d strength valued 162 min and 56 MPa, respectively. It was also found that heat flow was accelerated but mitigated, and autogenous shrinkage was gradually mitigated with increasing PG content due to its additional activation effect as sulphate. Samples with 5 % PG require a higher AD to obtain a sufficient degree of hydration. While lower AD would produce more ettringite and CASH gels with higher degree of polymerization for samples with 15 % PG. Hydration kinetic analysis showed that addition of 5 % PG would make the nucleation process of CASH gels difficult. While the addition of 15 % PG would increase the nucleation density by almost 10 times, the growth rate would be greatly reduced, resulting in a slower but continuous development of the microstructure. Thus, it was demonstrated that the use of PG in SAAS pastes is reasonable and has great potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139221"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service life evaluation of marine reinforced concrete structures in coastal soda residue soil subjected to chloride attack","authors":"Linjian Wu,&nbsp;Han Jiang,&nbsp;Xueli Ju,&nbsp;Mingwei Liu,&nbsp;Yutao Di,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Zhouyu Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In chloride salt environments, the corrosion of steel reinforcements due to chloride ions intrusion into concrete is the main cause of the durability failure of reinforced concrete structures (RCSs). The chloride content included in coastal soda residue soil (SRS) foundations with a high moisture content has been measured to be 2–3 times that of seawater, which seriously threatens the durability of RCSs built in the SRS environment. Compared with marine tidal environments, the influence of SRS corrosive environment with a high moisture content and high chloride ions content on the chloride ions transport behaviours and the service life for the marine RCSs remains unclear. Therefore, for this paper, an indoor experimental study on chloride ions intrusion into the marine concrete specimens in a coastal SRS environment was carried out. The concentration profiles and transport characteristics of chloride ions within concrete in a real SRS environment with a semi-buried zone (SBZ) and a fully buried zone (FBZ) and in a simulated salt solution (SSS) environment of SRS were revealed. The measured results of chloride transport in concrete specimens exposed to the marine tidal zone (MTZ) were used as the control group to quantify the differences in chloride transport behaviours between concrete buried in the coastal SRS environment and that in the MTZ (marine tidal zone). Chloride transport models of concrete in coastal SRS and MTZ (marine tidal zone) environments were built by means of the Fick's second law of diffusion. Taking a certain marine RCS as an example, the service lives of this structure in coastal SRS and MTZ (marine tidal zone) environments were evaluated via this paper’s proposed chloride transport models and then compared. Results indicated that the predicted service life of the RCS in the FBZ (fully buried zone) is the longest, followed by that in the MTZ (marine tidal zone), and that in the SBZ (semi-buried zone) is the shortest. The service lives of the marine RCSs in the FBZ (fully buried zone) and MTZ (marine tidal zone) were approximately 1.37 times and 2.76 times that of the SBZ (semi-buried zone), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 139222"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}