Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Abrasion resistance mechanism of high-ferrite Portland cement: Insights into the microstructure of hydration products and interfacial transition zone","authors":"Xingdong Lv ,&nbsp;Lu Yang ,&nbsp;Fazhou Wang ,&nbsp;Jiazheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the high-ferrite Portland cement (HFC) abrasion resistance mechanism by analyzing the microstructure of its hydration products and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Two HFCs with different clinker composites (HFC1:C₄AF=17.75 %, C₃S=45.45 %; HFC2:C₄AF=15.75 %, C₃S=33.80 %) were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance combined with thermodynamic modeling, yielding the hydration product characteristics. Their ITZ's micromechanical properties and thickness were determined via nanoindentation, microhardness, and SEM-EDS. HFC1 presented 26.2 % greater abrasion resistance and 21.2 % greater impact resistance energy compared to HFC2, in addition to better ITZ micromechanical properties. Nanoindentation and SEM-EDS measurements proved that HFC1 outperformed HFC2 in ITZ thickness, which was narrower by 64–89 % than that of HFC2. Moreover, at 28 days, the ITZ nanoindentation modulus and hardness of HFC1 exceeded those of HFC2 by 43.0 % and 39.0 %, respectively. The synergistic hydration at higher contents of C₄AF and C₃S was beneficial for C-S-H gel formation with a higher polymerization degree and a longer mean chain length. In HFC1, the latter exceeded that in HFC2 by 7 % on average. The total porosity and share of large pores (50 nm &lt; <em>d</em> &lt; 1000 nm) in HFC1 were lower than in HFC2 by 1.2 % and 8.0 %, respectively. Overall, the synergistic hydration between C₃S and C₄AF improved the polymerization of C-S-H gel. The C-S-H gel with a high degree of polymerization was more closely combined with the aggregate, improving its ITZ characteristics and enhancing the abrasion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 140988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and marine durability of epoxy resin-modified binary geopolymer composites","authors":"Rui Huang ,&nbsp;Sujiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruohan Lin ,&nbsp;Huijun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As nations increasingly look to marine environments for resource exploration and development, the demand for construction materials that can endure the harsh conditions of seawater rises. Seawater contains corrosive ions such as Mg^2 +, Cl^-, and SO₄^2-, which can severely degrade conventional concrete, reducing its lifespan and hindering the growth of the marine industry. Therefore, green, energy-efficient, and durable materials need to be developed. This study introduced an innovative composite binary geopolymer created from metakaolin and slag and enhanced with epoxy resin, the geoploymer serves as a viable alternative to ordinary Portland cement. The research systematically assessed the influence of epoxy resin, slag, and curing temperature on the mechanical properties of the geopolymer through an orthogonal array. Durability tests, including carbonation, sulfate attack, and chloride ion penetration, were conducted to evaluate the material's performance under conditions resembling marine environments. The findings indicated that incorporating 20 % epoxy resin notably decreased the chloride ion permeability coefficient and improved resistance to carbonation and sulfate attack. Microscopic analyses demonstrated that the epoxy resin altered the microstructure, leading to an increasing denser and resilient material. This research underscores the potential of epoxy resin-modified geopolymers as a sustainable and robust solution for marine construction and thus contribute to advancements in marine engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoresistive behaviors of self-sensing cementitious composite with well-dispersed carbon nanotube","authors":"Xiangnan Li ,&nbsp;Zhen-gang Feng ,&nbsp;Qi Cui ,&nbsp;Zhuang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Du ,&nbsp;Xinjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The well-dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed by a combination of surfactant modification and ultrasonic treatment. The dispersion of CNTs in solution was evaluated using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The well-dispersed CNTs modified self-sensing cementitious composites (CNT-SSCCs) were prepared. The micromorphology of CNT-SSCCs was investigated by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The influence of CNTs on the polarization effect and conductivity of SSCC was evaluated by the digital acquisition and recording system. The CNT-SSCCs were loaded under different modes by a universal testing machine. The piezoresistive response of CNT-SSCCs was evaluated and the piezoresistive mechanism was discussed. Moreover, the workability and mechanical properties of CNT-SSCCs were evaluated by flow table, compressive and flexural tests. Results show that the particle size of CNTs significantly decreases, with the ZP reaching −48.7 ± 4.3 mV and the absorbance increasing to 2.21 after surfactant modification by sodium dodecyl sulfate and ultrasonic treatment for one hour, indicating the well-dispersed CNTs are obtained through the dispersion processing. The incorporation of well-dispersed CNTs can distribute in the SSCC matrix evenly and improve the pore structure of SSCC. The well-dispersed CNTs at an appropriate content (1.5 %-2 %) can endow the SSCC with well electrical conductivity and superior piezoresistive response under the combined actions of CNT-to-CNT contact, CNT-to-CNT tunneling and pore structure changes. The polarization time of SSCC gradually decreases with the increase of CNT content. The SSCC with 2 % well-dispersed CNTs achieved a maximum stress sensitivity of 1.23 %/MPa with a gauge factor of 169.51.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141123"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile properties and microstructure of lightweight engineered geopolymer composites containing PVA fibers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) after high-temperature exposure","authors":"Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Xiang ,&nbsp;Shan Li ,&nbsp;Zhijun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of elevated temperatures on the properties of lightweight engineered geopolymer composites (LW-EGC). The LW-EGC was reinforced with 2.5 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and 0.15 % multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and subjected to temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 800 °C. Performance evaluations included measurements of mass loss, tensile strength, crack formation, and microstructural evolution using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results revealed that LW-EGC exhibited progressively greater mass loss as temperature increased, though the mass-loss rate gradually decreased due to the evaporation of water and decomposition of calcium-rich phases. Tensile strength reached a maximum at 200 °C but decreased significantly beyond 400 °C, mainly due to the melting of PVA fibers and increased matrix porosity. SEM analyses showed extensive decomposition of PVA fibers and progressive degradation of the geopolymer matrix at higher temperatures, weakening the overall composite structure. XRD and FT-IR analyses confirmed calcite decomposition and highlighted the excellent thermal stability of N(C)-A-S-H gel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes harmonize to enhance the initial hydration products and mechanical properties of cement mortar","authors":"Lei Fan ,&nbsp;Jinhao Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Song ,&nbsp;Chengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Qingxing Feng ,&nbsp;Hui Jin ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the initial performance of cement-MWCNTs mortar, mortar samples with different amounts of graphene oxide (GO) and MWCNTs were prepared for compressive and flexural tests and their mechanism are subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (Ft-IR). The results show that the incorporation of GO can improve the fluidity and flexural strength of cement-MWCNTs mortar. Among them, the mixing effect of M125-G050 is the most significant, with flexural strength reaching 8.11 MPa and 10.13 MPa at 3d and 28d and compressive strength reaching 42.61 MPa and 61.81 MPa, respectively, which are 40.79 % and 34.70% (for flexural strength), and 71.53% and 103.38 % (for compressive strength) higher than those of the benchmark group (M125-G0). In addition, the synergistic effect of GO and MWCNTs can continuously promote the hydration of cement clinker, generate more C-S-H (content increased by 0.5118 %), refine the pore structure of cement-MWCNTs mortar, improve compactness and exhibit a significant positive mixing effect. By using the molecular dynamics method and fracture mechanics theory, it is also confirmed that the GO layers strengthened the interlayer interaction between CNTs and CSH matrix, and provided a positive effect in interlayer mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141056"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the workability, mechanical properties and carbon emission performance of fiber-reinforced geopolymer recycled concrete (FRGRC)","authors":"Jin Guo ,&nbsp;Qingwu Liu ,&nbsp;Haiyang Pan ,&nbsp;Yudong Sun ,&nbsp;Boyu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolymer concrete represents an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional cement, offering potential for reducing carbon emissions and recycling industrial waste. Fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (FRGRC) has emerged as a promising material, though challenges persist regarding workability control and achieving adequate strength and ductility. To accelerate the adoption of FRGRC in practical engineering applications and fully capitalize on its low-carbon benefits, this study investigates the influence of various controlling factors on the workability and mechanical properties of FRGRC through a series of experiments. The factors under scrutiny include water-to-binder ratio (w/b, 0.4–0.5), alkali activator concentration (c, 0.2–0.4), blast furnace slag content (BFS/b, 0–1), and polyethylene (PE) fiber content (FC, 0 %-2 %). Findings indicate that while a higher w/b ratio improves workability, it compromises strength; conversely, increasing BFS/b ratio enhances strength but detracts from workability. Higher concentrations of alkali activator improve both workability and strength but delay setting times. PE fibers significantly boost bridging strength and ductility by up to 45 % and one-third respectively when FC is increased by 0.5 %, although excessive FC can diminish workability. An optimal mix design was identified: 0.5 w/b, 0.4c, 50 % BFS/b, and 1.5 % FC, which ensures satisfactory workability and high strength. A predictive formula for compressive strength based on different mix designs was developed. Additionally, incorporating carbon emission data, a formula relating mix ratios to carbon emissions and strength was proposed to guide preliminary FRGRC design, and avoided the situation when pursuing low carbon emissions results in excessively low strength. Through comparison, it is shown that the low-carbon performance and strength of FRGRC are both superior to those of ordinary concrete. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing FRGRC design and assessing carbon emissions in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141004"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on bond performance between corroded reinforcement and basalt-polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete after high temperature","authors":"Yanchun Liu ,&nbsp;Bensheng Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Caiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Jijun Miao ,&nbsp;Chengliang Weng ,&nbsp;Yichun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperature damage and corrosion erosion degrade bond performance between steel reinforcement and concrete, subsequently affecting structural load-bearing capacity. Given that fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) exhibits superior mechanical properties and durability, this study experimentally evaluates the bond performance between corroded steel and basalt-polypropylene fiber (BF-PF) reinforced concrete after high-temperature exposure. Eccentrically loaded specimens with varying corrosion levels (0 %, 2 %, 5 %, and 10 %) were prepared for pull-out tests after exposure to high temperatures (20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C). The results indicated that the incorporation of 0.1 % BF and PF improved the mechanical and bond properties of concrete, with a positive synergistic effect observed when the two types of fibers are combined. At temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, the average bonding strength of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) increased by 17.84 %, 12.68 %, and 15.93 %, respectively, with BPFRC exhibiting higher residual bonding strength at 400°C. However, As the level of damage increased, the contribution of fibers gradually diminished. At 800°C and a corrosion rate of 6.76 %, the bond strength of BPFRC increased by only 3.88 %, while that of PFRC decreased by 1.81 %. Additionally, fiber bridging effectively inhibits crack development and distributes the load, thereby positively impacting bonding stiffness and energy dissipation. A bond strength prediction model and constitutive relationship for the combined effects of corrosion and high temperature were proposed. The applicability of the model was further validated by predicting the flexural load capacity of reinforced concrete beams, considering bond slip after damage. This research provides data that support the performance evaluation of BF-PF reinforced concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 140944"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the long-term mechanical property evolution law and microscopic mechanism of bamboo fiber reinforced sea sand reactive powder concrete","authors":"Lincai Ge ,&nbsp;Haitao Li ,&nbsp;Zixian Feng ,&nbsp;Mahdi Hosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to reveal the evolution of the long-term mechanical properties of bamboo fiber (BF) reinforced sea sand reactive powder concrete (SRPC), the micro morphology, chemical composition and pore structure of BF-SRPC were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and computed tomography (CT). The results showed that the incorporation of BF effectively optimized the pore distribution and reduced the number and volume of pores. When the optimum content was 0.75 %, the compressive strength of BF-SRPC increased by 4.17 %, 11.61 %, 12.50 % and 15.23 %, and the splitting tensile strength increased by 2.41 %, 30.68 %, 25.98 %, and 26.81 % at the ages of 7, 28, 90, and 180 days, compared with that of the plain SRPC, respectively. At 180 days, the interfacial transition zone between BF and SRPC was tightly bonded, and the mineralization damage of BF was significantly reduced. The microfibril structure was intact, and the stretching vibration peak of cellulose C-O-C and lignin C<img>C had no significant change compared with 90 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact response of self-compacting concrete incorporating asphalt emulsion and fiber","authors":"Hussaini Abdullahi Umar ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiang Hu ,&nbsp;Mustapha Jamaa Garba ,&nbsp;Guangcheng Long ,&nbsp;Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its excellent workability, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has been increasingly utilized in various concrete structures, including transportation infrastructures like highways, tunnels, slab tracks of high-speed rail, and bridges. However, the frequent and occasional impact loads significantly threaten the serviceability of concrete structures. This work evaluates the dynamic mechanical performance of SCC prepared with asphalt emulsion (AE), polypropylene fiber (PPF), and basalt fiber (BF) using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. To further understand the combined impacts of AE and fiber on SCC, damping capacity was also experimentally evaluated. Results demonstrate that the dynamic increase factor (<em>DIF</em>) rises with the decimal logarithm of strain rate, demonstrating an excellent strain rate effect, and SCC with AE and fiber achieved a 20 – 60 % increase in <em>DIF</em>. The impact toughness index was greatly enhanced, with an enhancement of 10.8 % achieved by adding AE alone. When AE was combined with PPF and BF, the improvements were 10.2 % and 11.6 %, respectively, representing a significant increase in the impact resistance. Specimens containing AE and fibers also demonstrated an enhanced damping ratio and loss factor; AE alone increased the damping ratio by about 21 %, while the incorporation of AE together with PPF, BF, and the hybrid fiber enhanced the damping ratio by 8 %, 13 %, and 16 %, respectively; the loss factor increase within the range of 8 – 21 %, indicating an excellent improvement in energy absorption and vibration reduction performance of SCC. Besides, the SCC matrix was refined by the synergistic network structure created by AE, fibers, and cement hydrates, providing excellent bridging and toughening effects; consequently, the overall impact resistance, damping capacity, and vibration reduction performance of SCC were successfully optimized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 141036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-fire material properties of wire-arc additively manufactured 3D-printed structural aluminum alloys","authors":"Yao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing, often known as 3D printing, is being increasingly used in the construction sector. This paper reports an experimental investigation on the in-fire material properties of 3D-printed structural aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures. The testing program mainly encompasses 30 in-fire material tests and 6 ambient-temperature material tests on grade 6063 aluminum alloy, which was 3D-printed by means of wire-arc additive manufacturing. Two material thicknesses including 3 mm and 5 mm, and three printing orientations including 0°, 45° and 90°, were considered in the testing program. Six different temperature levels varying from 20 °C to 500 °C were adopted in the material testing, to derive the corresponding material stress–strain responses and key material property retention factors. The retention factors were adopted to analyze the thermal effect on the residual strength and stiffness of wire-arc additively manufactured aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures. The retention factors given in the aluminum fire-design standards in Europe and America were also assessed based on the test data, with design inaccuracy revealed. To overcome this limitation, retention factor predictive models were proposed to accurately predict the in-fire properties of wire-arc additively manufactured aluminum alloys. Then, a new Ramberg–Osgood material constitutive model was proposed, demonstrating a high level of accuracy in predicting the stress–strain behavior of wire-arc additively manufactured aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 140946"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}