{"title":"Experimental and simulation study on capillary flow of microchannel nanoporous membrane composite wick","authors":"Rongkuo Ding, Guodong Xia, Ran Li, Chenchen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we employed both experimental and simulated methods to investigate the capillary flow phenomenon in composite wicks that integrate the silicon-based microchannels with AAO nanoporous membranes. The experiment utilized deionized water and anhydrous ethanol to analyze the capillary performance of both the microchannel wick and the microchannel nanoporous membrane composite wick. The findings demonstrated that the micro-nano composite wick exhibited a higher capillary rise height and a faster capillary rise rate compared to the microchannel wick. The optimal capillary rise heights for deionized water and anhydrous ethanol were associated with microchannel widths of 10 μm and 20 μm, respectively. Additionally, the parameter <em>K</em>/<em>R</em><sub>eff</sub> was used to evaluate the capillary performance of both the microchannel wick and the micro-nano composite wick. The optimal capillary performance parameters for deionized water and anhydrous ethanol are 6.80 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m and 5.54 × 10<sup>−7</sup> m, respectively. Subsequently, the capillary flow characteristics of the micro-nano composite wick were further investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. The results indicate that when the working fluid passes through the nanopores, it becomes immersed within their interiors, thereby continuously propelling the working fluid forward. Concurrently, the radius of curvature at the liquid front decreases, further enhancing capillary performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhendu Das , Adeeb Noor , Poly Karmakar , Sanatan Das
{"title":"AI-based testing of urine containing penta hybrid nanoparticles within a charged bioactive rotational channel under strong magnetic fields: Implications for bioengineering","authors":"Subhendu Das , Adeeb Noor , Poly Karmakar , Sanatan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexities of electro-osmotically induced flow are increasingly recognized for their broad applications in bioengineering. This could lead to innovative applications that use electromagnetic fields and urine infused with nanoparticles, customized to address the dynamics of various diagnostic kits and specific medical conditions. This study explores the dynamic behaviors of immiscible urine containing penta hybrid nanoparticles-engineered with five distinct functional components-within a specially designed rotational channel that both charges and activates them biologically under strong magnetic fields, employing artificial intelligence (AI) computing for analysis. This model subsumes various physical factors like Hall and ion-slip currents, Joule heating, heat generation, and interfacial nanolayers, simplifying the complexities through Debye-Hückel linearization strategies to analytically solve the dimensionless equations. Detailed graphs and tables elucidate the impact of these factors on flow dynamics and physical metrics. For instance, findings indicate that the Lorentz force acts as an inhibitory factor, reducing urine fluidity, while an increased thickness of the interfacial nanolayer correlates with lower thermal distribution levels. Importantly, the Nusselt number (NN) without a nanolayer (WNL) exceeds that with a nanolayer (NL). This study employs an AI-powered artificial neural network (ANN) for rapid and precise evaluations of the skin friction coefficient (SFC) and Nusselt number (NN), demonstrating strong predictive accuracy with minimal error rates of 0.02 % for SFC and 0.03 % for NN. This research also highlights the implications of these findings for designing future bioengineering solutions, emphasizing the role of AI in improving the precision and efficiency of biomedically relevant technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108852"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of spacing ratios on thermal-hydraulic performance of a cam-shaped tube in a four-tube staggered configuration","authors":"Arash Moazezi , Arash Mirabdolah Lavasani","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive experimental and numerical studies were conducted to investigate the effects of longitudinal and transverse spacing ratios (<em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> and <em>S</em><sub><em>T</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup>) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of the downstream tube in a staggered tube bank consisting of four cam-shaped tubes. Using cam-shaped tubes improved the thermal-hydraulic performance of the tube bundle by enabling a more compact arrangement and reducing drag coefficient. Various configurations (Model D to O) were examined, with <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> ranging from 3 to 6 and <em>S</em><sub><em>T</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> ranging from 1.25 to 2 at a constant Reynolds number of 26,870 with a uniform heat flux on the rear tube. Numerical simulations using an unsteady three-equation <em>k-kl-ω</em> turbulence model demonstrated strong agreement with our experimental data, confirming the model's accuracy. The results revealed that the configuration with <em>S</em><sub><em>T</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> = 1.25 and <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> = 3 (Model D) significantly reduced the drag coefficient of the rear tube by 122 % compared to a single cam-shaped tube (reference case). The maximum Nusselt number was obtained at <em>S</em><sub><em>T</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> = 2 and <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> = 3 (Model L), resulting in a 39.05 % enhancement compared to the reference case. Furthermore, reducing <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> from 6 to 3 while keeping <em>S</em><sub><em>T</em></sub><sup><em>⁎</em></sup> values constant significantly enhanced thermal-hydraulic performance. Notably, Model D achieved the highest performance, with an improvement of 212.8 % compared to the reference case, while minimizing the tube bundle volume.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108869"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Chen , Wuqiang Long , Changhong Ma , Pengbo Dong , Zhenxian Zhang , Jiangping Tian , Keiya Nishida , Hua Tian
{"title":"Experimental and modeling study on liquid phase ammonia spray characteristics under high-pressure injection and engine-like ambient conditions","authors":"Xi Chen , Wuqiang Long , Changhong Ma , Pengbo Dong , Zhenxian Zhang , Jiangping Tian , Keiya Nishida , Hua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia, a renewable fuel with low-carbon emissions, is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. This study investigates the evaporation of liquid-ammonia spray using optical experiments and numerical simulation. Based on the experimental results, the computational model was established and validated, in addition to the optimization of the empirical formulas for spray tip penetration and spray angle. The results show that the model can accurately predict the development of liquid-ammonia spray under high-temperature and high-pressure environment conditions. The prediction error of the model for the spray tip penetration does not exceed 8 %. And the liquid phase ammonia spray is not sensitive to the changes in injection pressure with high temperature atmosphere. The temperature distribution along the spray's central axis exhibits three stages: constant, logarithmic growth, and linear growth, affecting vapor-phase mass fraction due to entrainment intensity. The logarithmic growth region serves as an ideal ignition zone for ammonia diffusion combustion. Additionally, increasing ambient temperature reduces the first stage distance and enhances the second stage's change rate. Even with a consistent temperature span (200<em>K</em>), the vapor-phase ratio and average turbulent dissipation show non-linear changes. These insights are crucial for enhancing liquid-ammonia spray mixture quality and controlling its combustion characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108853"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menglong He , Hui Wang , Qifan Ying , Shang Liu , Liejin Guo
{"title":"The effect of aspect ratios and inclination angles on the thermal energy storage of phase change materials in partially filled metal foam","authors":"Menglong He , Hui Wang , Qifan Ying , Shang Liu , Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper conducted a numerical study on the thermal energy storage (TES) of partially filled metal foam composite phase change materials (PCM) in rectangular cavity devices. The melting mechanisms under different aspect ratios (AR) and inclination angle models were analyzed, and a predictive formula for the dimensionless TES rate density z' was established. The results indicate that the TES performance of PCM improves with the increase of AR. When AR = 2, the enhancement efficiency reaches 22.6 %, exhibiting the optimal improvement effect. When AR is greater than 8, heat conduction dominates the entire melting process. The natural convection effect is the best in the 60° inclination angle model. When AR = 1, the energy storage performance at θ = 60° is 5 % higher than that at θ = 90°, but for other ARs, θ = 60° leads to a decrease in performance. This is because the change in inclination angle triggers the Rayleigh - Bénard convection phenomenon, generating counter - rotating vortices that inhibit the energy storage efficiency, and as AR increases, the inhibition becomes more significant. The established predictive formula takes both AR and inclination angle into account, which is more comprehensive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108858"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Sun , Bo Yuan , Guanqun Ding , Junsen Fu , Zhenqin Xiong , Yao Xiao , Hanyang Gu
{"title":"Investigation of buoyancy and spacer effects on heat transfer in low-flow-rate upward flow of Lead-bismuth alloy","authors":"Jie Sun , Bo Yuan , Guanqun Ding , Junsen Fu , Zhenqin Xiong , Yao Xiao , Hanyang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of buoyancy on convective heat transfer in liquid lead‑bismuth (LBE) flow inside a smooth round tube and the spacer effects are studied numerically. The analysis indicates that the effect of buoyancy on convective heat transfer depends on the <em>Bo</em> number. The mixed convection heat transfer performance in a smooth circular tube is analogous to water, namely, mixed convection heat transfer deterioration and free convection heat transfer enhancement. However, this effect is much weaker compared to water. Detailed analysis of radial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy inside the smooth round tube reveals that the distortion of velocity curves induced by buoyancy leads to both deterioration and enhancement of mixed convection. Furthermore, the influence of the spacer, its radial structure and the blockage ratio on the flow and heat transfer is investigated. Unlike water, no heat transfer oscillations are found downstream of the spacer in LBE and orifice-type spacer creates a stagnation region where heat transfer deteriorates as <em>Bo</em> increases. In contrast, there is no stagnation region downstream of the disk-type spacer, with the downstream heat transfer enhancing initially and then deteriorating as <em>Bo</em> increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Submerged jet's profile-specific heat transfer: Stagnation zone and beyond","authors":"Barak Kashi, Herman D. Haustein","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A general analytical description for the heat transfer distribution (HTD) under an impinging submerged jet is derived, from the jet velocity profile arriving at the wall. First, the cause-and-effect chain is broken down: i) the streamline-bending projection of the arriving profile's dynamic pressure gives the wall pressure distribution; ii) the pressure gradient drives the radial acceleration; iii) the acceleration unlocks the entire flow field: boundary layer, wall-shear and vorticity distributions; iv) ultimately also the HTD is recovered from similarity; iv) this extends up to deceleration, approaching the known wall-jet solution.</div><div>This new theory is validated against simulations and experiments over a wide range of conditions: from uniform to fully developed issuing profiles, over a range of flights. Thus, confirming that the arriving profile contains everything needed for the subsequent wall-flow description, and demonstrating that the HTD diversity corresponds to that of the arrival profiles. This permits the prediction of the HTD in a universal way, from stagnation point to wall-jet. Specifically, relating the well-known off-center peak (boundary layer thinning) to an incoming profile shape with strong velocity gradients, as encountered in profiles with a potential core. Two different pathways for the generation of this off-center peak are studied and compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermophysical properties of SWCNT/molten carbonate composite phase change material: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Jingtao Wang, Mingyuan Yang, Yuting Jia, Hongliang Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonate molten salts are considered the most competitive heat storage medium for the next-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. This research presents a material composition design strategy aimed at improving the thermophysical properties of carbonate molten salts through the development of carbonate molten salt/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) composite phase change material (CPCM). The mechanism of thermophysical property improvement was investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, focusing on aspects such as microstructural evolution, thermal diffusivity, and energy variation. The thermal properties including density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and viscosity of the CPCM with different mass fraction of SWCNT (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%) were predicted in the high-temperature range of 1150 K to 1450 K. The results indicate that as the increasing mass fraction of SWCNT, leads to a substantial enhancement in both the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the system. When the mass fraction of SWCMT is 5 wt%, the maximum increments are 16.41 % and 3.00 %, respectively. Simultaneously, it is observed that an increase in SWCNT mass fraction restricts the migration of molten salt ions, leading to a reduction in the self-diffusion coefficient of the system and an increase in shear viscosity. The research outcomes offer valuable insights for the design and implementation of molten salt-based elevated temperature thermal energy storage materials in next-generation CSP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108857"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the thermal barrier coating set up and modeling in numerical analysis for prediction gas turbine blade temperature and film cooling effectiveness","authors":"Yong Hui Pi, Jun Su Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas turbine blades are protected from hot combustion gases by employing various cooling technologies such as film cooling and thermal barrier coating (TBC). Considering these methods, the accurate prediction of the turbine blade temperature and cooling performance is crucial to ensure the application of the appropriate cooling technology. This study investigated the effect of the TBC setup and modeling through numerical simulations to predict the turbine blade temperature and film cooling effectiveness. Conjugate heat transfer calculations were performed using two different TBC setups and modeling approaches: a thin-material interface model and actual three-dimensional (3D) modeling. Consequently, the calculation using the thin-material interface model yielded a maximum temperature that was 110 °C lower than that obtained using the actual 3D modeling for TBC. When performing calculations using the actual 3D model of the TBC, the film cooling hole angle on the TBC layer was found to change depending on the manufacturing method of the film cooling hole. Accordingly, the discharge pressure of the cooling fluid and the film cooling effectiveness changed owing to the variation in the angle of the film cooling holes on the TBC layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108860"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simplified thermal stability analysis of diffusion-reaction problems using surrogate modeling","authors":"Ankur Jain, Muhammad Mehdi Abbas, Arun Narasimhan","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal stability analysis of problems involving temperature-dependent heat generation, for example, due to Joule heating or chemical reactions is of much practical interest for the safety of Li-ion cells, chemical reactors and similar systems. There remains an important need for thermal stability analysis of such diffusion-reaction heat transfer problems using simplified methods for practical use. This work presents surrogate modeling based thermal stability analysis of diffusion-reaction problems. Instead of deriving expressions for the transient temperature distribution, an approximate model for total energy of the body as a function of time is used for deriving conditions that cause divergence at large times. Results are shown to agree well with previously reported results based on eigenvalue analysis, and also with independent numerical simulations. Under special conditions, results are shown to reduce to past work on diffusion-reaction and pure-diffusion decay problems. A practical problem related to thermal management of an encapsulated Li-ion cell is analyzed, highlighting the role of intra-cell thermal conduction and convective heat removal at the boundary. Compared to past work, this work offers a mathematically simpler, yet accurate technique for thermal stability prediction. This work extends the state-of-the-art in thermal stability analysis and may benefit a number of engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}