International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effects of vortex generators and elastic walls on enhancement of heat transfer in microchannels","authors":"Farzad Havasi ,&nbsp;Seyyed Hossein Hosseini ,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahangar Zonouzi ,&nbsp;Abdolhamid Azizi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannel heat sinks are highly effective methods for thermal management in various applications, such as electronic cooling, power generation, and microfluidics. There are no studies in the existing literature regarding the influence of integrating elastic walls and vortex generators on the thermal efficiency of microchannels. This study accomplished a set of reliable numerical simulations to evaluate the influences of elastic walls and different vortex generators on flow dynamics and heat transfer, to enhance microchannel performance. Consequently, the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method was applied for all simulations. Therefore, five microchannel configurations were tested: a standard microchannel, one featuring a circular vortex generator, another with an elastic wall, and a design that integrates elastic walls with both circular and crescent vortex generators. The dynamics and heat transfer within these systems were carefully examined and assessed. The numerical findings indicated that the updated design featuring two crescent-shaped vortex generators and a flexible wall improves the heat transfer rate by approximately 20.15 %, resulting in a thermal performance ratio (TPR) of 1.203. This study introduces a novel design approach that significantly improves thermal efficiency and provides valuable insights for upcoming uses in microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108855"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical simulation of microclimate regulation using multi-physics fields coupling model","authors":"Pengju Yang ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Haowen Jia ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse agriculture transcends the constraints of traditional farming, significantly enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production through a controlled environment. Aiming at the challenges of thermal dynamic balance in microclimate control within greenhouses, a multi-physics field coupling model is presented for modeling the distribution of temperature and wind speed inside a glass greenhouse, in which the energy equation is integrated with the realizable k-epsilon turbulence model. This article is focused mainly on the influence of porous media, solar radiation, and wind speed of air supply jets on the distribution of temperature and wind speed in greenhouse microclimate systems. In numerical simulations, the distribution of greenhouse temperature and wind speed fields under different configurations is presented and discussed in detail. Numerical simulations indicate that porous media plays an important role in regulating temperature and stabilizing wind speed in greenhouses. In addition, a plant growth suitability rate as a numerical evaluation index is introduced to quantitatively assess the microclimate regulation system. This article can provide valuable assistance for deploying glass greenhouse, offering valuable insights for the greenhouse cultivation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental estimation of core temperature and directional thermophysical properties for cylindrical lithium-ion battery utilizing an innovative thermal interrogation method","authors":"Mohammed A. Alanazi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research focuses on the importance of estimating the core temperature and directional thermophysical properties of lithium-ion batteries to enhance performance and safety, as the choice and design of proper thermal management systems depend on these factors. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a new experimental noninvasive battery thermal interrogation model based on the lumped capacitance method to estimate the battery core temperature, specific heat capacity, and directional thermal conductivities without environmental interference. This method utilizes a combination of directional (radial and axial) experimental real-time transient surface heat flux and temperature measurements on the outside of the cylindrical lithium-ion (18650) battery cell surface. Unlike the literature thermal methods, this method does not depend on the external environmental effects because the heat flux sensor is mounted underneath the thin-film polyimide electric heater and it measures the real-time transient heat flux to the battery cell. Moreover, the heat flux measurements are used as input in the transient thermal model rather than the temperature measurements to provide a good estimation of the battery core temperature and the battery directional thermophysical properties. A simple parameter estimation algorithm is used to estimate the optimal parameters by using the minimum root mean square error between the analytical and experimental difference in directional surface temperature values. The results are compared with other different methods, such as two-state thermal method, inverse heat conduction thermal method, and Kalman filter method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately captured the battery core temperature, the specific heat capacity, and the directional thermal conductivity values with small standard deviation and minimum 95 % confidence interval. This proposed method can be applied to different geometries and chemistries of lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108827"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation on particle deposition characteristics and mechanism of turbine blade with film cooling","authors":"Fei-Long Wang,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Zeng,&nbsp;Jun-Kui Mao,&nbsp;Yu-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ingress of particles into aircraft engines, leading to deposition on turbine blade surfaces, poses a significant threat to engine reliability by potentially obstructing film cooling holes. This paper investigated the deposition characteristics of C3X blades with film cooling, aiming to address the limitations of existing models and provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms. To achieve this, the existing deposition model was improved by incorporating the deposition rate and considering particle secondary collision-deposition based on EI-Batsh's critical velocity model, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy. Using the improved model, the effects of particle diameter and blowing ratio on deposition characteristics were systematically analyzed. Additionally, the dynamic mesh method was employed to simulate the morphology of the deposition layer. The result shows that the deposition mass peaks at a particle diameter of 6 μm, with multiple deposition peaks observed for particles larger than 8 μm. Increasing the blowing ratio promotes a more uniform deposition layer on the blade's leading edge while creating non-deposition regions on the pressure side. Notably, the blowing ratio has a more pronounced effect on larger particles (&gt;6 μm), and appropriately increasing it can effectively reduce deposition. This work provides theoretical support for the subsequent prediction of sedimentary properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stress-dependent fractal model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of porous rocks with elliptical pore","authors":"Ruirui Wang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiuya Guo ,&nbsp;Qian Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diverse pore morphologies of porous rocks make it challenging to quantitatively characterize the intrinsic mechanisms of the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) under stress conditions. However, previous fractal theory studies on the transport properties of stress-dependent porous rocks with elliptical cross-sections of adjustable aspect ratios have mainly focused on the permeability, with less attention given to the effective thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper establishes a novel fractal model for the stress-dependent ETC in porous rocks that employs elliptical cross-sections with adjustable aspect ratios. The model derives the relationship between the stress-dependent ETC and pore structure parameters. The model's validity is confirmed by the error of only 2.83 % between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data. The parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the ETC of stress-sensitivity porous rocks is related to the capillary initial fractal dimension, capillary initial aspect ratio, initial porosity, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. It is discovered that Young's modulus of the porous rocks has the greater impact on ETC, showing a negative correlation with it. The fractal model clarifies heat transfer mechanisms porous rocks with elliptical pore under effective stress, with each parameter physically defined and independent of empirical constants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inner tube rotation decreases melting efficiency in a triple-tube latent heat storage system with a rotating middle tube","authors":"Amin Shahsavar,&nbsp;Aydin Shaham","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the performance of latent heat storage systems is essential because it can help to increase energy efficiency and reduce the consumption of fuel resources. These improvements will ultimately lead to more sustainable development of thermal systems and reduction of environmental impacts. In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted to determine whether a triple-tube latent heat storage system with a counter-clockwise rotating middle tube containing PCM performs better with a stationary or rotating interior tube containing hot water flow. The effect of the interior tube rotation speed (ranging from −2 to 2 rad/s in increments of 0.25 rad/s) on the time variation of overall and local values of the liquid fraction and temperature of the PCM was analyzed. The results showed that the system with a stationary interior tube outperformed those with a rotating interior tube in terms of melting efficiency. The PCM melting time for the system with a stationary interior tube was 481.8 s, while the shortest melting time among the rotating systems (486.6 s) occurred when the interior tube rotated clockwise at a speed of 2 rad/s. Conversely, the longest melting time (789 s) was observed when the interior tube rotated at 2 rad/s clockwise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of three-zone synergistic pattern on thermal resistance performance of wet cooling towers under crosswind","authors":"Xiaojing Yuan ,&nbsp;Weiran Shi ,&nbsp;Xue Song ,&nbsp;Jichong Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Suoying He ,&nbsp;Ming Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the distribution features of 3D flow and temperature fields in the tower under crosswind, a three-zone synergistic optimization pattern is established for the water-spraying zone, fillings zone and rain zone: elliptical partition water distribution, elliptical non-equidistant fillings layout, and non-centrosymmetric dry-wet hybrid rain zone. The numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the effect of the three-zone synergistic pattern under crosswind on the cooling tower thermal and resistance performance. The three-zone synergistic pattern, according to the results, optimizes the distribution of the multi-physical fields inside the cooling tower, and greatly improves the thermal and resistance performance of the tower at distinct crosswind speeds. Taking a typical wind speed <em>v</em> = 5 m/s under the design condition (the standard operating condition set during the design phase) as an example, the water temperature drop, cooling efficiency and ventilation of the cooling tower with the three-zone synergistic pattern under crosswind increase by 0.72 °C, 4.19 % and 335.74 kg/s, respectively, compared with the conventional cooling tower. This work can provide important references for the thermal design and technological transformation of large wet cooling towers under crosswind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow behavior in parallel heated pipes: The role of pipe inclination","authors":"Ron Rene Hayat ,&nbsp;Dvora Barnea ,&nbsp;Yehuda Taitel","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study theoretically investigates the impact of pipe inclination, ranging from vertical upward to vertical downward, on evaporating flow in parallel pipes with shared inlet and outlet headers.</div><div>The first step in analyzing the flow behavior of multiple parallel pipes is to obtain the characteristic curve of pressure difference versus flow rate for a single heated pipe. Momentum and energy balances are iteratively solved, incorporating the local instantaneous flow pattern.</div><div>By utilizing the inclination dependent characteristic curves of individual pipes within an array of parallel inclined pipes all possible steady-state solutions for pressure difference and flow rate distribution can be determined as functions of the inlet flow rate for various inclination angles. Furthermore, time-dependent equations have been introduced for a system of parallel inclined pipes, and transient simulations have been conducted.</div><div>The study reveals that, depending on the inclination angle, pipe's diameter and heating power, three types of characteristic curves can be obtained for a single pipe. In the case of two parallel pipes, the effect of the inclination angle on the flow rate distributions and the system pressure drop has been shown. Three flow distribution patterns are identified: equal flow rate distribution, maldistribution, and maldistribution with oscillations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108841"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards robust predictions: Ensemble machine learning framework for entrainment fraction with uncertainty in annular flow regime","authors":"Anadi Mondal,&nbsp;Subash L. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entrainment fraction measures the fraction of liquid that is entrained as droplets into the gas core in gas-liquid annular flow. It directly impacts heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop, and flow stability in systems with an annular flow regime. Given its significance in industrial processes, many experiments have been carried out, leading to the proposal of various empirical and semi-empirical correlations. However, these correlations are often limited to specific operating conditions or gas-liquid combinations, making them unsuitable for robust prediction. Additionally, some correlations require many input parameters and iterative methods for predicting the entrainment fraction. This paper proposes two ensemble machine learning models—Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR)—for robust entrainment prediction in annular flow, applicable to varying operating conditions as well as gas-liquid combinations. The proposed models can learn complex correlations among 5 dimensionless input parameters—liquid and gas Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>_<em>L</em> and <em>Re</em>_<em>g</em>), Weber (gas) number (<em>We</em>_<em>g</em>), density ratio of liquid to gas(<em>ρ</em>_<em>l</em><em>/ρ</em>_<em>g</em>), and viscosity ratio of liquid to gas (μ_<em>l</em><em>/</em>μ_<em>g</em>)—to predict the entrainment fraction. A dataset of about 1628 data points on liquid entrainment from 11 authors was used to train (1302 data points—80 % of the data) and test (326 data points—20 % of the data) the models. The developed models were further validated on 140 completely raw(unseen) data points (not used for training and testing, but in the range of training dataset) and 153 extrapolated (outside of training range or flow configuration) data points from varying operating conditions. The performance of these two models was compared to five correlations and three other algorithms—Linear Regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Four evaluation metrics—Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Coefficient of Determination (R²)—were utilized for performance evaluation. The results indicate that the ensemble models outperformed both empirical correlations and other machine learning models, achieving the lowest RMSE, MAE, and MAPE values, along with the highest R² on test and unseen data points. Only 15.7 % and 20 % of unseen data points were outside the ±30 % limit for the RF and GBR models, respectively, compared to at least 22.1 % for the empirical models and 22.8 % for the other machine-learning models. Moreover, predictions on extrapolated data points, along with uncertainty quantification and the effect of experimental parameters on prediction accuracy for unseen data points, have also been conducted here.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108813"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer mechanism of spray cooling under vibrational conditions: Effects of spray volume flow rate and nozzle inclination angle","authors":"Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinwen Chen ,&nbsp;Kun Liang ,&nbsp;Zhaohua Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jinzuo Huang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Qian ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray volume flow rate and nozzle inclination angle are key parameters affecting the heat transfer performance in spray cooling. However, under complex vibration conditions, the effects of spray volume flow rate and nozzle inclination angle on spray cooling heat transfer performance remain unclear. This study employs experimental research to systematically investigate the effects of different spray volume flow rates and nozzle inclination angles on spray cooling heat transfer performance under vibration conditions. Experimental results show that under vibration conditions, the heat transfer performance of spray cooling improves with an increase in spray volume flow rate. However, excessive flow rates increase droplet splashing, reducing the amount of coolant effectively involved in heat exchange, thus decreasing cooling efficiency. Under vibration conditions (amplitude of 2 mm, frequency of 25 Hz), when the nozzle inclination angle is 0°, and the spray volume flow rate is 3.2 × 10⁻² m³/m²·s, the cooling efficiency is 18 %, which is 27 % lower compared to the cooling efficiency at a spray volume flow rate of 2.0 × 10⁻² m³/m²·s. Moreover, appropriately increasing the nozzle inclination angle under vibration conditions can effectively suppress droplet splashing, thereby enhancing heat transfer performance. However, when the nozzle inclination angle is too large, the force of the droplets penetrating the liquid film is significantly reduced, thereby hindering direct heat exchange between the droplets and the heated surface. Under vibration conditions (amplitude of 2 mm, frequency of 25 Hz), when the spray volume flow rate is 2.0 × 10⁻² m³/m²·s, the optimal nozzle inclination angle is 15°, with a critical heat flux of 57.5 W/cm², which is 5 % and 11 % higher compared to the nozzle inclination angles of 0° and 30°, respectively. This study reveals the effects of spray volume flow rate and nozzle inclination angle on the heat transfer performance of spray cooling under vibration conditions, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing thermal management of high heat flux electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}