International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Slosh induced forced convection enhances heat transfer in a partially filled PCM capsule","authors":"Youpeng Yuan ,&nbsp;Pengjiang Guo ,&nbsp;Da Fang ,&nbsp;Xiaoni Qi ,&nbsp;Xiaohang Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The melting heat transfer inside a capsule partially filled with phase change material (PCM) under reciprocating movement can be frequently encountered in novel energy storage devices such as fluidized bed or rotary drum. However, influence of liquid sloshing on the melting is rarely investigated. In this study, an experiment adopting image processing is established to visually study the transient melting of PCM when the capsule is reciprocating at different amplitudes and frequencies. n-Hexadecane is adopted as the PCM and volume filling ratios from 30 % to 90 % are covered. The solid PCM is fixed by a stick inside the capsule, thus forming constraint melting. Reciprocating movement of the capsule is realized through a crank-slider mechanism, with frequency in 0.7Hz-1.1 Hz and amplitude of 50 mm and 75 mm. The results show the slosh of the melted PCM inside a reciprocating capsule gets stronger with the increase of amplitude and frequency. The transient melting heat transfer coefficient (HTC) demonstrates a trend of first increase and then decrease with time, but both transient and averaged HTCs increase with reciprocating amplitude or frequency. The slosh of the melted PCM induces the liquid forced convection, boosting the heat transfer and this effect is suppressed by larger volume filling ratio. An empirical correlation to predict the enhancement is also fitted to assist the design of related energy storage device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of zirconium fuel cladding oxidation on water boiling in PWR: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Dan-Dan Su,&nbsp;Xiao-Bin Li,&nbsp;Hong-Na Zhang,&nbsp;Feng-Chen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clarifying the mechanism of water boiling on the zirconium fuel cladding in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) is crucial for the safety and design of reactors. The underlying mechanism remains largely unclear so far. In this study, the molecular dynamics method is employed to investigate the boiling behavior of water on zirconium (Zr) surfaces with varying degrees of oxidation (pure Zr, perfect zirconia ZrO₂, and zirconium reconstructed through oxidation reaction Zr-O). The phase change behavior of water, the accompanying heat transfer characteristics at the solid-liquid interface, and the energy distribution on different surfaces are analyzed under two heating temperatures of 600 K and 650 K. The results indicate that the oxidation of Zr significantly influences the phase change behavior of water. Compared to Zr, the non-uniform distribution of oxygen atoms on the Zr-O surface increases the thermal resistance of both the solid conductive layer and the solid-liquid interface, whereas the ordered arrangement of oxygen atoms in ZrO₂ solid enhances heat transfer at the solid-liquid interface. The efficient heat transfer at the solid-liquid interface on ZrO₂ allows water molecules to gain greater kinetic energy to overcome the potential energy barrier for explosive boiling. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the effect of oxide deposition of Zr cladding on water boiling in PWR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the non-dimensional area of influence and its influence within the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) wall boiling model","authors":"Daiman Somerville ,&nbsp;Ken J. Craig ,&nbsp;Prashant Valluri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A computationally inexpensive method of determining the non-dimensional area of influence and the quenching correction factor as a function of wall superheat, for numerical implementation in multiphase Eulerian computational fluid dynamics simulations, is presented. Clarity is provided on the origin of the non-dimensional area of influence in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) wall boiling model and its implementation to date. Thereafter, a method of approximating the non-dimensional area of influence in the RPI model is proposed based on the results of a Monte Carlo simulation aimed at mimicking the distribution of nucleation sites and their overlapping area of influence. The influence of bubble growth and overlapping areas of influence on the quenching correction factor (commonly referred to as the ”bubble waiting time coefficient”) is discussed and analytical models developed. Results indicate that the quenching correction factor increases (in the range of 1-1.8) with increased wall superheat (2-20 K). This stands in contrast with the commonly used value of one in literature. These findings are incorporated into multiphase Eulerian numerical model and the results are compared against an experimental case considering submerged cryogenic jet impingement boiling. The proposed correlations for the non-dimensional area of influence and quenching correction factor result in an improvement of the wall superheat root mean squared error from 4.992 to 1.378 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability-based thermal-fluid-structural topology optimization for PEMFCs’ turbulent coolant channels by Q-SORA strategy","authors":"Zelin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhou Lu ,&nbsp;Xinglin Li ,&nbsp;Minghao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to attain a desirable trade-off between the flow dissipation and thermal reliability level of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) when considering the random positions of porous multi-heat sources on bipolar plates (BPs), this work establishes a reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) framework for coolant channels. In the RBTO, the flow dissipation of the channel is minimized subject to the target structural compliance and thermal failure probability, and the RBTO framework is decoupled by quantile-based sequential optimization and reliability assessment (Q-SORA) strategy efficiently, which involves a sequential loop of deterministic topology optimization and quantile estimation under the current channel topology. When the target failure probability (<span><math><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>T</mi></msubsup></math></span>) is set to 3.8 % (0.2 %), the minimized flow dissipation corresponding to uniform and gradient heat sources is 0.000729 (0.001844) kg·m²/s³and 0.000674 (0.001476) kg·m²/s³, respectively. In addition, the flow dissipation increases significantly with the decrease of the <span><math><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>T</mi></msubsup></math></span>, and the same flow directions of coolant channels and the reaction porous gas channels can effectively decrease the flow dissipation cost in RBTO of coolant channels. Moreover, the impacts of random multi-heat source positions on the maximum temperature (<em>T_max</em>) of the BPs can be reduced with the increase of inlet velocity. When the inlet velocity is higher than 2m/s and the <span><math><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>T</mi></msubsup></math></span> is 3.8 %, <em>T_max</em> of the BPs at the mean heat-source positions and the flow dissipation of the topological coolant channel are both lower than those of the traditional straight multi-channel configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key factors impacting liquid water behaviors across the interfaces of the multiple-scale porous transport layers in PEMFCs","authors":"Yutao Lian ,&nbsp;Weibo Zheng ,&nbsp;Chongye Mei ,&nbsp;Pingwen Ming ,&nbsp;Jue Wang ,&nbsp;Daijun Yang ,&nbsp;Cunman Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is of the utmost importance to facilitate the rapid drainage of the product liquid water in order to guarantee the delivery of sufficient reaction gas to the reaction zone and ensure the optimal operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The pore structure within the porous transport layer serves as pathways for the removal of liquid water from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The majority of existing studies on this topic focus on the transport of liquid water within a single component of the MEA. However, the mechanisms of liquid water transfer across scales and interfaces in the porous transfer layer remain relatively understudied. This paper presents a review of the primary factors influencing the distribution and transport behaviors of liquid water across the CL/MPL, MPL/GDB, and GDB/GC interfaces. These include the structural characteristics and physical parameters of the interfaces and relevant components, as well as the operating conditions of the PEMFC. The impacting mechanism is also introduced. The objective of this review is to provide insights into the design and optimization of porous transport layers from a water management perspective, with the aim of improving the durability and power density of PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subchannel-averaged void fraction covariance and relative velocity covariance for steam-water boiling flows in NUPEC type I and type II bundles","authors":"Hengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Tetsuhiro Ozaki ,&nbsp;Takashi Hibiki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In subchannel analysis codes, constitutive correlations for subchannel-averaged void fraction covariance and relative velocity covariance are essential to account for the effects of non-uniform void fraction distribution on the subchannel-averaged relative velocity between gas and liquid phases. In this study, NUPEC (Nuclear Power Engineering Center) rod bundle data measured using X-ray CT were processed with a noise-removal method to obtain subchannel-averaged void fraction covariance and relative velocity covariance data for boiling two-phase flows. The experiments covered pressure ranges from 0.981 MPa to 8.63 MPa, with subchannel-averaged void fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.8. The void fraction covariance in different subchannels decreased with increasing subchannel-averaged void fraction. Meanwhile, the relative velocity covariance initially increased and then decreased as the subchannel-averaged void fraction increased. Across the experimental pressure range, pressure effects on subchannel-averaged void fraction covariance and relative velocity covariance were minimal. Correlations for subchannel-averaged void fraction covariance and relative velocity covariance were developed based on the experimental data. For interior, edge, and corner subchannels, the mean absolute relative deviations between the proposed correlations and the experimental data were within 2.0 %, demonstrating the high accuracy of the correlations. These correlations were also validated for subchannels in a rod bundle containing a large water rod, yielding mean absolute relative deviations within 1.5 % for the interior, edge, and corner subchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies of the pulsating heat pipe stopover regime","authors":"Mauro Abela ,&nbsp;Mauro Mameli ,&nbsp;Sauro Filippeschi ,&nbsp;Vadim S. Nikolayev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The experimental data previously obtained with a “Smart loop” (Abela et al. 2024) configured as an eleven-turn pulsating heat pipe (PHP) are compared here to simulation results obtained with the in house 1D transient code CASCO (French acronym for Code Avancé de Simulation du Caloduc Oscillant: Advanced PHP Simulation Code in English) version 4. CASCO has been set-up in terms of geometry, topology, material properties and thermal boundary conditions to mimic the experimental device. A comparison between numerical and experimental results is performed simultaneously on multiple parameters. First, we compare the overall heat transfer performance with a good agreement. Then we discuss the temporal evolution of fluid temperature and pressure at fixed locations. The stopover regime is deeply investigated. It is found that it is characterized by a repeating sequence of fast pressure growth (corresponding to oscillations) followed by a slower pressure decay (corresponding to PHP stopover). The dominant frequency was computed both for experimental and simulation data; an agreement was found. Similarly, the experimental and simulation data on the pressure decay rate agree. The decrease of the PHP thermal resistance with heating load is explained by a decrease of the stopover time caused by a larger pressure decay rate appearing because of a faster liquid film drying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of wave velocity, wave frequency and interfacial friction factor in vertical upward and downward annular flow","authors":"Paul Onubi Ayegba ,&nbsp;Julien Sebilleau ,&nbsp;Catherine Colin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate closure laws for roll wave velocity, roll wave frequency and interfacial friction factor are crucial for eddy diffusivity modelling of heat transfer coefficient and liquid film thickness in annular flow boiling. The focus of this work is to develop suitable models for these parameters from flow boiling data by the authors and adiabatic two-phase flow data in open literature. The flow boiling data were obtained from a test loop consisting of a vertical <em>6mmID</em> transparent heated test section and the test fluid was HFE-7000 refrigerant. The flow boiling data for mean roll wave velocity, mean roll wave frequency and interfacial friction factor were functions of the mass flux, vapor quality, wall heat flux and flow orientation relative to gravity. Models for predicting the roll wave parameters and interfacial friction factor in annular two-phase flow were developed and these models were validated using flow boiling data from this work and adiabatic data from open literature with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) serving as the figure of merit. The proposed model for the roll wave velocity of upward and downward flow boiling predicted the measured data within ±15 % with MAPE of 5.0 % and 2.2 % respectively. In the case of roll wave frequency, the proposed model for upward and downward flow boiling predicted the measured data within ±20 % with MAPE of 7.02 % and 5.87 % respectively. These correlations also reproduced the mass flux, vapor quality and wall heat flux dependence of these wave parameters in both flow orientations relative to gravity. The proposed models for the wave velocity and wave frequency predicted literature data for adiabatic gas-liquid flows within ±30 % with maximum MAPE of 16.4 % and 35.2 % respectively. The predicted roll wave velocity and roll wave frequency were also used to predict the measured flow boiling interfacial friction factor. The predicted interfacial friction factor was within ±30 % of the measured data with MAPE of 10.8 % and 20.3 % for upward and downward flow respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution and applications of parameterized convective heat transfer equations using physics-informed neural networks","authors":"Pan Cui,&nbsp;Wenhao Fan,&nbsp;Minjie Yu,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Zhichun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solving parameterized governing equations is of significant importance for rapidly obtaining solutions of a series of design parameter combinations. This study introduces physics-driven parameterized Physics-Informed Neural Networks (p-PINNs) for solving parameterized convective heat transfer equations. By incorporating design parameters into the network inputs, p-PINNs eliminate the need to solve individual cases as in traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The p-PINNs include two sub-networks to simulate flow and heat transfer separately, integrating specialized strategies such as a novel extended flow rate constraint to enhance training efficiency and accuracy. Taking flow and heat transfer in a wavy channel as a representative example, parameterized solutions are obtained over a Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) range of [50, 400] and Prandtl number range of [0.5, 10]. Benchmarked against CFD results, extensive tests demonstrate that p-PINNs achieve accurate predictions, with the average accuracy of flow fields exceeding 99.6 %, and that of temperature surpassing 99.6 % when Peclet number (<em>Pe</em>) ≤ 2000, while exhibiting a drop as <em>Pe</em> &gt; 3000. For computational efficiency, the trained models realize acceleration greater than 100 times compared to CFD. Finally, the trained models’ versatility is further illustrated in three distinct application scenarios. Notably, the model is capable of accurately inverting unknown boundary conditions with minimal data and can be easily and efficiently fine-tuned for improved prediction accuracy within sub-design ranges. Overall, this work presents an improved PINN method and showcase its potential for solving parameterized equations accurately and efficiently, with exceptional versatility of the trained models across diverse scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127040"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement by the stretching of triply periodic minimal surfaces","authors":"Michael Coe,&nbsp;Zeinab Rahnama,&nbsp;Benjamin Reynolds,&nbsp;Daniel Holland","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in additive manufacturing technology have enabled the creation of exotic designs for heat exchangers, such as those based on a gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). These TPMS-based heat exchangers achieve exceptionally high heat transfer rates but also produce very high pressure losses. This study simulates the impact of unit cell stretching on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a TPMS-based heat exchanger. A periodic heat transfer model with constant wall temperature is employed across a range of Reynolds numbers, covering both laminar and turbulent regimes. The analysis shows that stretching the TPMS structure enhances thermal and hydraulic performance, up to 15 times depending on criteria. For a fixed heat transfer rate, stretching the TPMS reduces the relative pumping power, volume, and/or frontal area required. For example, stretching the TPMS by a factor of 5 enables the volume of the heat exchanger to be reduced by nearly an order of magnitude. These results indicate that stretched TPMS structures are promising for compact heat exchanger design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}