International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Thermal analysis of dual-phase-lag model in a two-dimensional plate subjected to a heat source moving along elliptical trajectories","authors":"Kaiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Zhicheng Hu,&nbsp;Yixin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We focus on the study of heat transfer behavior for the dual-phase-lag heat conduction model, which describes the evolution of temperature in a two-dimensional rectangular plate caused by the activity of a point heat source moving along elliptical trajectories. The Green’s function approach is applied to derive the analytical solution of the model into a series. Benefiting from the periodic motion of the heat source, all coefficients of the series would be efficiently calculated by numerical integration. Using this representation of the solution, thermal responses for the underlying heat transfer problem, including the relations between the moving heat source and the concomitant temperature peak, the influences of the pair of phase lags and the angular speed of heat source on temperature, are then investigated, analyzed and discussed in detail for three different movement trajectories. Compared with the results revealed for the common situation that the heat source moves in a straight line with a constant speed, the present results show quite distinctive thermal behaviors for all cases, which subsequently can help us to better understand the internal mechanism of the dual-phase-lag heat transfer subjected to a moving heat source with curved trajectory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty measurement of two color two dye laser-induced fluorescence thermometry and application thereof to superheated liquid jet","authors":"Hyunchang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flash boiling spray is a highly interesting phenomenon in various industries, and it is known that bubble generation and growth by phase change and heat transfer in a metastable state governs the development of the spray. To understand this phenomenon deeply, knowing the temperature field is crucial. Therefore, 2c LIF, one of the most promising non-intrusive measurement techniques, should be thoroughly checked for its strengths and weakness. In this experimental study, the performance of thermometry using fluorescein disodium and sulforhodamine was evaluated by using a jet of water at various injection temperatures from 25 – 84.5 °C. The precision was assessed according to the error propagation model considering shot and camera noise and compared with the measured one. The measured precision was around 2 % over 60 °C with available room for further improvement. As potential error sources, the effects of stray light inside the chamber and morphology dependence resonance are discussed. The jet of which injection temperature is about 91 °C was injected into the chamber in a pressure of 5 – 11 kPa, and two disintegration regimes were observed according to superheat, the number of generated nuclei, and resultant heat transfer. The temperature fields of superheated liquid in both regimes were measured, and their physical plausibility is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring serpentine cold-plate designs for efficient cooling of Li-ion pouch cells: A computational analysis","authors":"Ajay Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Uttam Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is essential for enhancing the performance of electric vehicles, particularly in optimizing battery efficiency. This study investigates the effectiveness of a cold plate for cooling a 20 Ah pouch-type LiFePO₄ battery, focusing on various operational and design parameters using numerical simulations. The critical parameters examined include battery discharge rate, coolant mass flow rate, coolant inlet temperature, coolant flow direction, and channel height. The study reveals that while increasing the coolant mass flow rate initially reduces the maximum temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>max</em>) and standard temperature deviation (<em>T</em>_<em>σ</em>), benefits diminish beyond a flow rate of 0.75 g/s, which also increases power requirements. Coolant inlet temperature does not yield substantial benefits on battery surface temperature deviation, especially when the ambient temperature falls within the battery's optimal operating range. The direction of coolant flow is crucial, with top and bottom inlet modes performing better in reducing <em>T</em>_<em>max</em>, while the cross-inlet mode is more effective in controlling <em>T</em>_<em>σ</em> compared to the other mode of the inlet. The bottom inlet mode provides the best overall performance, considering heat extraction and power requirements. Additionally, variations in channel height show minimal impact on <em>T</em>_<em>max</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>σ</em> but result in significant reductions in pressure loss (40.14 %) and system weight (3.2 %), potentially lowering operational costs and extending vehicle range. Overall, the findings highlight the trade-offs in optimizing cooling strategies and design parameters for enhanced battery performance in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126896"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement of N-Ga-Al semiconductors heterogeneous interfaces","authors":"Wenzhu Luo ,&nbsp;Ershuai Yin ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenlei Lian ,&nbsp;Neng Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat transfer enhancement of N-Ga-Al semiconductor heterostructure interfaces is critical for the heat dissipation in GaN-based electronic devices, while the effect of the Al_xGa_(1-x)N transition layer component concentration and thickness on the heat transfer mechanism at the GaN-AlN interface is unclear. In this paper, using molecular dynamics simulations based on machine learning potentials, the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between GaN-Al_xGa_(1-x)N, AlN-Al_xGa_(1-x)N and GaN-Al_xGa_(1-x)N-AlN heterostructure interfaces are calculated for different transition layer thicknesses with different concentrations of Al fractions, and the reasons for the change of ITC and its heat transfer mechanism were explained by the phonon density of states and the spectral heat current. GaN-AlN heterostructure ITC at 300 K is calculated to be 557 MW/(m²K), and the ITCs of GaN-Al_0.5Ga_0.5 N and AlN-Al_0.5Ga_0.5 N are improved by 128 % and 229 % compared to GaN-AlN, whereas the ITCs of GaN-Al_0.7Ga_0.3N-AlN containing a 0.5 nm transition layer improved by 27.6 %. This is because elemental doping enhances phonon scattering near the interface thereby promoting phonon energy redistribution, but the bulk thermal resistance of the Al_xGa_(1-x)N layer also increases rapidly with increasing doping ratio, and ITC is affected by a combination of these two factors. This work aims to understand the mechanism of transition layer component concentration and thickness on the heat transfer at the GaN-AlN contact interface, which provides a useful guide for better thermal design of the GaN-AlN heterostructure interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy-driven turbulence in air","authors":"A. Cimarelli ,&nbsp;A. Fenzi ,&nbsp;D. Angeli ,&nbsp;E. Stalio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126851","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The full mathematical representation of natural convection is very complex, as it involves, besides continuity and the equations for the transport of momentum and energy, one state equation for density and three laws for the dependency of the thermophysical parameters on pressure and temperature. In addition it requires the representation of pressure work and viscous dissipation in the energy equation. Most numerical simulations and theoretical studies of natural convection use a simplified model based on the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. With respect to the general formulation, the simplified problem is characterized by a divergence-free velocity field, uses constant thermophysical parameters and neglects viscous dissipation and pressure work. Although the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations have become a physical case in themselves, in certain flow conditions non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq phenomena are non-negligible thus significantly affecting the flow solution. The aim of the present work is to quantitatively identify the flow conditions that give rise to non-negligible non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq phenomena. We demonstrate that the use of direct numerical simulation data combined with the theoretical framework provided by Gray and Giorgini (1976) represents a sound practice to address this issue. The test-case selected is the Rayleigh–Bénard problem at Ra&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with air as working fluid. Direct numerical simulations carried out using the compressible, variable property formulation and the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation highlight that a 5% tolerance on variations of the thermophysical properties of air around the reference state &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̃&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̃&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = (30 °C, 1 atm) only marginally affects the statistical values of both global and local quantities. However, this tolerance represents a very stringent condition that for a tank of height &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̃&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; m filled with air at a reference state &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̃&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̃&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = (30 °C, 1 atm) leads to a rather low maximum Rayleigh number of the order of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; that can be investigated without considering the influence of non-O","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 126851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIF measurement of turbulent horizontal dense jets in stagnant ambient","authors":"Sina Tahmooresi,&nbsp;Danial Goodarzi,&nbsp;Abdolmajid Mohammadian,&nbsp;Ioan Nistor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the behavior of turbulent horizontal dense jets (THDJs) under varying bottom confinement scenarios using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques. The experiments aim to extend the current understanding of both mean and turbulent characteristics of these jets as they propagate streamwise up to 75 nozzle diameters (<span><math><mrow><mn>75</mn><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) from the nozzle exit. The selected scenarios avoid typical wall jet and Coanda effects, focusing instead on medium and low bottom confinements. A comprehensive study on the concentration fluctuation field was carried out along and across the trajectories for multiple sections. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis reveals that buoyancy-induced instabilities in the lower layer impede the formation of helical or axisymmetric structures. It turns out that contribution of turbulence in the most confined case (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>) was more than the rest of the scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nozzle configuration impact on flow structures and performance in Tesla turbine","authors":"Mohammadsadegh Pahlavanzadeh,&nbsp;Włodzimierz Wróblewski,&nbsp;Krzysztof Rusin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Momentum diffusion and kinetic energy transfer play crucial roles in turbomachinery. The Tesla turbine is a radial turbine that operates based on energy transfer between the operating flow and corotating disks. It has applications in various energy systems, such as the Organic Rankine Cycle and combined heat and power systems. Design parameters, particularly the nozzle configuration, significantly impact turbine performance. This study investigates two nozzle supply designs: one-to-many, where the nozzle provides fluid to all gaps, and one-to-one, with the individual nozzle for each gap. To minimize computational costs, only a portion of the entire domain is examined, and flow structures and their effects on Tesla turbine performance are analyzed. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) employing the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is used for flow simulation, enabling a comparison of flow structures, fluctuations, parameters, and their impact on system performance. The one-to-many configuration demonstrates lower efficiency with considerably higher fluctuations. The main source of these fluctuations is found to be the interaction of the inlet jet with the disk tips. In the one-to-one configuration, the source of the fluctuations is the rotating disks, with a different trend of distribution along the gap compared to the one-to-many configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 126900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of the effect of liquid flow parameters on the three-dimensional film thickness distribution outside the horizontal tube","authors":"Liuyang Zhang,&nbsp;Xingsen Mu,&nbsp;Shengqiang Shen,&nbsp;Boyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the horizontal-tube falling film evaporators, the overall heat transfer performance is directly affected by the liquid film flow outside the tube. To investigate the flow characteristics of the evaporating falling film outside the tube, a three-dimensional (3-D) two-phase model for falling film flow of water and seawater was developed. The heat transfer and evaporation were considered in this model. The Tanasawa model was applied for simulating the phase transition process. The spatial distribution of the local film thickness (<em>δ</em>) along the circumferential angle (<em>θ</em>) and dimensionless axial distance (<em>L</em>*) was discussed in detail. The effect of spray density (Γ), salinity (<em>S</em>) and spray fluid temperature (<em>T</em>_sf) on the average tangential velocity, local spray density and <em>δ</em> was analyzed within the range of 0.03 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.07 kg/(m·s), 0 ≤ <em>S</em> ≤ 100 g/kg and 323.15 ≤ <em>T</em>_sf ≤ 343.15 K. The results indicates that the impact of Γ, <em>S</em> and <em>T</em>_sf on <em>δ</em> is obviously different in space. The collision of liquid film at <em>L</em>* = 0.5 results in a reflux vortex within the liquid film. When <em>θ</em> is less than 60^°, there is a slight decrease in the distribution of <em>δ</em> along <em>L</em>* before a rapid increase with <em>L</em>* due to the secondary collision between the liquid film spreading along <em>L</em>* and the reflux flow. As <em>S</em> increases from 0 to 100 g/kg, the maximum difference of <em>δ</em> in the axial direction decreases by 0.038 mm on average. It indicates that increasing <em>S</em> makes the liquid film more evenly distributed along the axial direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 126903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent nonlinear transient heat conduction using the scaled boundary finite element method","authors":"VS Suvin ,&nbsp;Ean Tat Ooi ,&nbsp;Chongmin Song ,&nbsp;Sundararajan Natarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a numerical framework for solving temperature dependent non-linear transient heat conduction problems using the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) combined with fixed point iteration. Non-linear terms are interpolated using SBFEM shape functions to capture non-linearity effectively. The flexibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through various discretization techniques, including polygonal meshes, a node relocation technique for inclusions in a non-linear medium, and a moving quadtree meshing technique for complex non-linear problems. The proposed method is validated through three numerical examples, encompassing both steady-state and transient heat conduction problems. Additionally, a moving heat source problem is solved using the moving quadtree meshing technique, and a comparative study is conducted with its linear counterpart. This research showcases the robustness and versatility of the SBFEM framework in addressing complex non-linear heat conduction problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 126780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization for microchannel heat sinks with nanofluids using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach","authors":"Chih-Hsiang Chen,&nbsp;Kentaro Yaji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for high-performance heat sinks has significantly increased with advancements in computing power and the miniaturization of electronic devices. Among the promising solutions, nanofluids have attracted considerable attention due to their superior thermal conductivity. However, designing a flow field that effectively utilizes nanofluids remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between fluid and nanoparticles. In this study, we propose a density-based topology optimization method for microchannel heat sink design using nanofluids. An Eulerian-Eulerian framework is utilized to simulate the behavior of nanofluids, and the optimization problem aims to maximize heat transfer performance under a fixed pressure drop. In numerical examples, we investigate the dependence of the optimized configuration on various parameters and apply the method to the design of a manifold microchannel heat sink. The parametric study reveals that the number of flow branches increases with increasing pressure drop and decreasing particle volume fraction. In the heat sink design, the topology-optimized flow field achieves an 11.4% improvement in heat transfer performance compared to a conventional parallel flow field under identical nanofluid conditions. The numerical investigations indicate this improvement increases with higher pressure drops and volumetric heat generation rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 126870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}