International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Advancements and challenges of high-speed active flow control: Plasma actuators","authors":"Xiaobing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective active flow control is crucial for high-speed aircraft to reduce drag, enhance heat dissipation, and improve fuel mixing characteristics. Plasma actuators, which offer rapid response times, lack of mechanical moving parts, and a broad operating frequency range, have emerged as a promising solution for these challenges. It has received extensive attention in the past 30 years. This review synthesizes findings from over 2700 relevant studies and over 300 in-depth papers on the application of plasma actuators in high-speed active flow control. The paper compares the technical features of various plasma actuator designs and examines their mechanisms for controlling high-speed flow fields, particularly focusing on shock wave control and boundary layer interference. Despite notable progress, challenges remain in fully leveraging the potential of plasma actuators for efficient flow control in high-speed aircraft. Nonetheless, advancements in plasma actuator technology hold the potential to revolutionize aircraft design and performance, marking a significant step forward in high-speed fluid mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on flow field and heat transfer in the combustor coupled with turbine guide vanes under different contraction ratios","authors":"Jiacheng Lyu ,&nbsp;Keqi Hu ,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhu ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ronghui Cheng ,&nbsp;Yao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines increases, combustor outlet temperature rises significantly, posing substantial challenges for turbine cooling design due to enhanced turbulence, residual swirl, and temperature distortions. The introduction of lean-burn combustors has further complicated the situation, resulting in more compact engine components and intensified interactions between the combustor and turbine stages.</div><div>Existing studies on combustor-turbine coupling primarily focus on the influence of electrically heated simulated hot streak on turbine aerodynamics and heat transfer under non-reactive conditions. This study introduces an integrated test rig featuring a triple combustor and turbine guide vanes (TGVs) equipped with advanced lean-burn dual-stage swirlers. The large eddy simulation is utilized to study the influence of TGVs on the flow field and combustion characteristics within the combustor under different contraction ratios (CR).</div><div>Numerical results demonstrate that different TGVs geometric configurations significantly affect the flow and heat transfer characteristics within the combustor under different CR with varying throat Mach number. TGVs significantly alter the pressure gradient distribution within the combustor. As the CR increases, the jets penetration from dilution holes become deeper, intensifying temperature distortions at the combustor outlet. Additionally, the accumulation behavior of film coolant near the combustor outlet changes markedly due to the blocking effect of the TGVs, potentially impacting film cooling efficiency, particularly near the hub and shroud regions. Furthermore, the study reveals that variations in the relative positioning of the TGVs and the dilution holes result in distinct differences in dilution jet behavior and film coolant distribution within the combustor. These findings highlight the critical need for an integrated combustor–turbine co-design strategy to effectively manage thermal loads and flow interactions in advanced aero-engine architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A continuum multi-physics model for the study of hydrogen cryogenic desublimation in ITER Disruption Mitigation System","authors":"F. Adong ,&nbsp;A. Rizzato ,&nbsp;J. Champigny ,&nbsp;S. Giors ,&nbsp;F. Millet","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A continuum three dimensional multi-physics model is introduced, both on axial-symmetric and three-dimensional domains, for studying the hydrogen pellet formation in the ITER Disruption Mitigation System. It accurately describes the pellet formation by direct gas to solid phase transition (desublimation). Conjugate heat transfer analysis is applied, and an enthalpy method accounting for the density jump at transition interface is developed. The newly introduced model is firstly validated against experimental results coming from prototype devices, and then applied to the study of pellet formation process by desublimation in one of the test setups of the ITER DMS system. Numerical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results, and some recommendations to optimize the operating conditions of ITER DMS system are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical assessment of condensation time relaxation coefficients for accurate prediction under atmospheric and subatmospheric conditions in two-phase thermosiphon systems","authors":"Ahmed G. Rahma ,&nbsp;Frédy Abadassi ,&nbsp;Abdallah Ghenaim ,&nbsp;Pierre François ,&nbsp;Yannick Hoarau ,&nbsp;Denis Funfschilling ,&nbsp;Abderahmane Marouf","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127485","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The numerical simulation of Two-Phase Thermosiphon (TPT) systems is highly complex due to the simultaneous occurrence of physical phenomena such as phase change, vapor bubble dynamics, boiling, and condensation. Among the various computational approaches, a commonly used method combines the Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique with the Lee model for phase change. This combination allows for the simulation of two-phase interactions without explicitly modeling detailed processes such as wall bubble nucleation, wall boiling, quenching, and bubble interaction length scales. The condensation time relaxation coefficient &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in the Lee model significantly influences the phase change process. In TPT simulations, it plays a crucial role in determining result accuracy, particularly in terms of mass balance, pressure distribution, flow regimes, and temperature predictions. This paper conducts 2D, unsteady numerical simulations using the STAR-CCM+ software for two different cases of a two-phase closed-pipe thermosiphon (TPCT) system that employs water as an environmentally friendly working fluid. The first case consists of a vertical copper pipe with a height of 500 mm and an inner diameter of 20.2 mm, operating at standard atmospheric pressure (1.01325 bar). In contrast, the second case features a taller copper pipe measuring 1000 mm in height with a smaller inner diameter of 17.5 mm, functioning under a lower pressure of 0.2 bar (absolute pressure). The primary aim of this study is to evaluate different formulations of the condensation time relaxation coefficients within the Lee phase change model, in order to identify the most suitable approach for both atmospheric and subatmospheric conditions. Four correlation strategies are assessed, including three common classical models such as the Consistency model, the Density model, and the Transient Mass Transfer model, and our newly tuned version called as the Density-Pressure model. The results are validated by comparison with established experimental benchmarks. This study examines how the different models influence key phase change parameters in the TPCT, including total mass, condensation and evaporation mass rates, temperature, volume fraction, and pressure. Among the evaluated approaches, the Density-Pressure model method demonstrated the highest accuracy, with relative errors remaining below 2.06% for Case 1 and 4.33% for Case 2, based on the conventional model validation method using temperature distributions on the exterior wall. The Density-based model also performed reasonably well, with deviations below 3.78% and 5.40% for the respective cases. In contrast, the Consistency model exhibited significantly higher relative errors, reaching 16.62% in Case 1 and 117.47% in Case 2. The study introduced methods to visualize spatiotemporal evolution nucleation sites and condensation onset using the vapor volume fraction (&lt;s","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal insights of the temperature gradient-induced convections in an evaporating meniscus","authors":"Yuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates thermal patterns and convection mechanisms in evaporating ethanol menisci using infrared thermography. High-resolution spatiotemporal temperature distributions were captured at the menisci formed within quartz cuvettes with inner diameters of 25.7 mm and 36.5 mm and inner base temperatures ranging from 47.4 °<em>C</em> ± 0.2 °C to 75.4 °<em>C</em> ± 0.2 °C. Four distinct convection stages were identified, including Thermally-driven Chaotic Initiation (TCI), Large-scale Fractal Division (LFD), Radial Migration-dominated Generation (RMG), and Ending &amp; Dryout (ED). Analysis reveals that liquid layer thickness regulates transitions between Rayleigh-Bénard, Marangoni, and thermocapillary convection regimes. Larger cuvettes with thinner films suppress large-scale fractal “croissant-shaped” thermal cells while enhancing the Marangoni stress-driven radial migration of small-scale cells. The Marangoni-to-Rayleigh number ratio (<em>Ma</em>/<em>Ra</em>) exhibits weak temperature dependence but can be used to calculate the critical liquid layer thickness threshold (<em>δ</em>_c range of 3.00 ∼3.21 mm for ethanol) below which Marangoni effects govern interfacial transport. Outcomes of the present study provide insights into the complex interactions between thermal gradients, fluid properties, and convection regimes in curved evaporating liquid films, which are critical for predicting regime transitions in liquid film-based thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing heat transfer through the integration of vibrating blades with fin channels: Experimental and numerical insights","authors":"Jinqi Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Li ,&nbsp;Yuanhong Fan ,&nbsp;Chunhua Min ,&nbsp;Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vibrating blade (VB) is a compact, energy-efficient technology that generates oscillating flow with intense vortices, holding significant potential in applications like battery thermal management. However, in relatively open spaces, some vortices induced by the vibrating blades (VBs) do not directly participate in heat transfer. In this work, the VBs were integrated with a specialized fin channel with top plate to fully utilize the oscillating flow and vortices for heat transfer enhancement. The heat transfer enhancement mechanisms were revealed through experiments, numerical simulations, and chaos analysis. The results showed that VBs in the fin channel induce more vortices to directly participate in heat transfer, promoting vortex motion and fluid mixing, which further trigger chaotic flow. The converging top plate effectively directs vortices toward the heated surface and generates high-velocity jets downstream. The wave grooved side plates induce additional secondary vortices and effectively promote the mixing of hot and cold fluids inside and outside the fin channel. Hence, the combination of VBs with a fin channel featuring a converging top plate and wave grooved side plates (TCSWG) further promotes vortex collision and breakdown, intensifies chaotic characteristics, and thereby significantly enhances heat transfer. As a result, the TCSWG reduces the heated surface temperature of VBs from 99.1 °C to 48.2 °C. More importantly, when the fin channel, VBs, and rotating fan are combined, the heated surface temperature is further reduced to 38.8 °C, while maintaining relatively low power consumption and noise levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127499"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fiber structure on mechanical support and electrical-thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layer","authors":"Kai Lu,&nbsp;Mingyu Lou,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Rui Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are efficient clean energy devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a critical component for energy transfer, mass transport, and mechanical support to the membrane electrode assembly. The anisotropic properties of GDL show obvious structural differences, and the compression effect also significantly affects the pore structure. However, the influence of the coupling effect of the native structure and the compression on the electrical and thermal conductivity of the GDL has not been systematically studied. This study employs the finite element method to examine the effects of various porosity, thickness, carbon fiber diameter, and fiber inclination angles. The maximum fiber inclination angle <em>φ</em>_max is defined to reflect the manufacturing process. The heat exchange coefficient between carbon fibers and air is proposed. All structures exhibit nonlinear mechanical behavior, with porosity exerting significant influence on mechanical and conductive properties. The stiffness of GDL increases proportionally with <em>φ</em>_max. The GDL with a fiber diameter of 10 μm exhibits the lowest stiffness under 20 % compression. The electrical and thermal conductivity in the through-plane (TP) direction before and after compression is also proportional to <em>φ</em>_max. A <em>φ</em>_max of 7.5° benefits in-plane (IP) electrical conductivity under compression but does not enhance thermal conductivity. Compared to an approximate 30 % increase in the effective thermal and electrical conductivity in the IP direction, the effective conductivity in the TP direction is significantly enhanced by several multiples. The findings presented in this work contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural, mechanical, and conductive properties of GDL. And the pore-scale simulation methodology employed can serve as a valuable reference for analogous investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum control and thermal management of varying operating conditions of variable frequency drives","authors":"Kashif Habib ,&nbsp;Xing Xu ,&nbsp;Heping Ling ,&nbsp;Shahbaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces an advanced optimization technique based on hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) to enhance the cooling and control of variable frequency drives (VFDs). By combining simulated annealing (SA) with particle swarm optimization (PSO), the proposed method dynamically adjusts PI controllers, which lowers speed and torque overshoot as well as settling time. According to comparative analysis, HPSO greatly improves the transient response by reducing speed overshoot by 14.4 % compared to a simple proportional-integral (SPI) controller and by 3–4 % compared to other advanced techniques. In addition to control improvements, this study enhances VFD thermal performance by maintaining temperature at approximately 20.4 °C across various operating conditions by using the optimized controller. Furthermore, this control technique enhances VFD output, reduces electromagnetic torque ripples, and improves stator current quality, directly optimizing the performance of electric vehicle inverters. By integrating thermal management with optimal control, the study ensures precise temperature regulation, boosting the efficiency and reliability of VFDs in dynamic electric vehicle operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of nanofluid-enhanced biomimetic liquid-cooled heat sinks for efficient thermal management applications","authors":"Hamza Babar ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Eltaweel ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is critical in high-power-density systems found in electronics, electric vehicles, renewable energy devices, aerospace platforms, and data centres. This study aims to enhance thermal performance through the development of nature-inspired heat sink geometries integrated with advanced nanofluids. Two novel biomimetic configurations, Inline Arranged Airfoil Integrated Curvilinear Pin-Fin (IACPF) and Inline Arranged Airfoil Integrated Corrugated Curvilinear Pin-Fin (AICCPF) were experimentally evaluated across heating powers of 75–300 W and flow rates ranging from 200 to 450 mL/min. These heat sinks were tested using mono and hybrid nanofluids formulated with silver (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), and beryllium oxide (BeO) nanoparticles, chosen for their high thermal conductivity, dispersion stability, and economic viability. The experimental methodology focused on assessing thermal and hydraulic performance through key parameters including Nusselt number, thermal resistance, wall temperature, and pressure drop. Comparative study showed that, using water as the working fluid at 75 W, the AICCPF heat sink delivered a 10.23% improvement in Nusselt number over the IACPF. When benchmarked against a conventional straight-channel heat sink, the AICCPF design at 150 W demonstrated a 103% enhancement in Nusselt number, confirming its geometric effectiveness. Among nanofluids, the highest convective enhancement was achieved using Ag/SiC hybrid nanofluid, yielding a peak improvement of 22.29% in the AICCPF configuration. Pressure drops remained within manageable limits, with a maximum increase of 15.86%. These findings demonstrate that combining biomimetic heat sink architectures with thermally optimised nanofluids achieves high thermal performance while maintaining acceptable hydraulic penalties. The proposed approach offers scalable, energy-efficient solutions for next-generation cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal transport in nanomaterials and soft matters","authors":"Koji Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Sebastian Volz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 127483"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}